高精度机动车GPS测速仪模拟校准技术研究

介绍了高精度机动车GPS测速仪的模拟测速误差校准技术,分别基于Labsat以及GSS6700两种GPS信号模拟器建立了GPS测速仪模拟校准系统。在20～200km·h^-1范围内特定速度点,对同一台高精度机动车GPS测速仪,使用两种模拟校准系统分别进行了模拟测速误差的校准。结果表明,使用两种GPS信号模拟校准装置测得的高精度机动车GPS测速仪的模拟测速误差相近,均在±0．05km·h^-1或±0．05％范围内,校准不确定度分别优于0．024％（k=2）和0．030％（k=2）,均能够满足高精度机动车GPS测速仪的溯源要求。     

显示屏闪烁率与响应时间计量标准装置的研制

介绍了显示屏闪烁率和响应时间的测量方法,并根据平板显示行业所特有的溯源需求进行校准装置的设计,研制出内置函数信号发生器的亮度、闪烁率和响应时间可调的标准屏,搭建了包括标准屏、高速光度探头和高精度示波器的显示屏闪烁率计量标准装置,对装置的计量特性进行研究,并对装置的测量结果进行验证。研究结果表明,该校准装置满足计量标准的溯源要求,可用于显示屏闪烁率和响应时间的校准。     

直拉式锅炉燃料自动计量系统量值溯源方法研究

直拉式锅炉燃料自动计量系统（以下简称＂计量系统＂）指在锅炉给料时,将不连续的载荷（燃料）依次垂直拉升,同时称量其质量并累计称量结果的一种衡器,可实现称量数据自动采集和实时监测,在福建省各耗能单位广泛使用。本文根据＂计量系统＂的工作原理与计量特性,研究并提出了校准方法及校准结果不确定度评定,旨在解决目前＂计量系统＂因国内无校准规范或检定规程,其量值无法溯源的问题,并作为检测部门和使用单位进行＂计量系统＂校准提供依据。     

基于MSP430的高精度转台角速率校准系统设计

依据GJB1801-1993《惯性技术测试设备主要性能测试方法》设计了一套基于MSP430单片机的高精度转台角速率校准系统,实现了对速率转台的高精度角速率测量校准并给出了测试实例。该系统采用定时测角法,用高精度恒温温补晶振作为时间基准时钟,单片机控制正交解码芯片HCTL-2032对圆光栅传感器输出正交信号进行解码计数,同时设计了硬件周期同步电路保证了系统的等精度测量,最后由上位机应用软件做数据处理并显示、存储、报表打印。校准结果表明：在北京长城计量测试技术研究所超低速转速标准装置上进行角速率（0.001°/s~600°/s）校准,结果最高精度在360°间隔达到3×10-7。     

关于JJF（军工）38-2014《低霜点湿度发生器校准规范》解读

主要对JJF（军工）38-2014《低霜点湿度发生器校准规范》中关于作为标准器和配套设备的低霜点湿度发生器的计量进行进一步阐述,包括校准的适用范围、计量特性、校准方法以及结果处理等几个方面,对计量工作者起到指导作用。     

关于《弹簧拉压试验机》检定规程被替代的看法

弹簧拉压试验机作为测量弹簧的专用试验机。其计量性能有自身的特性。JJG609—1989《弹簧拉压试验机》针对这一特性作了较为完整的规定。JJF1134—2005《专用测力机》校准规范只涉及试验机（或测力机）的力值参数校准，并不包含弹簧拉压试验机其他方面的计量性能校准。JJG609—1989被JJF1134-2005替代以后，弹簧拉压试验机计量性能中的位移、平行度等计量参数就失去了校准依据，对力值的校准方法也比过去单一，并没有反映很多计量检测机构在用标准器（如标准测力仪）的实际测量方法。     

