平底筒形件主动径向加压充液拉深的数值模拟

针对低塑性、大高径比航天铝合金板材零件成形需要,提出了带主动径向加压的充液拉深新技术.通过数值模拟方法,采用动力显式分析软件ETA/Dynaform5.5对5A06铝合金平底筒形零件主动径向加压充液拉深成形过程进行了研究.以零件成形最终壁厚分布为评定标准,分析了不同主动径向压力加载路径对成形质量的影响.通过数值模拟证明了在主动径向加压充液拉深过程中,法兰变形区存在一个应力分界线,随着主动径向液压力的增加,分界线的位置内移.研究表明,采用40 MPa的液室压力加载曲线,并配合45 MPa的主动径向压力加载路径,获得的铝合金平底筒形件的拉深比为3.1,零件质量好.     

铝合金马鞍形件充液成形工艺模拟分析

目的研究板材充液成形柔性制造高精度、高质量马鞍形件的工艺方法。方法利用有限元动力学显示分析方法,对充液拉深和液压胀形两种成形工艺方案进行分析,并对比分析减薄率和成形极限图判断工艺方案的合理性。结果针对铝合金马鞍形件,通过对比分析2种方案,充液拉深工艺中的最大减薄率达到14.3%,液压胀形最大减薄率为7.2%,位置均在型面补充件的顶部,2种方案的成形极限都在安全区域内,未见破裂现象。结论通过工艺模拟分析,得到对铝合金马鞍形件,采用一模两件液压拉深成形工艺较合理,成本较低,加工周期短,加工效率高,成形精度高。     

2A12 铝合金平底筒形件充液拉深数值模拟研究

目的研究工艺参数对2A12铝合金平底筒形件充液拉深成形的影响规律。方法采用数值模拟方法,研究了液室压力加载路径、成形液室压力、压边力和压边间隙对板材充液拉深成形效果的影响。结果获得了充液拉深成形的失效形式,以及不同工艺参数下零件壁厚减薄率的变化规律。成形前期,液室压力不宜过大,最大液室压力在10~25 MPa之间,压边间隙在1.05~1.15mm之内,可有效避免零件过度减薄和法兰起皱。结论合理的液室压力加载路径和压边间隙,可以有效地控制零件法兰区起皱,防止凸模圆角处破裂。     

铝合金发动机罩内板充液成形工艺研究

目的研究铝合金发动机罩内板充液拉深-局部关键特征刚性整形复合成形工艺。方法在Dynaform中建立有限元模型,优化液室压力及加载路径等关键工艺参数,并进行试验验证。结果液室压力及加载路径对充液成形零件质量的影响较大,成形所需的最大液室压力为10 MPa,并且液室压力不宜加载过早,当凸模行程在30~40 mm之间时,进行合理的液室压力加载可较好地成形该铝合金内板件。结论对于文中研究的大型多特征铝合金发动机罩内板,采用充液拉深-局部关键特征刚性整形复合成形工艺更有利于其成形,可得到合格零件。     

钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件充液拉深工艺研究

目的 选用充液拉深先进成形技术制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件,并研究其充液拉深变形行为,以解决传统拉深工艺制备平底球形薄壁件极易产生褶皱的问题。方法 对钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件在不同液压力、压边间隙及凸模与板料间摩擦因数等工艺参数下的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟。对数值模拟结果进行分析,讨论工艺参数对零件成形性能的影响以及抑制起皱的机理。最后在不同拉深工艺下进行成形试验,制备钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件并与数值模拟结果进行对比。结果 数值模拟和成形试验结果表明,传统拉深工艺制备的钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件出现了明显的褶皱,采用充液拉深工艺可以有效解决零件侧壁起皱的问题。增大液压力、减小压边间隙或增大凸模与板料间摩擦因数会导致零件减薄率的提高并降低零件侧壁起皱的风险。在压边间隙1.5 mm、液压力25 MPa的条件下,采用充液拉深工艺可以制备出侧壁无褶皱的平底球形薄壁件。结论 通过充液拉深工艺可以有效解决钛/铁复合板平底球形薄壁件成形过程中起皱的问题。     

薄壁深腔件部分阴模充液成形技术研究

充液成形技术能有效解决复杂零件的成形问题.针对某飞机薄壁深腔蒙皮常规拉深成形需要多道次成形、成形质量差的问题,通过分析充液成形过程中易出现的失稳,设计了带部分阴模的一模两件充液成形的技术方案.结合数值模拟,对薄壁深腔件充液成形过程中出现的悬空区失稳形式进行了研究,优化了液室压力加载曲线、压边间隙、初始反胀压力等工艺参数.结果表明,薄壁深腔件在带部分阴模的一模两件的工艺方案下,能有效避免悬空区的起皱,同时改善了一模一件补充段的破裂问题,提高了零件成形极限和壁厚分布的均匀性.     

