新型协同转动六节点三边形复合材料壳单元

为分析复合材料层合板壳结构,提出了一种协同转动六节点三边形复合材料曲壳单元。不同于现有的其它协同转动有限单元:1) 该单元中采用了增量可加的矢量型转动变量,因而在非线性增量求解过程中更新节点转动变量非常简单;2) 在计算应变能对局部节点变量的二阶偏微分时,微分的次序是可以交换的,并且通过链式微分计算应变能对整体节点变量的二阶偏微分时,微分的次序也是可以交换的,因此,得到的局部和整体坐标系下的切线刚度矩阵都是对称的;3) 在此有限单元公式中引入了混合公式法,以减轻膜闭锁和剪切闭锁的不利影响。对4个典型算例进行了分析,并与其他文献的结果进行对比,该文提出的单元的可靠性和计算效率得到了验证。     

用于光滑/非光滑壳的稳定化新型协同转动4节点四边形壳单元

该文发展了一种适用于光滑壳和非光滑壳的新型协同转动4节点四边形壳单元。在单元中每个节点采用了3个平动自由度和2/3个矢量型转动自由度,每个光滑壳的节点或非光滑壳的非交界节点采用壳中性面法向矢量的2个最小分量作为矢量型转动变量,在非光滑壳中性面交界线上的节点采用3个矢量型转动变量,他们分别是节点定向矢量组中一个定向矢量的较小或最小分量和另一定向矢量的2个最小分量。在非线性增量求解过程中,这些矢量型转动变量可以采用简单的加法将增量累加到原矢量中直接进行更新,且采用了协同转动框架的单元在局部和整体坐标系下得到的切线刚度矩阵都是对称的,结构整体切线刚度矩阵可以采用一维线性存储,可节省大量的计算机存储资源和计算时间。为消除膜闭锁和剪切闭锁的不利影响,采用单点积分方案计算单元内力矢量和切线刚度矩阵,并借鉴Belytschko提出的物理稳定化零能模态控制法来消除可能出现的零能模态。通过对2个光滑壳和2个非光滑壳进行非线性分析,检验了单元的可靠性、计算效率与计算精度。     

稳定化的新型协同转动四边形曲壳单元

发展了一种新型协同转动9节点四边形曲壳单元。在单元中采用了矢量型转动变量,它们是节点处中性面法向矢量的两个较小分量,在增量求解过程中它们的增量是采用简单的加法直接累加的,因此在更新切线刚度矩阵时可以提高单元计算效率和简化计算过程。不同于现有的其它协同转动有限元公式,本单元的切线刚度矩阵可以通过计算应变能或能量混合泛函对节点变量的二次微分得到,且节点变量的微分次序是可以互换的,因而得到的单元切线刚度矩阵是对称的。为消除或减轻闭锁现象的不利影响,采用了降阶积分法来计算单元内力矢量和切线刚度矩阵,并采用稳定化方法消除可能出现的伪零能模态。多个算例的分析结果表明:本文发展的9节点四边形曲壳单元的可靠性、收敛性和计算精度是令人满意的。     

四边形八节点共旋法平面单元的几何非线性分析

不同于大部分共旋法研究中所选取的局部坐标系原点及采用的几何一致性原则,该文通过改变局部坐标系原点位置,基于场一致性原则,采用共旋坐标法导出了四边形八节点平面单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,该单元刚度矩阵虽然不对称,但计算量能明显减少,这在非线性计算中对于减小由于计算机位数限制带来的累积舍入误差和...     

大转动平面梁有限元分析的共旋坐标法

虽然大转动平面梁单元已有很多,但其中许多太复杂,缺乏计算效率,值得改进。采用共旋坐标法准确的首次导出了平面梁单元发生大转动小应变时的非对称单元切线刚度矩阵,利用这一非对称的单元切线刚度矩阵由Newton-Raphson迭代法编制了一个FORTRAN程序NPFSAP,并获得了大转动梁、方形和圆形框架的高精度数值解,表明了这种非线性单元列式的正确性和非线性求解过程的收敛性,非对称单元切线刚度矩阵值得推介。     

基于场一致性的可带铰空间梁元几何非线性分析

虽然关于几何非线性分析的空间梁单元研究成果较多,但这些单元均是基于几何一致性得到的单元刚度矩阵,而基于场一致性的单元研究则较少,该文基于局部坐标系(随转坐标系)下扣除结构位移中的刚体位移得到的结构变形与结构坐标系下的总位移的关系,直接利用微分方法导出两者增量位移之间的关系,再基于场一致性原则,最终获得空间梁单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,在此基础上根据带铰梁端受力特征,导出了能考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式,利用该文的研究成果编制了程序,对多个梁端带铰和不带铰的算例进行了空间几何非线性分析,计算结果表明这种非线性单元列式的正确性,实用价值较强。     

