无外加酸体系中AlSBA-15为模板,有序介孔炭材料CMK-3的合成与表征

在无外加酸体系中改变晶化温度合成Al SBA-15介孔材料,并以此为刚性模板,蔗糖为碳源,合成出一系列具有不同孔结构的有序介孔炭材料CMK-3,系统考察晶化温度对Al SBA-15和其反相复制结构CMK-3孔道结构的影响。结果显示在无外加酸合成体系中改变晶化温度可对Al SBA-15的孔道结构进行有效调控,通过结构复制技术可制备出具有不同结构的CM K-3。控制刚性模板Al SBA-15的晶化温度为90℃,所得介孔炭材料CM K-3(CM K-3(90))结构最佳,除介孔排列高度有序外,还具有高比表面积(1688 m2·g-1)和大孔容(0.95 cm3·g-1)。另外,对CMK-3的微孔性质与刚性模板孔壁中的次级介孔结构的内在联系进行研究,发现调变刚性模板的晶化温度可以有效改善有序介孔炭材料CMK-3的结构性质。     

一步合成核壳结构ZSM-5/EU-1复合分子筛及其表征

在添加适量柠檬酸的条件下采用双模板剂一步法, 一次晶化合成ZSM-5/EU-1核壳共生复合分子筛, 对其物理化学性质进行表征, 结果显示: 核壳分子筛中存在ZSM-5和EU-1两种分子筛晶相, 且EU-1分子筛在ZSM-5分子筛表面缺陷处外延生长; 复合以后核壳分子筛为微孔-介孔多级孔道结构, 且其微孔孔径达到0.94 nm; 相比于单一分子筛, 核壳分子筛的强酸量相对提高, 酸性质有所改善。通过对柠檬酸加入量、晶化时间影响因素的分析, 得到合成核壳共生结构的最佳条件为: n(citrate)/n(Al₂O₃)=0.8~1.2, 晶化时间为72~96 h, 并推测核壳分子筛可能的生长过程。     

资源化利用铁尾矿制备全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41

以鞍山铁尾矿为硅源,CTAB为模板剂,采用水热合成法合成出全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41。采用X射线衍射分析研究了pH值、CTAB与SiO2配比、晶化温度和晶化时间对MCM-41结构的影响,结果表明MCM-41的合成条件为n（CTAB）/n（SiO2）=0.05～0.60,pH值=8～11,晶化时间〉24h,晶化温度60～100℃。TEM可观察到样品具有典型的按六方对称性排列的孔道结构,孔径在2～4nm变化。FT-IR证明了分子筛具有硅氧四面体骨架。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛和纳米TiO2/MCM-41的合成与结构表征

以工业水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,利用室温晶化法合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法及液相沉积法对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行纳米TiO2的组装。运用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对其结构特征和氧化钛分散状态进行了研究,结果表明：TiO2与MCM-41端基硅氧键反应形成Ti-O-Si键;纳米TiO2不仅进入孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41仍保持有序的孔道结构。     

介孔-微孔复合分子筛的合成及应用研究进展

综述了介孔-微孔复合分子筛的合成方法,分析了各种合成方法的优缺点,首次在乌鲁木齐采用纳米组装法,酸性条件下,以Beta沸石微晶为原料,以P123和正丁醇为介孔导向剂,合成出Beta-KIT-6(BK)介微孔复合材料。并进行了XRD和TEM表征,对Beta-KIT-6的晶型与孔道结构有了更清晰的认识,分析了复合分子筛的应用价值,指出了其在催化和吸附方面的应用前景。     

水蒸气诱导自组装制备介-微孔ZSM-5分子筛的研究

软模板剂方法可以合成介-微孔分子筛,但有些模板剂与硅铝酸盐之间弱的化学结合力导致晶化过程模板剂与合成体系的相分离,结果形成了无定型的介孔材料和微孔分子筛的混合物。采用新的技术路线:通过使用四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)作模板剂,以三嵌段共聚物P123原位植入介孔结构,采用水蒸气诱导干凝胶自组装晶化的方法制备介-微孔ZSM-5分子筛。优点是:大大减少了模板剂的使用量,省去了产品与母液分离的繁琐步骤,无大量废液产生,对环境友好。采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N₂吸附-脱附比表面分析(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高倍透射电镜(TEM)系列表征方法对介-微孔ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,可知样品具有典型的ZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构和明显地介孔孔道。在800 ℃,100%水蒸气条件下经15 h水热老化后,分子筛的比表面积保留率73.44%,孔容保留率74.35%,表明分子筛的水热稳定性良好。     