2A16 铝合金锥形件多级充液热成形仿真及优化分析

目的解决2A16铝合金锥形件常温充液成形困难、表面质量差的问题。方法介绍了充液热成形工艺,并提出了3种锥形件成形方案,通过专用有限元软件Dynaform对所有方案进行了数值仿真;同时,对一步成形方案进行了试验。结果通过试验验证了有限元模型的正确性。由仿真分析可知,成形缺陷包括悬空区起皱和凹模圆角及底部破裂,一步成形方案不可取,两步成形方案均可以将减薄率控制在13%以下。起皱危险主要发生在零件法兰以下30~55 mm处。结论充液热成形与常温充液成形相比,可以显著提高材料的成形性;两步充液热成形方案可以获得2A16铝合金锥形件;预成形凸模的形状设计对零件的表面质量影响明显;最终确定用先热冲压筒形件,后充液热成形的工艺方案,来成形2A16铝合金锥形件。     

铝镁合金温热介质充液成形加载条件及温度场影响研究

目的探究液室压力和拉深速度以及温度场分布规律对成形性能的影响。方法在通用有限元软件MSC.Marc中建立5A06铝镁合金温热介质充液成形有限元模拟的专用平台,对典型零件温热介质充液成形进行有限元模拟。结果在液室压力为5 MPa、拉深速度为5 mm/s的情况下成形效果最好,最佳温度场分布为凹模与板料温度250℃、凸模温度20℃、压边圈温度300℃,在此条件下,凸模直径为100 mm时极限拉深深度可达到161.4 mm。结论液室压力和拉深速度以及温度场的分布对成形性能有着显著影响。     

12Cr17Ni7不锈钢“鼓形”隔片充液成形工艺研究

目的 研究充液成形工艺参数对直升机旋翼球面径向弹性轴承球面“鼓形”隔片零件成形质量的影响规律。方法 针对“鼓形”隔片零件形状复杂、成形难度大、精度和生产效率要求高等问题,选用充液成形工艺,通过有限元仿真技术,分析初始液室压力、凸模位移、成形压力对零件起皱、破裂、厚度分布、成形精度等的影响规律。结果 数值模拟得到的优化工艺参数为初始液室压力3 MPa、凸模位移3 mm、成形压力30 MPa,验证试验成形出的“鼓形”隔片零件未发生破裂、起皱等缺陷,且零件成形精度良好、厚度分布较为均匀。结论 对于“鼓形”隔片零件充液成形,凸模位移过小易造成流料不充分,导致后续成形过程减薄严重、厚度分布不均匀,凸模位移过大易造成零件起皱。合理的初始液室压力可在一定程度上减少起皱缺陷发生。成形压力过小易造成成形精度差,过大则易导致破裂发生。     

2024 铝合金难成形高锥盒形件充液成形数值模拟

目的解决锥盒形件传统拉深成形十分困难,废品率高,成形质量差的问题。方法介绍了充液成形工艺的2种方式,即主动式充液成形和被动式充液成形,并利用有限元软件Dynaform对各充液成形方案进行了数值模拟。结果通过模拟分析,明确了2种充液成形方式的优缺点,提出了被动式-主动式充液成形方案,并进行了数值模拟验证;合理的预成形凸模圆角大小是A侧长边底部圆角R=40 mm,B侧长边底部圆角R=30 mm,其他底部圆角R=15 mm。结论充液成形技术与传统拉深相比,具有一定的优势;被动式-主动式充液成形方案数值模拟结果良好;预成形形状对终成形有很大的影响,改变预成形凸模圆角可控制各侧补料量。     

浮动凹模主动径向加压的筒形件拉深研究

提出了一种浮动凹模主动径向加压的工艺方法,分析了凸凹模夹紧坯料在拉深过程中的力学特点,说明了该方法能提高板料成形能力的技术关键,以带法兰的筒形件拉深为研究对象,运用LS-DYNA对采用该工艺方法和常规拉深进行有限元模拟并比较,结果表明,该工艺方法的拉深效果是显著的。     

