On the choice of a production control system

This paper deals with a problem to develop ‘factory automation systems’ which harmonize companies’ needs with workers’ desires. Two kinds of indices and methods of survey are proposed on the basis of the ‘fusion system concept’. One is that of the state of workers’ desires which are based on the ‘stimulus-response model’, the other is that of situations where ‘factory automation’ is implemented in a workshop. The effects of ‘factory automation’ on workers’ desires are clarified in a study of Japanese manufacturing industries in 1983. As a result of this investigation, some problems can be pointed out which should be solved in the future to develop ‘factory automation systems’.     

Dy-黄长石固溶体的氧化行为研究

本 工 作 选 取 了 四 个 Dy-黄 长 石 固 溶 体 Dy₂Si_3-xAl_xO_3+xN_4-x(Dy-M’, x=0, 0.3, 0.6 和 1.0) 组 份, 试 样 由 热 压 工 艺 制 成, 并 置 于 马 弗 炉 中 于 1000℃ 氧 化 20 h. 随 着 固 溶 度 x 的 增 加, 氧 化 增 重 的 行 为呈 现 出：Dy-M’(x=0.6)<< Dy-M’(x=0.3)2Si₂O₇ 晶 粒 的 硅 酸 盐 层, 其 中 α-Dy₂Si₂O₇ 晶 粒 在 氧 化 表 面 具 有 择 优 取 向.     

The cognitive construct of design conversation

The study provides an overview of architectural designers’ cognitive behaviour in a conceptual phase of design like studio tutorials. This involves formulating a Cognitive Interaction Matrix that preserves the dialectical and interactional characteristics of design conversation protocol being examined. The matrix facilitates the process of encoding, segmenting, tabulating and analysing design tutorial conversations based on a rich taxonomy of cognitive activities. Through the framework of aggregating ‘Formulate’, ‘Evaluate’ and ‘Move’ activities and relevant cognitive attributes across conversational protocols, the study found certain differences in the patterns, frequency and intensity of Cognitive Actions’ distribution recorded between tutors and students who had participated in the observed studio tutorials. Further examination of the ‘Formulate’, ‘Evaluate’ and ‘Move’ actions in terms of Cognitive Organisation and Transformational factors suggests the possibility of deriving and distinguishing the cognitive constructs between tutors and students’ design conversations.     

循环荷载频率和幅值对有砟道床动力行为的影响

为研究有砟道床在长期反复列车荷载作用下的动态响应及劣化规律,利用离散元分析软件PFC并考虑道砟的真实外形,建立可考虑道砟破碎劣化的有砟道床离散元计算模型,研究分析了不同频率、不同幅值循环荷载作用下有砟道床的振动响应、道砟受力以及道砟摩擦耗能、破碎行为。结果表明:道砟的振动加速度随动荷载频率和幅值的提高而非线性增长;道砟所受的接触力主要受荷载幅值影响,受荷载频率影响较小,荷载幅值提高,道砟接触力增大;提高荷载频率和幅值均会增加道砟的摩擦耗能,在荷载作用初期,道砟的摩擦耗能有一个突增过程;动荷载的幅值对道砟的破碎行为占主导因素,荷载幅值较低时道砟稳定在较低破碎水平,荷载幅值较高时道砟破碎现象加剧并受荷载频率影响,此时荷载频率越高道砟破碎越严重。     

冲击荷载作用下早强EPS混凝土的力学性能

采用&;#61542;100mm分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,简称SHPB）试验装置,对养护龄期分别为12h、24h和36h的早强聚苯乙烯混凝土（EPS）进行了冲击压缩试验,得到了相应的应力-应变曲线,并与养护龄期为28d的聚苯乙烯混凝土（EPS）的应力-应变曲线进行比较。结果表明：养护龄期为36h、28d的EPS混凝土随着应变率的增加,其冲击压缩强度也相应增加;养护龄期为12h、24h的EPS混凝土随着应变率的增加,其冲击压缩强度变化不明显。另外,还研究了试件动态抗压强度与平均应变率的关系和养护龄期对动态抗压强度的影响,证明了EPS混凝土的抗冲击性能随养护龄期的增长而增加。     