谈测量设备的计量验证

企业计量人员需对测量设备检定/校准的结果进行计量验证,以判定测量设备的计量特性满足预期使用的计量要求（最大允许误差MPEV）,方可投入使用。     

环境试验设备的校准与检测

检定的依据是检定规程,检定的对象是属法制计量（强制检定）范围内的使用中计量器具。校准的依据是校准规范,校准的对象是强制检定以外的使用中计量器具。检测的依据是国家／行业标准,检测的对象是产品,制造中的计量器具,用于指导生产。 校准的目的是对被校给出示值误差或赋值,不一定要求给出合格与否的判断,所以校准规范没有给出像检定规程中的计量／技术要求,校准规范中仅给出计量特性,这是用于指导本校准规范适用被校的范围,被校的计量要求在规范规定的计量特性范围内,都可适用本规范。所以不能用校准规范中的计量特性来作为被校的合格判据。原则上检定规程的计量／技术要求不应高于产品标准的技术要求,校准规范的计量特性决定于校准方法本身,当然计量特性应尽量覆盖被校不同的所有的计量要求,但它不是用于被校合格判断的计量要求。 如需要用校准结果对被校进行合格判断,则合格判据只能是用户使用的计量要求,或被校技术说明书承诺的技术指标,或相应检定规程的计量／技术要求。产品标准不能直接用于校准,即使标准中有校准方法,也要采用它重新编写校准规范,所以标准中的技术要求也不宜直接用作合格判据。 使用中计量器具校准后只能出具校准证书／报告,（检测报告用于产品或非计量器具的设备）,如果用户要求校准者帮助作出合格判断,校准者就应该了解用户使用的计量要求,可以从用户工作依据的标准／规范中找出,或用户提供技术说明书中技术指标进行合格判断。     

利用特性修正法校准高精度数字多用表及不确定度评定

文章介绍了一种利用特性修正多功能校准源,校准8位半数字多用表的方法,即通过对多功能校准源的在所需测量点进行测量特性修正,使其达到足够校准高精度数字多用表的不确定度,并给出了特性修正法校准高精度数字多用表的不确定评定。     

计量检测设备校准结果的正确判别和确认

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,具有多参数、测量数据自动采集和计算机处理等多功能的计量检测设备不断出现,例如秦山核电各分公司送检的计量检测设备（以下简称计量仪器）30％是这类计量器具。这些非常规计量仪器的计量特性的检定往往没有现成的国家计量检定规程可作为依据。计量技术机构采用校准的方法对其计量量值进行溯源,对其功能进行检查,出具的是计量校准证书。而计量校准证书一般不给出合格与否的结论,作为计量仪器的管理者或使用者如何对校准结果进行正确判别和确认是当前企业计量人员极为关注的问题。     

骨折创伤断面微型二维力传感器研制

针对骨折创伤断面轴向压力和径向剪切力的实时精确测量要求,设计了基于E型圆膜片式结构弹性体的微型二维力传感器,建立了传感器弹性体应变的理论分析模型。根据理论分析模型对传感器弹性体的主要结构尺寸进行了优化,设计了弹性体上应变片的贴片位置和组桥方式。对传感器进行了标定实验,获得了标定数据。标定实验结果表明：传感器灵敏度为2.9 MPa/N,轴向力满量程非线性误差为1.1783%,径向力满量程非线性误差为1.0416%。     

真空比对标准装置的研究

真空比对标准装置是由真空泵、校准室、真空管道、各种阀门及真空规组成的。根据实际使用情况,从四个方面对真空比对标准装置进行了详细的分析,包括:校准室的研究、微调阀性能的研究、标准规计量学特性的研究、比对校准技术的研究和应用。     

磁悬浮转子规长期稳定性的研究

在膨胀式真空标准装置上对同一支磁悬浮转子规进行了连续5个校准周期的校准，通过对校准数据的分析，以及对磁悬浮转子规的长期稳定性等计量特性的研究，从而确保磁悬浮转子规在量传过程中数据的准确、可靠。     

Kalibrierung von Überdruck‐ und Unterdruck‐Messgeräten

Calibration of manometers for gauge pressure Various applications require the measurement of small gauge pressures relative to atmospheric pressure. For this purpose, nowadays electronic sensors are commonly used which are easy to use and which offer good resolution. For reliable pressure readings, these sensors require adjustment and calibration. The accurate calibration of the sensors is a metrological challenge. The present article describes some exploring investigations of calibration methods employing modern equipment and gives some values of the achievable accuracy.     