Effects of Loading Paths on Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing with Independent Radial Hydraulic Pressure of Aluminum Alloy Based on Numerical Simulation

In order to meet the forming demands for low plasticity materials and large height-diameter ratio parts, a new process of hydrodynamic deep drawing （HDD） with independent radial hydraulic pressure is proposed. To investigate the effects of loading paths on the HDD with independent radial hydraulic pressure, the forming process of 5A06 aluminum alloy cylindrical cup with a hemispherical bottom was studied by numerical simulation. By employing the dynamic explicit analytical software ETA/Dynaform based on LS-DYNA3D, the effects of loading paths on the sheet-thickness distribution and surface quality were analyzed. The corresponding relations of the radial hydraulic pressure loading paths and the part＇s strain status on the forming limit diagram （FLD） were also discussed. The results indicated that a sound match between liquid chamber pressure and independent radial hydraulic pressure could restrain the serious thinning at the hemisphere bottom and that through adjusting radial hydraulic pressure could reduce the radial tensile strain and change the strain paths. Therefore, the drawing limit of the aluminum cylindrical cup with a hemispherical bottom could be increased significantly.     

Investigation of SUS304 Stainless Steel with Warm Hydro-mechanical Deep Drawing

Basing on warm mechanical property of SUS304 stainless steel and hydro-mechanical deep drawing process, warm hydro-mechanical deep drawing process is proposed and discussed with experiments in this paper. The experiments are performed at four different temperatures. The results show that the formability of stainless steel is improved under the condition of warm temperature. Warm hydro-mechanical deep drawing raises limiting drawing ratio of SUS304 effectively, and limiting drawing ratio 3.3 is obtained, which is beyond 2.0 with conventional deep drawing. The temperature of 90℃ is beneficial to the forming of SUS304 stainless steel, the strain-induced martensite is controlled effectively, and the thickness distribution is more uniform.     

Numerical Analysis of Hydroforming DeepDrawing of Conical Cup

［1］T.Nakagawa: Annals of the CIRP, 1987, 36(1), 191. ［2］J.C.Gelin and P.Picart: Proc. of Nmisheet99, Besancon, France, 1999, 1, 497.     

Numerical analysis of hydroforming deep drawing of conical cup

Aided by the FE-code, analysis is carried to find the proper hydroforming deep-drawing condition for the perfect forming of a conical cup that can not be drawn successfully by conventional deep drawing method. Hydraulic counter pressure must be reasonably controlled, otherwise defects such as fracture and wrinkling can not be avoided. Therefore, the forming procedure is divided into three stages, and the counter pressure is adjusted intentionally to make the blank clamped onto the punch at a suitable time, then deformation at dangerous area is resisted by the effect of the counter pressure and the conical cup can be formed without defects.     

5A06铝合金中厚板反拉深变形行为

中厚板变形过程中的弯曲和反弯曲效应影响其拉深变形能力。本工作以航空航天常用的5A06铝合金筒形件为研究对象,采用厚度为4.5mm的中厚板进行反拉深数值模拟和实验研究,分析了变形过程中应力、应变分布特点,讨论了3种凹模截面结构形式下的变形方式,以及应变路径随着凹模圆角变化规律。结果表明:凹模内圆角与直壁区过渡区在壁厚方向上存在应力和应变梯度,并在该处外侧产生最大径向拉应力,导致了拉深破裂的发生。采用半圆形凹模截面结构时,极限拉深深度达到203mm,相对于平面凹模结构增加了40%。半圆形凹模结构能减小弯曲效应,有效降低过渡区的应力梯度和最大应力数值,有利于提高5A06铝合金中厚板拉深变形能力。     

Forming sheet metals by means of multi-point deep drawing method

Multi-point deep drawing (MPDD) is an advanced manufacturing technology for 3D sheet metal parts and it can form a variety of part shapes without the need for solid dies. In this study, a test set has been prepared for multi-point deep drawing process utilizing the multi-point forming technology. Drawability attributes of gradually rectangular shaped container have been observed using a sheet, which has the quality of Erdemir 7114 and is suitable for deep drawing process, and also using multi-pointed punch with a given tool geometry and a draw velocity. The blank shape to be drawn without wrinkling and tearing has been determined. Wrinkles and dimples are the major forming defects in the MPDD process. In conventional deep drawing, the method to form sheet metal with a blank holder is an effective way to suppress wrinkling; and the same is true in MPDD. The process of multi-point forming technology decreases production cost of die, provides flexible usage, and it is convenient to achieve the most even deformation distribution.