基于双模板剂B-EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成与表征

首次在Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-TPABr(四丙基溴化铵)-HMBr2(溴化六甲双铵)-H2O合成体系中,以溴化六甲双铵(HMBr2)和四丙基溴化铵(TPABr)为双模板剂,采用一步晶化法合成了具有微-微孔道结构的B-EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛,并通过XRD,FT-IR,SEM等手段对合成样品的物性进行表征;分析发现合成的复合分子筛同时具有ZSM-5和EU-1的特征衍射峰,结晶度较好,是两种晶相相互作用的分子分散晶相材料;通过合成条件的探究,发现复合分子筛的生长过程与两种模板剂的比例有关,在0.2n(四丙基溴化铵)/n(溴化六甲双铵)0.5的范围内是复合分子筛适宜的生长环境,得到合成的最佳条件为:n(四丙基溴化铵)/n(溴化六甲双铵)=0.4,晶化时间72h。     

离子液中介孔TiO2的制备及其形成机理研究

首次以不同咪唑基离子液为结构导向剂，通过水热合成制备出介孔TiO2分子筛。考察了合成条件对产物结构的影响，结果表明，离子液用量、离子液类型、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素对TiO2介孔分子筛的形成和孔道结构均有影响，其中晶化温度及离子液类型的影响最为明显，在较低晶化温度时（100℃）产物孔径分布范围宽，但仍为介孔结构，当温度升高到180℃时，孔径变大并开始失去介孔特征，机理为晶化温度会影响离子液与无机物的相互作用速度，高温时TiO2结晶度也会迅速提高导致失去介孔结构，最佳晶化温度为120℃；咪唑基离子液其碳链长度不同，使用短链离子液时产物无介孔结构，当使用长链离子液时产物孔道结构良好，作为结构导向剂其碳链长度会决定产物孔道生长趋势和长度，最佳离子液类型为[C16MIM]Br．X射线衍射谱（XRD）表明产物为锐钛矿型介孔TiO2；透射电镜（TEM）观察表明产物具有规整的孔道结构（3～4nm），与低温氮吸附法分析结果一致；激光粒度分析表明产物粒度较小（20～40nm）并且分布范围窄。     

ZSM-5分子筛膜/多孔SiSiC陶瓷复合孔结构微反应器的制备

以生物形态多孔SiSiC陶瓷为载体,采用原位水热法在多孔陶瓷微孔道内壁形成了一层2～5μm厚的b轴取向生长的ZSM－5分子筛膜. 利用XRD、SEM EDX、BET分析对复合材料的相组成、微观结构和比表面积进行了表征,研究了水热晶化时间、载体预处理对原位合成分子筛膜的影响. 结果表明,随晶化时间从5h增加到15h,从不连续的单层膜演变到～5μm厚的b轴取向的连续致密多层膜,该膜层是由粒径在1μm左右的ZSM-5分子筛颗粒堆积交联而成. 载体表面Si-OH浓度越高,分子筛膜和载体的结合力越强,但是较难控制分子筛膜的定向生长. ZSM-5/SiSiC复合孔结构材料的微孔体积为0.015cm3/g,BET面积为42.8m2/g,而相应的分子筛负载量为8.6%.     

哈密钾长石合成介孔分子筛及其结构表征

以新疆哈密钾长石为硅源前躯体,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂分别通过高温煅烧与水热法合成了介孔分子筛。采用XRD,SEM,FT-IR,Raman,BET等测试方法表征了两种方法合成的介孔分子筛的微观结构和吸附性能。上述研究结果表明:水热合成法比高温煅烧法合成的介孔分子筛具有较好的微观结构与性能。当其晶化时间为96h,pH为10.5时,合成的介孔分子筛的吸附性能最好。     

NaY/MCM-48复合分子筛的合成与表征

以微孔分子筛NaY为内核, 合成一种中微孔复合分子筛NaY/MCM-48. 通过XRD、SEM、TEM、IR、N_2吸附脱附和TPD等手段对复合材料进行了表征, 此外对复合材料的水热稳定性进行了考察. 研究结果表明, 复合材料同时具有中孔分子筛MCM-48和微孔NaY型沸石的特点, 并且和纯MCM-48分子筛相比孔壁增厚, 孔径变大; 与纯中孔分子筛MCM-48相比, 复合分子筛的酸性明显增强, 并且水热稳定性提高. DFT计算其孔径分布主要集中于1.2和3.2nm.     

