一种基于Yeoh函数的非线性粘超弹本构模型及其在冲击仿真中的应用

以粘超弹理论为基础,将L M Yang等提出的本构模型中Rivlin函数改进为Yeoh,提出了一种基于Yeoh函数的描述橡胶材料中高应变率效应的粘超弹本构模型,该模型以左Cauchy变形张量B第一不变量I1^B作为唯一变量,简化了原模型结构,并开发了相应模型的ABAQUS软件材料用户子程序（VUMAT）。通过高应变率橡胶垫片及中低应变率橡胶缓冲器的冲击试验与数值仿真对比,验证了本构模型及材料用户子程序的有效性与实用性。     

基于Exp-ln模型与广义黏弹性理论的橡胶本构模型及其应用研究

提出了一种描述橡胶材料不同应变率下力学响应的黏超弹本构模型。首先,利用Instron实验机和SHTB实验装置,开展橡胶材料单轴拉伸实验;其次,结合Exp-ln超弹性本构模型和广义黏弹性方法,建立了橡胶材料黏超弹本构模型;再次,推导本构模型三维增量格式,编写了用户子程序(VUMAT),验证了本构模型的一维和三维有效性;最后,建立橡胶底座冲击附加载荷计算数值模型,并将冲击附加载荷实验与数值仿真进行对比验证。结果表明:单轴拉伸实验与数值解吻合较好,冲击附加载荷实验值与仿真值误差约为7%,验证了黏超弹本构模型的正确性。     

中高应变率和不同温度下离子型中间膜的拉伸力学性能及本构关系

为系统研究中高应变率和不同温度下离子型中间膜的拉伸力学性能,进行了1 s?1~800 s?1和?40 ℃~60 ℃下的系列动态拉伸试验。基于试验结果,确定了离子型中间膜的关键力学参数,并着重分析了温度和应变率的影响:随着应变率的升高和温度的降低,离子型中间膜的初始弹性模量、屈服强度和抗拉强度均普遍提高,但极限应变有所降低。基于G’SELL本构模型,建立了离子型中间膜的本构关系,根据试验结果标定了模型参数,模型预测结果与试验曲线吻合较好。采用应力补偿更新算法开发了用户子程序,实现了该文所提出的本构关系在LS-DYNA中的应用,并通过数值结果与试验结果的比较验证了用户子程序的有效性。     

隔振橡胶本构建模研究

提出适合描述隔振橡胶在宽频振动时力学行为的本构模型。本构模型包含超弹性和粘弹性两个部分，超弹性部分表征橡胶材料的静态特性；非线性粘弹性部分描述橡胶材料在振动、冲击载荷下的动态响应。基于该本构模型，对橡胶材料在宽应变率范围内进行试验，九个材料参数通过高、低应变率下的试验数据拟合确定。模型预测结果与试验结果是相当吻合的。     

弹射冲击载荷作用下沥青混凝土路面面层的损伤

沥青混凝土作为一种粘弹性材料一般只研究其疲劳损伤特性,冲击损伤研究较少。针对路面在弹射载荷作用下产生中低应变率响应的特点,采用Cauchy应变表达的三维简化ZWT(朱-王-唐)非线性粘弹本构模型以及应变率相关的损伤演化模型,建立了增量形式并将Kirchhoff应力转化为Cauchy应力,编写用户材料子程序嵌入有限元软件中。推导了恒应变率条件下含损伤的简化ZWT本构表达式,使用最小二乘法拟合出本构参数。分析了沥青混凝土场坪面层的冲击损伤,阐明了损伤变化规律、分布规律,为发射场坪的选择提供了一定参考。     

粘弹基体形状记忆合金梁弯曲的仿真分析

应用BRINSON[1]的形状记忆合金(SMA)一维本构模型及相变动力关系,编写ABAQUS中相应的UMAT子程序,使形状记忆合金成为ABAQUS可处理的材料之一。首先计算单根形状记忆合金丝在不同温度下的应力-应变曲线,约束条件下的温度-应力曲线及循环加载下的应力-应变曲线,验证了UMAT程序的正确性。然后用UTRS子程序引入基体梁的热粘弹性质。使用ABAQUS对形状记忆合金丝加强的环氧树脂梁在侧向载荷下的变形进行仿真分析,计算结果与前期研究得到的试验结果很吻合。      

弯曲型橡胶缓冲器冲击试验与数值仿真

通常进行橡胶缓冲器的冲击有限元数值分析时，由于橡胶材料的应变率效应，需要采用材料动态本构模型。但是对于受冲击载荷的弯曲型橡胶缓冲器，根据弯曲型结构力学特点，提出采用准静态超弹材料模型替代复杂的超-粘弹动态模型进行有限元数值冲击分析的思路。通过鼓型弯曲结构橡胶缓冲器水下爆炸冲击试验，对比基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS进行的弯曲型橡胶缓冲器爆炸冲击仿真（准静态材料模型），验证上述思路的合理性与有效性。研究结果表明，该思路为类似的弯曲型橡胶缓冲器的冲击有限元数值仿真提供了一种简单、合理的工程设计借鉴。     