X-cor夹层结构拉伸模量有限元分析

通过分析X-cor夹层结构中Z-pin端部的细观结构,提出Z-pin端部树脂区椭圆形态的基本假设并建立X-cor夹层结构拉伸模量的有限元模型,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS对其拉伸模量进行了数值计算。研究了Z-pin植入角度、直径和密度的改变对X-cor夹层结构拉伸模量的影响。结果表明:X-cor夹层结构的拉伸模量随Z-pin植入角度增加而减小,随Z-pin直径和密度增加而增加。通过有限元模型的计算,得到了X-cor夹层结构参数对其拉伸模量的影响规律,数值计算结果误差范围是±10%,验证了所提的有限元模型的合理性,说明该模型可用于预测其拉伸模量。     

Analysis of Categorical Response in Small Sample Experiments

Statistical design of experiments (DOE) is widely used today for process and product characterization and optimization. Owing to cost and time considerations, sometimes only a minimum number of experimental runs can be conducted, with added challenges in analysis when the experimental outcomes cannot be measured on a continuous scale and are expressed only in qualitative terms such as ‘excellent’, ‘satisfactory’ and ‘poor’: such outcomes are variously described as ‘categorical’, ‘attribute’, ‘qualitative’, ‘discrete’ or ‘counted’ in nature. This paper offers practical techniques of handling small experiments with such non‐standard DOE response data which are otherwise impossible to analyze by standard statistical software. The suggested procedures, built upon what is called a Likelihood Transfer Function (LTF), do not require complex data analysis but would yield results consistent with the constraints of experimental conditions as well as the objectives of stakeholders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The mediator role of learning capability and business innovativeness between total quality management and financial performance

The concept of total quality management (TQM) has attracted many researchers from a variety of disciplines. In particular, the literature has addressed the impact of TQM on a firm’s operations and performance. However, disparate perspectives on the relationship between TQM and a firm’s financial performance have emerged. In this paper, we suggest an interconnected relationship among TQM, organisational learning capability (OLC), business innovativeness, and a firm’s financial performance and propose that OLC and business innovativeness mediate the relationship between TQM and a firm’s financial performance. By studying 193 firms in Turkey, we found that: (1) TQM affects OLC and a firm’s business innovativeness, (2) OLC influences a firm’s business innovativeness and (3) a firm’s business innovativeness affects its financial performance. Also, we found that OLC and business innovativeness in a firm mediate the relationship between TQM and the firm’s financial performance.     

Intellectual contribution of Indian periodontists to world literature: a bibliometric evaluation of Pubmed database till 1st March, 2012

Scientifically liberated and developed countries produce huge amounts of cutting-edge publications in peer-reviewed impact-creating journals. These publications may become basis for various policies/other blueprints. There is no reported study regarding the publication trends of Periodontists from India. The aim of this study was to assess the trends of Indian Periodontist’s publications in Pubmed database till 1st March, 2012 by taking quantitative bibliometric approach. Studies were identified by running select search phrases on Pubmed search engine. Search inputs included, ‘dental’, ‘oral’, ‘periodontal’, ‘gingiva’, ‘gingival’, ‘periodontology’, ‘periodontics’, ‘periodontia’, ‘periodontitis’, ‘gingivitis’, and ‘dental implant’. A parallel search with above phrases along with ‘India’ also done to assess India-specific publications. All publications with or without available abstracts were analyzed for selected parameters. Analysis was performed to determine name of the journal, number of authors, year of publication, type of institute, statewide distribution, type of study etc. The approximate contribution of Indian Dental/Periodontal literature to Pubmed database is 1.45 % till 1st March 2012. The number of articles published by Indian Periodontists is 764 across 107 journals and starting from 1960. The number of original articles published were 510 (66.75 %) as opposed to 127 (16.62 %) each for review articles and case reports/case series. The average contribution of an Indian Periodontist to Pubmed database is 0.53 articles. The contribution of Indian Periodontists to world literature through Pubmed database is not voluminous but, the publications are multiplying every passing year almost in an exponential way. There is also an increasing trend towards original articles to be published.     