Practical interpretation of metrological traceability on gauge block as to VIM 3

In ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, i.e. the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology-3rd edition (VIM 3), the term “traceability” is replaced by “metrological traceability”, giving it a new definition as property of a measurement result which can be related to a reference. In essence, “metrological traceability” can offer an evidence of measurands tracing to the primary standards which can realize the SI units, and offer a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, thus considered as one of the most important terms in VIM 3. National Measurement Laboratory (NML, Chinese Taipei) has long operated its main mission of calibration implemented along with peer assessed traceability of its measurement systems, which demonstrate a calibration hierarchy conventionally in schematic approach. In dealing with definition of the new term “metrological traceability” in VIM 3, this paper elaborates in taking additionally a newly mathematical approach rather than schematic approach only to realize the practical interpretation of “metrological traceability” to show how the unbroken calibration chain is functioning seamless and robust on the gauge block measurement system in NML. Through such study activities, we well assure our strong confidence on technology inheritance of gauge block and the other measurement systems with sufficient metrological know-how in NML, which can continually pass to each entry level metrologist.     

基于ANSYS的电容式测压器的数值模拟

针对目前火炮膛压测试中传感器安装结构与测压器小体积之间的矛盾,设计了一种壳体电容式压力传感器.介绍了测压器的结构及基本原理,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对测压器的壳体进行了静态及瞬态分析,由静态分析的结果对壳体电容进行最小二乘法拟合,拟合相关系数为0997 5,并绘制出电容式测压器的静态灵敏度曲线,在模拟膛压发生器上进行动态实验,采用上升沿校准的方法对膛压曲线进行分析.结果表明:该测压器具有良好的非线性,静态灵敏度随压力载荷的增加而增加;该设计方案是可行的,值得推广.     

多维加速度传感器的设计及优化

研制了一种基于单惯性质量块的一体化结构三维加速度传感器。依据传感器的工作原理,采用有限元工具对传感器静态和动态特性进行了分析,给出了弹性体的应变分布、固有频率及振型等,按各轴向灵敏度及其一致性和固有频率等目标对传感器结构尺寸进行了优化设计。有限元分析计算和实验结果表明,所研制的传感器在三个正交方向上都有较高的灵敏度,各加速度分量互干扰小。     

Sandwiched carbon nanotube film as strain sensor

Two types of carbon nanotube nanocomposite strain sensors were prepared by mixing carbon nanotubes with epoxy (nanocomposite sensor) and sandwiching a carbon nanotube film between two epoxy layers (sandwich sensor). The conductivity, response and sensitivity to static and dynamic mechanical strains in these sensors were investigated. The nanocomposite sensor with 2–3 wt.% carbon nanotube demonstrated high sensitivity to mechanical strain and environmental temperature, with gauge factors of 5–8. On the other hand, a linear relationship between conductivity and dynamic mechanical strain was observed in the sandwich sensor. The sandwich sensor was also not sensitive to temperature although its strain sensitivity (gauge factor of about 3) was lower as compared with the nanocomposite sensor. Both sensors have excellent response to static and dynamic strains, thereby having great potential for strain sensing applications.     

Double bridge circuit for self‐validated structural health monitoring strain measurements

In structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, sensor faults and structural damage need to be assuredly discriminated. A self‐diagnosis strain sensor operating in a continuous online SHM scenario is considered. The strain sensor is based on full electric resistance strain gauge Wheatstone bridges. The state of the art shows that such a sensor has not yet been developed. The loop current step response (LCSR) is a well‐known method to detect strain gauge debonding. However, applying the LCSR method to a full strain gauge Wheatstone bridge has some limitations analysed in this paper. To enable the use of the LCSR method in an online SHM scenario, the double bridge circuit is proposed in this work. Two new strain gauge debonding fault detection methods and a new debonding fault isolation method—based on the double bridge circuit measurements—are proposed and evaluated. Two new sensor fusion weighting approaches are also proposed and evaluated—to achieve strain gauge debonding fault tolerance on the double bridge circuit. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can detect, isolate, and tolerate a strain gauge grid debonding fault and can be applied in an online SHM self‐diagnosis sensor scenario.     

A vacuum sensor using field emitters made by multiwalled carbon nanotube yarns

A newly developed vacuum sensor using carbon nanotube (CNT) field-emission has been designed. The fabricated device is an ionization gauge with a silk-like CNT yarn cathode, and the vacuum is indicated by the ratio of the ion current to the electron-emission current. The metrological characteristics of the sensor were studied in a dynamic vacuum system. It showed good linearity ranged from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Pa. Taking advantage of the field-emission cathode, the power consumption is only about 5.5 mW. Moreover, comparing it to the conventional thermionic cathode, the CNT yarn cathode is more miniature and a cold cathode with no obvious thermal outgassing effect. Due to these features, the sensor described here could have potential applications in measuring vacuum inside sealed and miniaturized devices.