铝合金7050-T7451高温高应变率本构方程及修正

通过分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)及准静态压缩实验研究铝合金7050-T7451高温高应变率下流变应力特征,利用准静态实验数据获得本构方程应变强化参数,利用SHPB实验数据获得室温下不同应变率(400～2500s-1)的应变率强化参数,以及应变率为2500s-1不同温度下(250～600℃)的热软化参数。利用不同幂次多项式对Johnson-Cook本构方程的热软化项拟合,最终选择五次多项式作为修正后本构方程热软化项。利用修正后本构方程对不同温度条件下应力-应变曲线进行预测,实验数据与预测曲线表现出良好一致性。     

高温下地聚合物混凝土损伤演化及动态本构模型研究

采用高温SHPB试验系统对高温下地质聚合物混凝土(Geopolymeric Concrete, GC)损伤演化规律及本构模型进行试验研究。结果表明,高温下GC主要力学性能指标呈显著的应变率强化效应及温度弱化效应;利用波阻抗衡量GC的高温损伤可行、有效,所得损伤演化规律能较好表征GC损伤实际情况;以静力本构模型为基础,通过引入应变率强化因子及温度弱化因子构建GC动态损伤本构模型,通过试验结果标定参数,可获得较准确的地质聚合物混凝土动态损伤本构模型。     

动力荷载下聚氨酯泡沫材料本构关系研究进展

聚氨酯泡沫材料是一种应用广泛、应变率敏感、静水压力相关的多孔介质材料。文中综述了近年来国内外聚氨酯泡沫材料本构关系的研究进展。通过对几种应变率相关的本构模型,如粘弹、粘弹塑性等类型本构进展的介绍,分析了这些本构的特点和适用范围。根据已有的实验和本构关系,指出建立聚氨酯泡沫材料动态本构关系过程中需要考虑的主要问题,最后展望了聚氨酯泡沫材料的本构关系发展趋势。     

泡沫硅橡胶动态力学性能的实验研究

泡沫硅橡胶在缓冲减振方面有独特的优良性能,但由于它是一种柔性材料,波速和波阻抗均极低,因此实验研究其动态力学性能具有很大困难,本文首次实现了利用霍普金森压杆技术对泡沫硅橡胶作冲击压缩实验,得到了高应变率下的应力￣应变曲线,结果表明,该材料具有强烈的应变率敏感性。     

The effect of heat developed during high strain rate deformation on the constitutive modeling of amorphous polymers

An adiabatic constitutive model is proposed for large strain deformation of polycarbonate (PC) at high strain rates. When the strain rate is sufficiently high such that the heat generated does not have time to transfer to the surroundings, temperature of material rises. The high strain rate deformation behavior of polymers is significantly affected by temperature-dependent constants and thermal softening. Based on the isothermal model which first was introduced by Mulliken and Boyce et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct. 43:1331-1356, 2006), an adiabatic model is proposed to predict the yield and post-yield behavior of glassy polymers at high strain rates. When calculating the heat generated and the temperature changes during the step by step simulation of the deformation, temperature-dependent elastic constants are incorporated to the constitutive equations. Moreover, better prediction of softening phenomena is achieved by the new definition for softening parameters of the proposed model. The constitutive model has been implemented numerically into a commercial finite element code through a user material subroutine (VUMAT). The experimental results, obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar, are supported by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Decompose/Shift/Reconstruct (DSR) method. Comparison of adiabatic model predictions with experimental data demonstrates the ability of the model to capture the characteristic features of stress–strain curve of the material at very high strain rates.     

Correlation between the accuracy of a SHPB test and the stress uniformity based on numerical experiments

Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has become a frequently used technique to measure the uniaxial compressive stress–strain relation of various engineering materials at high strain rate. Using the strain records on incident and transmitter bars, the average stress, strain and strain rate histories within the specimen can be calculated by SHPB formulae based on one-dimensional wave propagation theory. The accuracy of a SHPB test is based on the assumption of stress and strain uniformity within the specimen, which, however, is not always satisfied in an actual SHPB test due to the existence of some unavoidable negative factors, e.g., friction and specimen size effects. Two coefficients are introduced in the present paper to measure the stress uniformity in axial and radial directions of the specimen in a numerical SHPB test. It is shown that the accuracy of a SHPB test can be correlated to these two stress uniformity coefficients. An assessment and correction procedure for SHPB test results is illustrated through a numerical example.     