Charles Marville and the Landscapes of the Carrières d’Amérique

Charles Marville’s photographs of Paris preserve the look of streets slated for demolition under Georges-Eugène Haussmann. This article examines his photographs of the Carrières d’Amérique, or America Quarries – gypsum quarries in the outlying Parisian neighbourhood of Belleville. At a time when the rezoning of districts that were formerly extra muros was still controversial, Belleville was seen as a crime-ridden area. Marville’s photographs become documents that refute contemporary narratives of criminality. Borrowing Walter Benjamin’s view that the city ‘opens up’ to the flâneur ‘as a landscape’, the article analyses Marville’s landscapes of the Carrières d’Amérique as images that juxtapose the city, the work site, and the no-man’s land or terrains vagues at Paris’s outer limits.     

Mechanical behaviour of PVC/CaCO3 Particulate Composites – Influence of Temperature

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of temperature influence on Young’s modulus, ultimate strength and fracture toughness properties of PVC/CaCO₃ particulate composites with different volume fractions. The tests were performed in three‐ and four‐point bending. The resonant technique was also used to analyse the influence of both volume fraction and temperature on Young’s modulus. Significant decrease of ultimate strength, fracture toughness and Young’s modulus was observed with the increase of the temperature. Ultimate strength decreases with the increase of particle volume fraction at room temperature. For the other temperatures, this decreasing trend is less clear. PVC/CaCO₃ flexural Young’s modulus calculated for a much lower loading segment increases with volume fraction. The same trend was obtained using the resonant technique. However, as the loading segment used to calculate the Young’s modulus was increased a significant decrease of Young’s modulus was obtained as a result of a progressive debonding at the particle‐matrix interface. A 2D simplified FE simulation also confirms such trend. The dependence of Young’s modulus relatively to the loading segment increases as the volume fraction is increased, leading to composite Young’s modulus below matrix value for higher volume fractions and higher loading segments. Fracture toughness decreases with volume fraction.     

粘弹性阻尼器对网架结构振动疲劳寿命的影响

为研究粘弹性阻尼器对平面网架结构疲劳性能的影响,先对粘弹性阻尼器等效刚度进行推导,然后,基于随机振动载荷,根据载荷功率谱密度函数（PSD）和结构的频率响应以及结构的模态,对平面网架结构添加粘弹性阻尼器和不添加粘弹性阻尼器,以及添加不同阻尼系数的粘弹性阻尼器时的疲劳寿命进行计算和比较。结果表明,阻尼器可以有效的减少随机振动荷载对网架结构的疲劳破坏。且随着阻尼系数的增大,网架结构的最小疲劳寿命呈现先增大,后减小的趋势。因此通过合理选择粘弹性阻尼器的阻尼系数大小可以优化结构的抗疲劳性能。     

Use invention of a chemical substance

The Japanese Patent Law defines the patentable subject matter and considers the following types or categories of inventions ‘a thing (substance)’, ‘a method’ and ‘a method of producing a thing (substance)’; however ‘use’ as a category is lacking. Although a discovery per se is unpatentable, the discovery of a new use of a product is practically patentable in a claim within the category of ‘a thing’ or ‘a method’.Two or more use inventions are deemed to be identical if those uses are substantially undistinguishable from one another with respect to ‘the range within which they are applied’, ‘means of application of the use’ and ‘time of application of such use’, even when the intended uses are different. An invention of use in the field of pharmaceutical products is patentable in the form of a claim: ‘substance or composition coupled with the indication of the intended pharmaceutical use’. Under the ‘Guidelines for practice in examining pharmaceutical inventions’ two or more inventions of pharmaceutical uses of one product are regarded as being identical if (A) the pharmacological effects are based on the same or closely related pharmacological action, or if (B) they are substantially undistinguishable in ‘the range of applications’. Actually, the guideline is not practised so strictly, particulary with respect to the standpoint (B).Problems are also left unsolved in Japan in pharmaceutical use inventions with respect to the entity of the patent right granted and to the preservation of right and further how to judge infringement, due to the fact that the subjects of application are human beings.For solving these problems some means can be contrived: ‘method of curing disease’ is deemed to be patentable subject matter, or a generic claim is granted on the first use and a specific claim is granted on the second use. Also in Japan various opinions exist as to whether the so-called second use should be patentable subject matter or not and in which form the second use, if patentable, should be patented.     