基于静力凝聚的高精度变截面梁单元及其几何非线性分析研究

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁单元基本假定,通过静力凝聚获得截面特性沿单元轴向连续变化的变截面梁单元高精度刚度矩阵,并提出一种基于随动坐标法求解变截面梁杆结构大位移、大转动、小应变问题的新思路。首先依据插值理论和非线性有限元理论推导出三节点变截面梁单元的切线刚度矩阵,然后使用静力凝聚方法消除中间节点自由度,从而得到一种新型非线性两节点变截面梁单元。结合随动坐标法,在变形后位形上建立随动坐标系,得到变截面梁单元的大位移全量平衡方程。实例计算表明,该新型变截面梁单元具有较高的计算精度,可应用于变截面梁杆系统大位移几何非线性分析。     

改进共旋坐标法的Timoshenko梁单元非线性分析

为提高空间Timoshenko梁单元非线性问题的计算精度,在共旋坐标法的基础上,提出了一种改进的Timoshenko梁单元几何非线性分析方法。利用虚功原理得到改进空间梁单元的刚度矩阵;使用有限质点法中的逆向运动思路计算单元局部坐标系下的刚体旋转矩阵;根据整体坐标系与局部坐标系之间旋转角度的转化以及微分关系,求得空间梁单元的切线刚度矩阵;编制了相应的有限元程序,对多个经典的大变形结构进行几何非线性分析。计算结果印证了该文所提出改进方法的正确性,同时与传统共旋坐标法相比,具有更高的精度。     

基于混合单元法的预应力混凝土梁非线性分析

利用共旋坐标法提出了一种预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性分析的混合单元模型,在随转坐标系内,采用分层梁单元来模拟混凝土结构,带初应变的杆单元来模拟预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋杆元和混凝土梁元的变形协调则通过非线性刚臂来实现,通过刚臂单元两端节点位移和力的关系形成预应力钢筋对混合单元刚度矩阵的贡献,从而导出随转坐标系下预应力混凝土梁考虑材料非线性的切线刚度矩阵,几何非线性则由单元随转坐标系到结构坐标系的转换矩阵及其微分来体现,从而获得结构坐标系下混合单元模型的几何与材料双非线性切线刚度矩阵。数个钢筋混凝土及预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性分析算例表明:所提出的混合单元模型能较好地分析预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性性能,具有一定的实用价值。     

充气薄膜褶皱分析的高效互补有限元列式

褶皱变形是柔性薄膜结构的一种常见的失稳模式,其数值模拟具有挑战性。基于连续体和张力场理论,提出了一种适用于充气薄膜结构褶皱分析的互补共旋有限元方法。采用共旋坐标法,将物体的大变形分解为结构整体坐标系下的刚体运动和单元局部坐标系下小应变变形,推导了一个空间三节点三角形膜单元的切线刚度矩阵。该刚度矩阵包含材料刚度、旋转刚度和平衡投影刚度矩阵三个部分,涵盖了随动载荷对单元刚度的影响。在单元局部坐标系下,依据双模量材料本构关系构造了一个褶皱模型,能够判断单元处于“张紧”“褶皱”或“松弛”状态。进一步通过建立等价的线性互补问题,消除了迭代求解过程中的内力振荡,改善了算法的稳定性。数值算例表明:该文方法能够准确地预测充气薄膜结构的位移、应力以及褶皱区域。较之已有的“拟动态”和“惩罚”方法,该方法不需要引入额外的求解技术来保证收敛,具有良好的稳定性。     

An efficient co‐rotational formulation for curved triangular shell element

A 6‐node curved triangular shell element formulation based on a co‐rotational framework is proposed to solve large‐displacement and large‐rotation problems, in which part of the rigid‐body translations and all rigid‐body rotations in the global co‐ordinate system are excluded in calculating the element strain energy. Thus, an element‐independent formulation is achieved. Besides three translational displacement variables, two components of the mid‐surface normal vector at each node are defined as vectorial rotational variables; these two additional variables render all nodal variables additive in an incremental solution procedure. To alleviate the membrane and shear locking phenomena, the membrane strains and the out‐of‐plane shear strains are replaced with assumed strains in calculating the element strain energy. The strategy used in the mixed interpolation of tensorial components approach is employed in defining the assumed strains. The internal force vector and the element tangent stiffness matrix are obtained from calculating directly the first derivative and second derivative of the element strain energy with respect to the nodal variables, respectively. Different from most other existing co‐rotational element formulations, all nodal variables in the present curved triangular shell formulation are commutative in calculating the second derivative of the strain energy; as a result, the element tangent stiffness matrix is symmetric and is updated by using the total values of the nodal variables in an incremental solution procedure. Such update procedure is advantageous in solving dynamic problems. Finally, several elastic plate and shell problems are solved to demonstrate the reliability, efficiency, and convergence of the present formulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A 9-node co-rotational quadrilateral shell element

A new 9-node co-rotational curved quadrilateral shell element formulation is presented in this paper. Different from other existing co-rotational element formulations: (1) Additive rotational nodal variables are utilized in the present formulation, they are two well-chosen components of the mid-surface normal vector at each node, and are additive in an incremental solution procedure; (2) the internal force vector and the element tangent stiffness matrix are respectively the first derivative and the second derivative of the element strain energy with respect to the nodal variables, furthermore, all nodal variables are commutative in calculating the second derivatives, resulting in symmetric element tangent stiffness matrices in the local and global coordinate systems; (3) the element tangent stiffness matrix is updated using the total values of the nodal variables in an incremental solution procedure, making it advantageous for solving dynamic problems. Finally, several examples are solved to verify the reliability and computational efficiency of the proposed element formulation.     