应变率对钢筋混凝土框架结构地震作用下灾变过程影响研究

开发了ABAQUS显式用户材料子程序VUMAT,该程序可以考虑材料应变率效应的影响。通过对钢筋混凝土柱的动态和静态加载试验进行模拟,验证了子程序的可靠性。通过对某四层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行增量动力时程分析,研究了材料的应变率效应对结构最大顶点位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移、结构的能力曲线、结构的抗倒塌能力和倒塌模式的影响。研究表明,考虑材料的应变率效应后,结构的最大顶点位移和最大层间位移大多数情况下会减小,结构最大层间位移的应变率效应更为明显;当地震波增强到使结构接近于发生倒塌时,结构的最大顶点位移和最大层间位移均明显减小;随着地震波强度的增强,应变率对结构响应的影响趋于明显;结构的抗倒塌能力有一定程度的提高,但连续性倒塌过程基本不变。     

高温后混凝土的SHPB试验研究

采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,简称SHPB）试验装置,对常温和经历200 ℃、400 ℃、600 ℃、800 ℃高温作用后的混凝土进行了冲击压缩试验,得到了动态压缩应力-应变曲线,分析了弹速、温度对平均应变率的影响以及温度、平均应变率对动态抗压强度的影响。结果表明：弹速与平均应变率之间、平均应变率与动态抗压强度之间都近似呈线性关系。温度对混凝土动态性能影响显著,在相同弹速下与常温情况相比,200 ℃时平均应变率有所提高、动态抗压强度有所降低,400 ℃时与常温接近,400 ℃以后平均应变率随着温度增加而提高,而动态抗压强度随着温度的增加而急剧下降,至800 ℃不足常温试件的30%。高温将降低混凝土的应变率敏感性,其中以400 ℃降低最为明显。     

Transverse impact damage and energy absorption of 3-D multi-structured knitted composite

Knitted composites have higher failure deformation and energy absorption capacity under impact than other textile structural composites because of the yarn loop structures in knitted performs. Here we report the transverse impact behavior of a new kind of 3-D multi-structured knitted composite both in experimental and finite element simulation. The knitted composite is composed of two knitted fabrics: biaxial warp knitted fabric and interlock knitted fabric. The transverse impact behaviors of the 3-D knitted composite were tested with a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. The load–displacement curves and damage morphologies were obtained to analyze the energy absorptions and impact damage mechanisms of the composite under different impact velocities. A unit-cell model based on the microstructure of the 3-D knitted composite was established to determine the composite deformation and damage when the composite impacted by a hemisphere-ended steel rod. Incorporated with the unit-cell model, a elasto-plastic constitute equation of the 3-D knitted composite and the critical damage area (CDA) failure theory of composites have been implemented as a vectorized user defined material law (VUMAT) for ABAQUS/Explicit. The load–displacement curves, impact deformations and damages obtained from FEM are compared with those in experimental. The good agreements of the comparisons prove the validity of the unit-cell model and user-defined subroutine VUMAT. This manifests the applicability of the VUMAT to characterization and design of the 3-D multi-structured knitted composite structures under other impulsive loading conditions.     

高温下混凝土SHPB动态力学性能试验研究

采用霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验装置和高温炉进行了高温下普通混凝土的抗冲击性能试验研究,通过比较实测动态强度和应力-应变曲线,揭示了温度和应变率对高温下混凝土动态力学性能的影响规律.试验结果表明:除200℃~300℃范围外,高温下混凝土具有显著的应变率效应,且温度越高动态应变率效应越显著;温度和应变率对混凝土归一化应力-应变关系曲线上升段的形状影响很小,可采用统一的函数形式.200℃~300℃低温区混凝土不仅无明显动态效应,且存在静力强度衰减现象,此特性需引起注意并有待进一步研究.     

新型碳酚醛材料动静态力学性能和本构关系研究

研究了碳纤维增强酚醛复合材料在不同温度下的动静态压缩力学性能，碳酚醛材料不但是应变率敏感材料，也是温度相关材料；提出了一个非线性粘弹性本构方程，通过对实验应力-应变曲线的拟合给出了本构方程的材料参数，讨论了温度对本构方程参数的影响；分析了材料力学行为的时温等效性，给出了不同加载条件下的时温等效曲线。     

Impact Damage of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composite Circular Plates

The damages of 3D orthogonal woven composite circular plate under quasi-static indentation and transverse impact were tested with Materials Test System (MTS) and modified split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) apparatus. The load vs. displacement curves during quasi-static penetration and impact were obtained to study the energy absorption of the composite plate. The fluctuation of the impact stress waves has been unveiled. Differences of the load-displacement curves between the quasi-static and impact loading are discussed. This work also aims at establishing a unit-cell model to analyze the damage of composites. A user material subroutine which named VUMAT for characterizing the constitutive relationship of the 3-D orthogonal woven composite and the damage evolution is incorporated with a finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit to simulate the impact damage process of the composite plates. From the comparison of the load-displacement curves and energy absorption curves of the composite plate between experimental and FEM simulation, it is shown that the unit-cell model of the 3D woven composite and the VUMAT combined with the ABAQUS/Explicit can calculate the impact responses of the circular plate precisely. Furthermore, the model can also be extended to simulate the impact behavior of the 3D woven composite structures.