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1.
钛吸氢、氘和氚的动力学同位素效应研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
应用反应速率分析方法,在高真空金属系统上测定了钛在恒容体系和550℃~750℃范围内吸收氢、氘和氚的P-t曲线,并由此计算了各自在不同温度的速率常数,得到钛吸氢、氘和氚的表观活化能分别为(55.6±2.4)kJ/mol、(110.2±3.0)kJ/mol和(155.5±3.2)kJ/mol.钛吸氚的表观活化能最高,钛吸氢的表观活化能最低,表现出显著的动力学同位素效应,表明钛吸氚进行氚化反应较氘化和氢化更难于进行.  相似文献   

2.
表面氧污染的钛膜,其吸氢能力比清洁钛膜降低达数倍之多。在厚度d为40nm,表面氧污染的钛膜表面上,重新蒸镀一层极薄的(约1.2nm)清洁钛膜,吸氢、释氢的测量表明其吸氢能力得到恢复。另外,还对其他四块不同厚度的钛膜,在表面清洁及氧污染的条件下,分别进行了吸氢能力实验。实验结果证实:氧污染降低钛膜吸氢能力的原因是使钛膜上氢分子解离的位置减少,而不是扩散阻挡层的作用。  相似文献   

3.
氢在钢中晶格间隙和氢陷阱之间的扩散模式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
氢在晶格间隙和陷阱点的扩散包括:氢在晶格间隙之间的扩散,氢从晶格间隙扩散到陷阱点,氢从陷阱点逃逸到晶格间隙的过程。本文运用气体在金属中的扩散理论,分析了氢在钢中晶格间隙和氢陷阱之间的扩散模式,以及通过扩散在两者之间建立的平衡状态。氢陷阱中氢浓度随时间的变化率等于晶格间隙的氢扩散到陷阱点引起的氢浓度变化率减去陷阱点中氢逃逸到晶格间隙引起的氢浓度变化率,其数学关系式符合McNabb和Foster建立的氢陷阱模型。氢在晶格间隙和陷阱点之间的平衡,实质是氢在晶格间隙的化学势μL和氢在陷阱点的化学势μT之间达到局部平衡,氢在陷阱中的占据分数很低的情况下(θT《1),氢的有效扩散系数Deff的表达式是与陷阱结合能EB有关的温度函数。  相似文献   

4.
表面氧污染影响钛膜吸氢量的机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
表面氧污染的钛膜,其吸氢能力比清洁钛膜降低达数倍之多,在厚度d为40nm,表面氧污染的钛膜表面上,重新蒸镀一层极薄的(约1.2nm)清洁钛膜,吸氢,释氢的测量表明其吸氢能力得到恢复。另外,还对其他四块不同厚度的钛膜,在表面清洁及氧污染的条件下,分别进行了吸氢能力实验,实验结果证实,氧污染降低钛氢能力的原因是使钛膜土氢分子解离的位置减少,而不是扩散阻挡层的作用。  相似文献   

5.
梁斌斌  阙骥  杨洪广 《材料导报》2016,30(18):38-41
研究了退火热处理对LaNi_(4.25)Al_(0.75)合金吸放氢性能和晶体结构的影响。研究表明,退火处理具有降低合金吸放氢P-C-T曲线平台区斜率的作用。在1273K退火,合金的晶体结构并没有改变,热处理前后都属于六方晶系CaCu_5型,但晶格常数和晶胞体积发生了变化,随着退火温度升高,晶格常数a增大,晶胞体积V增大。退火热处理可显著改善LaNi_(4.25)Al_(0.75)合金吸放氢性能,1273K下12h热处理条件有望成为LaNiAl系列储氢合金工业应用热处理的工艺规范。  相似文献   

6.
为寻求一种防止因表面污染而导致钛膜吸氢能力下降的途径,用表面分析方法检测样品表面状态,用质谱仪测量样品吸氧能力,研究了表面状态和吸氢能力的相互关系。采用在钛膜上淀积钯膜(蒸发或溅射)的方法,可使受碳、氧污染的钛膜吸氢能力得以恢复。这种钯/钛复合结构在吸氢能力上对碳、氧污染并不灵敏。对样品的近费米能级处的占有电子态密度(densityofstate,DOS)的测量证明,凡吸氢能力良好的样品,DOS呈峰形结构。具有抗污染能力的钯/钛结构,其DOS因污染而导致的变化很小,而无抗污染能力的钛膜,其峰形结构受污染作用而消失。这种峰形结构能提供氢分子解离吸附过程中所需的电子。  相似文献   