A four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element using vectorial rotational variables

A four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element is presented. The local coordinate system of the element is defined by the two bisectors of the diagonal vectors generated from the four corner nodes and their cross product. This local coordinate system rotates rigidly with the element but does not deform with the element. As a result, the element rigid‐body rotations are excluded in calculating the local nodal variables from the global nodal variables. The two smallest components of each nodal orientation vector are defined as rotational variables, leading to the desired additive property for all nodal variables in a nonlinear incremental solution procedure. Different from other existing corotational finite‐element formulations, the resulting element tangent stiffness matrix is symmetric owing to the commutativity of the local nodal variables in calculating the second derivative of strains with respect to these variables. For elastoplastic analyses, the Maxwell–Huber–Hencky–von Mises yield criterion is employed, together with the backward‐Euler return‐mapping method, for the evaluation of the elastoplastic stress state; the consistent tangent modulus matrix is derived. To eliminate locking problems, we use the assumed strain method. Several elastic patch tests and elastoplastic plate/shell problems undergoing large deformation are solved to demonstrate the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A stabilized co‐rotational curved quadrilateral composite shell element

A new curved quadrilateral composite shell element using vectorial rotational variables is presented. An advanced co‐rotational framework defined by the two vectors generated by the four corner nodes is employed to extract pure element deformation from large displacement/rotation problems, and thus an element‐independent formulation is obtained. The present line of formulation differs from other co‐rotational formulations in that (i) all nodal variables are additive in an incremental solution procedure, (ii) the resulting element tangent stiffness is symmetric, and (iii) is updated using the total values of the nodal variables, making solving dynamic problems highly efficient. To overcome locking problems, uniformly reduced integration is used to compute the internal force vector and the element tangent stiffness matrix. A stabilized assumed strain procedure is employed to avoid spurious zero‐energy modes. Several examples involving composite plates and shells with large displacements and large rotations are presented to testify to the reliability, computational efficiency, and accuracy of the present formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于共旋三角形厚薄通用壳元的几何非线性分析

基于共旋列式方法发展了一种用于复合材料层合板结构几何非线性分析的简单高效的三结点三角形平板壳元。该壳元由具有面内转动自由度的广义协调膜元GT9与假设剪切应变场和假设单元转角场的广义协调厚薄通用板元TMT组合而成。为避免薄膜闭锁而采用单点积分计算与薄膜应变有关的项, 同时增加一个稳定化矩阵以消除单点积分导致的零能模式。基于层合板一阶剪切变形理论, 给出了考虑层合板具体铺层顺序的修正的横向剪切刚度, 使该壳元可用于中厚层合板结构的分析。由于共旋列式大转动小应变的假设, 共旋列式内核的几何线性的单元刚阵可仅计算一次而保存下来用于整个几何非线性求解的过程以提高计算效率。数值算例表明提出的壳元进行包括复合材料层合板结构的厚薄壳结构的几何非线性分析的精度高且效率高。     

An improved solid‐shell element based on ANS and EAS concepts

This paper presents an eight‐node nonlinear solid‐shell element for static problems. The main goal of this work is to develop a solid‐shell formulation with improved membrane response compared with the previous solid‐shell element (MOS2013), presented in 1 . Assumed natural strain concept is implemented to account for the transverse shear and thickness strains to circumvent the curvature thickness and transverse shear locking problems. The enhanced assumed strain approach based on the Hu–Washizu variational principle with six enhanced assumed strain degrees of freedom is applied. Five extra degrees of freedom are applied on the in‐plane strains to improve the membrane response and one on the thickness strain to alleviate the volumetric and Poisson's thickness locking problems. The ensuing element performs well in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane responses, besides the simplicity of implementation. The element formulation yields exact solutions for both the membrane and bending patch tests. The formulation is extended to the geometrically nonlinear regime using the corotational approach, explained in 2 . Numerical results from benchmarks show the robustness of the formulation in geometrically linear and nonlinear problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mesh-free method for analysis of the thermal and mechanical buckling of functionally graded cylindrical shell panels

The buckling response of functionally graded ceramic-metal cylindrical shell panels under axial compression and thermal load is presented here. The formulation is based on the first-order shear deformation shell theory and element-free kp-Ritz method. The material properties of shell panels are assumed to vary through their thickness direction according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of constituents. Approximations of the displacement field are expressed in terms of a set of mesh-free kernel particle functions. A stabilized conforming nodal integration approach is employed to estimate the bending stiffness, and the shear and membrane terms are evaluated using a direct nodal integration technique to eliminate membrane and shear locking for very thin shells. The mechanical and thermal buckling responses of functionally graded shell panels are investigated, and the influences of the volume fraction exponent, boundary conditions, and temperature distribution on their buckling strengths are also examined.