Use of silane coupling agent for surface modification of zinc oxide as inorganic filler and preparation of poly(amide-imide)/zinc oxide nanocomposite containing phenylalanine moieties

A series of novel poly(amide?Cimide)/ZnO nanocomposites with modified ZnO nanoparticles contents was prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. For this purpose, surface of ZnO nanoparticle was modified with $\boldsymbol\gamma$ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a coupling agent. Then the effect of surface modification on dispersion of nanoparticles, thermal stability and UV absorption property of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated. The resulting novel nanocomposites were characterized by several techniques. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the nanocomposites were performed in order to study the dispersion of nanofillers in the polymer matrix. According to thermogravimetry analysis results, the addition of ZnO nanoparticles improved thermal stability of the obtained nanocomposites. Since the resulting nanocomposites contain phenylalanine amino acid and ZnO, they are expected to be biocompatible as well as biodegradable.     

Effects of modified Clay on the morphology and thermal stability of PMMA/clay nanocomposites

The potential to improve the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/clay nanocomposites prepared with clay containing an organic modifier was investigated. Pristine sodium montmorillonite clay was modified using cocoamphodipropionate, which absorbs UVB in the 280–320 nm range, via ion exchange to enhance the compatibility between the clay platelets and the methyl methacrylate polymer matrix. PMMA/clay nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ free-radical polymerization. Three types of clay with various cation-exchange capacities (CEC) were used as inorganic layered materials in these organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites: CL42, CL120, and CL88 with CEC values of 116, 168, and 200 meq/100 g of clay, respectively. We characterized the effects of the organoclay dispersion on UV resistance, effectiveness as an O₂ gas barrier, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of PMMA/clay nanocomposites. Gas permeability analysis demonstrated the excellent gas barrier properties of the nanocomposites, consistent with the intercalated or exfoliated morphologies observed. The optical properties were assessed using UV–Visible spectroscopy, which revealed that these materials have good optical clarity, UV resistance, and scratch resistance. The effect of the dispersion capability of organoclay on the thermal properties of PMMA/clay nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry; these analyses revealed excellent thermal stability of some of the modified clay nanocomposites.     

乙二胺双马来酰胺酸根合镧(Ⅲ)-层状矿物复合热稳定剂对聚氯乙烯的热稳定作用

利用稀土配合物具有较强协同作用的优点,将自身对聚氯乙烯(PVC)具有一定热稳定作用的乙二胺双马来酰胺酸根合镧(Ⅲ)配合物(LaL)与层状矿物,如高岭土、蒙脱土、水滑石和水镁石进行复配,通过热重分析、刚果红试验和静态烘箱老化法研究了乙二胺双马来酰胺酸根合镧(Ⅲ)与高岭土、蒙脱土、水滑石和水镁石复合物对PVC热稳定性的影响。结果表明,乙二胺双马来酰胺酸根合镧(Ⅲ)与层状矿物具有良好的协同效应,且与水镁石效果最为显著,当二者质量比为1∶1时,PVC热稳定时间由2 min提升至70 min,且能有效地抑制单一稀土热稳定剂使用时的初期着色能力。复合热稳定剂的添加大幅度提高了PVC热降解的活化能,尤其是LaL-水镁石复合物(LaL-Brucite)的添加,N_2气氛下的活化能相对于纯PVC样品,由123.5 kJ/mol提升至234.7 kJ/mol,提高了111.2 kJ/mol;空气气氛下的活化能相对于纯PVC样品,由115.9 kJ/mol提升至133.0 kJ/mol,提高了17.1 kJ/mol;有效地提高了PVC的热稳定性。     

Functionalized graphene sheets filled isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

The graphene oxide sheets (GOs) reacted with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and then stearic acid to form the functionalized graphene sheets (FGs), in order to improve their compatibility with isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The iPP incorporated with FGs were adequately mixed in a Haaker mixer and then compression molded to obtain the iPP/FGs nanocomposites. The crystallization, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites together with iPP/graphite sheets (Gs) and iPP/GOs composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile test. The FGs achieved good dispersion with exfoliated and intercalated nanostructure and strong interfacial adhesion with iPP, which made the nanocomposites have a significant enhancement of thermal stability and mechanical properties at low FGs loadings.     

Solution casting versus melt compounding: effect of fabrication route on the structure and thermal behavior of poly(l-lactic acid) clay nanocomposites

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanocomposites containing various loadings of organo-modified montmorillonite were prepared via twin screw extrusion and solution casting in order to investigate the effect of processing route on the structure and the thermal properties of the fabricated nanohybrid materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing indicated that a better dispersion of the modified inorganic filler can be achieved by solution intercalation. The interlayer distance of the mineral, and thus the type and structure of the nanohybrid formed, was found to be affected by the polymer content only in the case of the nanocomposites produced by the solution casting method. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the hybrids prepared by melt compounding displayed increased thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the fabrication route influences the crystallization process of the polymer.     