7.
Mo含量对Ti-Mo氢化物的结构及热稳定性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用磁悬浮熔炼技术制备了固溶体合金Ti Mox(x=0.03,0.13,0.25,0.50,1.00,钼钛原子比),室温下活化后的Ti Mox合金在0.02 MPa下迅速吸氢并达到平衡。采用X射线衍射和TG-DSC分析技术对吸氢产物的物相结构和热稳定性进行了测试。作为比较,对吸氢前的合金作了XRD结构分析。结果表明:Ti Mo0.03吸氢后析出大量的Ti H2,并有少量bcc(β-Ti)含氢固溶体存在。x大于0.13时,合金为单一的β-Ti结构,吸氢产物由fcc(γ-Ti)氢化物和β-Ti氢固溶体组成,晶格参数增加至0.330nm,钼含量较少的β-Ti氢固溶体发生相变生成γ-Ti氢化物,Mo含量增加,γ-Ti氢化物含量逐渐减少。β-Ti氢固溶体,γ-Ti氢化物的热解析温度随着Mo含量的增加逐渐降低,说明Mo含量的增加会降低氢化物的稳定性,不利于氢在合金间隙中的储存。  相似文献   

8.
通过压力组成等温曲线测试仪(PCT)测试了工业海绵钛在400~600℃温度下的吸放氢特性。应用反应速率分析方法计算了实验温度下的反应速率常数,并通过阿伦尼乌斯方程计算出实验条件下海绵钛吸放氢表观活化能。经过完全活化后,海绵钛吸氢表观活化能为(34.42±0.02)kJ/mol,氢化钛粉的脱氢表观活化能为(29.93±0.01)kJ/mol。这个结果表明,氢原子在金属相间的扩散速率是控制海绵钛氢化与脱氢反应的主要因素。  相似文献   

9.
研究了热电化学方程在金属氢化物半电池体系中的应用,考察了荷电状态(SOC)对贮氢材料热电化学性能的影响,结果表明:在相同的SOC点(50%SOC),贮氢电极放氢反应焓变的绝对值略小于吸氢反应焓变的绝对值,电极进行放氢反应时的电极内阻小于其进行吸氢反应时的电极内阻;荷电状态对贮氢电极吸、放氢反应焓变均有很大的影响,当荷电状态小于10%时或者大于60%时,电极吸、放氢反应焓变变化都很大,当荷电状态在10%到60%之间时,吸、放氢反应焓变均趋于恒定,这与P-C-T曲线非常相似,二者均存在一个平台;荷电状态对贮氢电极吸、放氢反应时的电极内阻也有很大的影响,随着贮氢电极充填氢程度的提高,无论是发生吸氢反应还是放氢反应,电极内阻都有增加的趋势。  相似文献   

10.
严义刚  陈云贵  闫康平  郑群 《功能材料》2004,35(Z1):1919-1921
研究了Al对TiFe0.9Mn0.1合金贮氢性能的影响.添加铝后,合金的饱和吸氢量降低,当铝添加量为0.3%、0.6%和1.0%(原子分数)时,饱和吸氢量分别达到TiFe0.9Mn0.1合金的97.6%、95.1%和82.9%.同时铝添加后,合金的平台压力升高,平台斜度增加.XRD衍射发现,随着铝的加入,合金晶格常数即晶胞体积下降.SEM扫描及EDAX能谱分析发现合金晶界上存在高钛相.铝的添加造成合金吸氢量的下降与合金晶胞体积的减小有关.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.  相似文献   

12.
13.
A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.  相似文献   

14.
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……  相似文献   

15.
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……  相似文献   

16.
A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.  相似文献   

17.
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.  相似文献   

18.
The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...  相似文献   

19.
Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.  相似文献   

20.
Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.  相似文献   

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