Fe(III) containing MCM-48 type mesoporous molecular sieves with framework zeolite secondary building units

Fe(III) containing mesoporous materials (FeMMSH) with zeolite building units were first time synthesized. XRD and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis confirm the mesoporous characters similar to MCM-48. FT-IR analysis of FeMMSH showed an additional band at about 530-550 cm(-1), characteristic of double five-membered ring of zeolite (ZSM-5) secondary building unit. The Fe(III) in FeMMSH materials is present in tetrahedral, and distorted tetrahedral framework are evident from EPR and DRUV-VIS spectra.     

Study on the structural formation of new useful multiporous material ‘nano–meso ZSM-5’ and its application in producing biofuel

New ‘nano–meso ZSM-5’ (NM-ZSM-5) material was successfully synthesised by hydrothermal treatment using silica derived from rice husk. The synthesis of the material involves two steps of crystallisation, including the formation of ZSM-5 zeolite seed and mesoporous structure. The effect of crystallisation time on the formation of mesoporous structure was studied in the range 0–40?h. Samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and ²⁷Al-NMR methods. The results show that the best time for crystallisation is 14?h. The synthesised material has a multiporous structure, including micropore system of ZSM-5 zeolite, mesopore system of MCM-41 and another pore system which has a diameter in the range 10–50?nm (mesoporous system) due to the burning of organic compounds that remain in the material during the calcination process. In addition, the synthesised NM-ZSM-5 achieves crystallinity of approximately 100%. The catalytic performance of NM-ZSM-5 material was evaluated by the catalytic cracking reaction to produce biofuel from vegetable oil sludge. The research proved that NM-ZSM-5 is one of the most suitable catalysts for this process. The catalytic cracking reaction over NM-ZSM-5 yields products that are similar to those of the petroleum cracking process, such as dry gases, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, light cycle oil and heavy cycle oil.     

Electrochemical behavior of two and one electron redox systems adsorbed on to micro- and mesoporous silicate materials: Influence of the channels and the cationic environment of the host materials

Electrochemical behavior of two electron redox system, phenosafranine (PS⁺) adsorbed on to micro- and mesoporous materials is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry using modified micro- and mesoporous host electrodes. Two redox peaks were observed when phenosafranine is adsorbed on the surface of microporous materials zeolite-Y and ZSM-5. However, only a single redox peak was observed in the modified electrode with phenosafranine encapsulated into the mesoporous material MCM-41 and when adsorbed on the external surface of silica. The observed redox peaks for the modified electrodes with zeolite-Y and ZSM-5 host are suggested to be primarily due to consecutive two electron processes. The peak separation ΔE and peak potential of phenosafranine adsorbed on zeolite-Y and ZSM-5 were found to be influenced by the pH of the electrolyte solution. The variation of the peak current in the cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse voltammetry with scan rate shows that electrodic processes are controlled by the nature of the surface of the host material. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants for phenosafranine adsorbed on to micro- and mesoporous materials were calculated using the Laviron model. Higher rate constant observed for the dye encapsulated into the MCM-41 indicates that the one-dimensional channel of the mesoporous material provides a more facile micro-environment for phenosafranine for the electron transfer reaction as compared to the microporous silicate materials. The stability of the modified electrode surface was investigated by multisweep cyclic voltammetry.     

Adsorption performance of VOCs in ordered mesoporous silicas with different pore structures and surface chemistry

Ordered mesoporous silicas with different pore structures, including SBA-15, MCM-41, MCM-48 and KIT-6, were functionalized with phenyltriethoxysilane by a post-synthesis grafting approach. It was found that phenyl groups were covalently anchored onto the surface of mesoporous silicas, and the long-range ordering of the mesoporous channels was well retained after the surface functionalization. The static adsorption of benzene and the dynamic adsorption of single component (benzene) and bicomponent (benzene and cyclohexane) on the original and functionalized materials were investigated. As indicated by the adsorption study, the functionalized silicas exhibit improvement in the surface hydrophobicity and affinity for aromatic compounds as compared with the original silicas. Furthermore, the pore structure and the surface chemistry of materials can significantly influence adsorption performance. A larger pore diameter and cubic pore structure are favorable to surface functionalization and adsorption performance. In particular, the best adsorption performance observed with phenyl-grafted KIT-6 is probably related to the highest degree of surface functionalization, arising from the relatively large mesopores and bi-continuous cubic pore structure which allow great accessibility for the functional groups. In contrast, functionalized MCM-41 exhibits the lowest adsorption efficiency, probably owing to the small size of mesopores and 1D mesoporous channels.     