羟基磷灰石／细菌纤维素纳米复合材料的制备与热力学性能表征

摘要通过仿生途径制备了模拟天然骨成分的羟基磷灰石／细菌纤维素（hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose,HAp/BC）纳米复合材料,使用TGA（thermo-gravimetric analysis）, DSC（differential scanning calorimetry）和DMA（dynamic mechanical analysis）测试方法对复合材料进行了热力学表征,以此来了解复合材料的成分组成、热稳定性和热力学行为．实验结果表明,纳米复合材料的成分与天然骨相似,并且热稳定性与纯BC相比有所提高;纳米复合材料在热分解时存在复杂的吸热放热现象;由于HAp的加入,与BC相比,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度向高温区域移动．     

Surface modified Al 2 O 3 in fluorinated polyimide/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites: Synthesis and characterization

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials consisting of inorganic materials and organic polymers are a new class of materials, which have received much attention in recent years. In the present investigation, at first, the surface of nano-alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) was treated with a silane coupling agent of $\boldsymbol{\gamma} $ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), which introduces organic functional groups on the surface of Al ₂ O ₃ nanoparticles. Then fluorinated polyimide (PI) was synthesized from 4,4 ^′ -(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride and 4,4 ^′ -diaminodiphenylsulfone. Finally, PI/modified Al ₂ O ₃ nanocomposite films having 3, 5, 7 and 10% of Al ₂ O ₃ were successfully prepared by an in situ polymerization reaction through thermal imidization. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the Al ₂ O ₃ nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in PI matrix. According to thermogravimetry analysis results, the addition of these nanoparticles improved thermal stability of the obtained hybrid materials.     

Effect of various nanofillers on thermal stability and degradation kinetics of polymer nanocomposites

Structure of nanofillers and their subsequent interaction with a polymer is very important in determining thermal stability of polymer nanocomposite. In this paper, we tried to correlate structure of various 0, 1 and 2 dimensional nanofillers with the thermal stability of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) nanocomposites. Organically modified and unmodified layered silicates such as montmorillonite (Cloisite Na+, Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A), rod-like fibrous filler (sepiolite) and spherical nanoparticles (nanosilica) were chosen for this purpose. A significant improvement in thermal stability (obtained by thermogravimeric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) was observed for silica-filled nanocomposites. However, the activation energy of the nanocomposites calculated by different kinetic methods (both non-isothermal and isothermal methods) was found to be significantly high for sepiolite, 30B and silica-filled nanocomposites. The results were explained with the help of structure of the nanofillers, their interaction with the elastomer and the subsequent dispersion, as measured by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. From these analyses it was concluded that organically modified montmorillonite, sepiolite and nanosilica increase the thermal stability of the nanocomposite to a great extent due to the interaction of the reactive groups on the surface of these fillers with the polymer and high thermal stability of these inorganic fillers. Finally, degradation mechanism of HNBR in presence of the nanofillers at severe operating temperatures was investigated with the help of FTIR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane/attapulgite nanocomposites

The novel nanocomposites derived from waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/Attapulgite (AT) nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization progress. AT functionalized by chemical modification were incorporated as a crosslinker in prepolymer. The chemical structures, morphology, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the WPU/AT nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing respectively. The experimental results indicated that the organically modified attapulgites were homogeneously dispersed in the WPU and resulted in an improvement of thermal stability, tensile strength and elongation at break of WPU/AT nanocomposites.     

Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of New Hybrid Nanocomposites Containing the [Mo6(μ3-Cl)8]4+ Cluster

A new type of hybrid nanocomposite material is produced via consecutive outer-sphere transformations of a Mo-containing cluster. Cluster monomers with the general formula (Bu₄N)₂[(Mo₆Cl₈)(CF₃COO)_{6 – n} CH₂=CHCOO _n ] (n= 1–3) are synthesized and characterized for the first time. The bulk radical copolymerization of such monomers with acrylic acid is an interfacial process and leads to the formation of hybrid (metal-containing polymeric) nanocomposites. The synthesized copolymers (1–5 wt % Mo, M 270000, 5–24 cluster units per polymer chain) are examined by nuclear magnetic resonance and IR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the copolymers contain stereoregular (syndiotactic) polyacrylic acid. The structure of the cluster-containing composites, the distribution of cluster units over the polymer chain, and the origin of stereoregularity in such systems are discussed. According to differential thermal analysis results, the introduction of clusters into the polymer chain has an insignificant effect on the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The same is evidenced by the results on the molecular–topological properties of the nanocomposites.