High-temperature and short-time hydrothermal fabrication of nanostructured ZSM-5 catalyst with suitable pore geometry and strong intrinsic acidity used in methanol to light olefins conversion

High temperature hydrothermal synthesis method was developed to preparation of nanostructured ZSM-5 molecular sieves at short crystallization time. A series of catalysts were synthesized at various temperatures and crystallization times for achievement of pure ZSM-5 phase with MFI structure. The synthesized catalysts were investigated with XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET-BJH, FTIR and TPD-NH₃ techniques. The results revealed that hydrothermal synthesis conditions generally affected the nucleation rate, particle size, textural properties and acidic nature of ZSM-5 catalysts. It was found that pure ZSM-5 materials with high crystallinity could be obtained at specific crystallization conditions of about 300?°C for 1.5?h and also 350?°C for 0.5?h. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature to 350?°C and decreasing the crystallization time to 0.5?h led to the formation of small particles with high specific surface area of 392?m²/g. Furthermore, ammonia TPD spectra showed that ZSM-5(300-1.5) catalyst contained higher amount of acid sites and less acid strength compared to ZSM-5(350-0.5) catalyst. The catalytic performance of samples was studied for conversion of methanol to light olefins under different reaction conditions. Interestingly, the proper pore geometry along with the strong intrinsic acidity resulted in a tendency for excessive production of light olefins for ZSM-5(350-0.5) catalyst. The selectivity of light olefins over this catalyst was increased about 94% in the long time on stream (2100?min). Also, the possible reaction pathway for ZSM-5 synthesis at high temperatures was discussed in details.     

The investigation of MCM-48-type and MCM-41-type mesoporous silica as oral solid dispersion carriers for water insoluble cilostazol

Objective: To explore the suitable application of MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter number forty-one)-type and MCM-48-type mesoporous silica in the oral water insoluble drug delivery system.

Methods: Cilostazol (CLT) as a model drug was loaded into synthesized MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter number forty-eight) and commercial MCM-41 by three common methods. The obtained MCM-41, MCM-48 and CLT-loaded samples were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometer.

Results: It was found that solvent evaporation method was preferred according to the drug loading efficiency and the maximum percent cumulative drug dissolution. MCM-48 with 3D cubic pore structure and MCM-41 with 2D long tubular structure are nearly spherical particles in 300–500?nm. Nevertheless, the silica carriers with similar large specific surface areas and concentrating pore size distributions (978.66?m²/g, 3.8?nm for MCM-41 and 1108.04?m²/g, 3.6?nm for MCM-48) exhibited different adsorption behaviors for CLT. The maximum percent cumulative drug release of the two CLT/silica solid dispersion (CLT-MCM-48 and CLT-MCM-41) was 63.41% and 85.78% within 60?min, respectively; while in the subsequent 12?h release experiment, almost 100% cumulative drug release were both obtained. In the pharmacokinetics aspect, the maximum plasma concentrations of CLT-MCM-48 reached 3.63?mg/L by 0.92?h. The AUC_0–∞ values of the CLT-MCM-41 and CLT-MCM-48 were 1.14-fold and 1.73-fold, respectively, compared with the commercial preparation.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MCM-41-type and MCM-48-type mesoporous silica have great promise as solid dispersion carriers for sustained and immediate release separately.     

Direct synthesis of Cr-MCM-48-like large pore mesoporous silica

Chromium-substituted MCM-48-like large pore mesoporous silica with average pore size up to 10 nm was directly synthesized by using P123 (EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀) as a template, n-butanol as an assistant, and chromic nitrate nonahydrate as a chromium source. The Cr species was doped by simply adjusting the pH of the synthesis system with ammonia from strong acid to nearly neutral after crystallization for 24 h. The Si/Cr ratios in the initial gel ranged from 10 to 80, and the actual weight percentage of Cr was analyzed by ICP. XRD pattern, high-resolution TEM, and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm were employed to investigate the pore structure properties of these materials. The results showed that all the samples had Ia3d cubic structure and the pore channels were highly ordered. UV–vis, wide-angle XRD, and ESR spectra revealed that at lower Cr content (Si/Cr > 30), only Cr (VI) and Cr(V) species existed in the mesoporous framework, and at higher Cr content, Cr (III) species appeared.