Thermodynamic solubility and solvation behavior of ferulic acid in different (PEG-400 + water) binary solvent mixtures

This work was carried out to determine solubility, solution thermodynamics, solvation behavior, and molecular interactions of a natural compound ferulic acid (FLA) in different ‘[polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) + water]’ binary solvent mixtures at ‘T?=?298.2 K to 318.2?K’ and ‘p?=?0.1?MPa.’ The mole fraction solubilities (x_e) of FLA were determined by liquid chromatographic technique using a static equilibrium technique. The obtained solubility data of FLA were regressed using ‘Van’t Hoff, Apelblat, Yalkowsky-Roseman and Jouyban-Acree models.’ The solubility of FLA (expressed in mole fraction) was enhanced with elevation in absolute temperature in each ‘PEG-400?+?water’ binary solvent mixture evaluated. The maximum x_e values of FLA were recorded in neat PEG-400 (1.94?×?10^?1) at ‘T?=?318.2 K.’ While, the minimum one was obtained in neat water (4.90?×?10^?5) at ‘T?=?298.2 K.’ The molecular interactions between FLA-PEG-400 and FLA-water were obtained by determination of activity coefficients of FLA in different ‘PEG-400?+?water’ binary solvent mixtures. The physical data of activity coefficients recorded in this work suggested strong molecular interactions in FLA-PEG-400 in comparison with FLA-water. ‘Apparent thermodynamic analysis’ suggested an ‘endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution’ of FLA in each ‘PEG-400?+?water’ binary solvent mixture investigated.     

Implementation of laser beam sensitive cells: A new approach for integrated circuits testing

The use of library cells, specially designed for their sensitivity to a laser beam, is a potential solution for both ‘observability’ and ‘controllability’ problems encountered by the test engineers. The basic principle relies on the photo-induced current generated in the laser beam-silicon interaction. The ‘observation’ cells, when probed by the beam, are used to read directly a logic level inside the circuit, whereas the ‘control’ cells are used to force a particular node of the circuit. A test structure including a 16 bits counter with 16 ‘observation’ cells and 1 ‘control’ cell has been fabricated in BiCMOS technology in order to illustrate this new testing method.     

Evaluation of ‘specia’ finite elements with non-conventional Gaussian quadratures

Finite elements with ‘Special’ basis functions have been proposed to develop better approximations for problems where the behaviour is known to be non-polynomial. This paper discusses extension of Gaussian quadrature integration procedures of non-conventional form to the evaluation of the finite element matrices for ‘Special’ elements. Algorithms for general ‘Special’ elements are discussed. The techniques are applied to ‘Special’ one- and two-dimensional elements for spherically symmetric potential flow. The accuracy of the new ‘Special’ element is shown to be superior to linear and quadratic elements for spherically symmetric potential flow problems.     

煤矸石还原氮化合成O’-Sialon及热力学研究

采用拟抛物面规则评估了O’-Sialon、X相的吉布斯生成自由能,并从热力学上分析了O’-Sialon、β-Sialon、X相的合成过程.研究了以中国山西煤矸石为原料,还原氮化合成O’-Sialon的影响因素,包括还原剂(C或者Si)的用量、氮化温度等;结果表明,以金属Si为主要还原剂时O’-Sialon的合成效果较佳,其相对含量最高可以达到80％左右,提高氮化温度有利于O’-Sialon的合成.     

Elastic continuum theories of lattice defects: a review

The presently available elastic continuum theories of lattice defects are reviewed. After introducing a few elementary concepts and the basic equations of elasticity the Eshelby’s theory of misfitting inclusions and inhomogeneities is outlined. Kovács’ result that any lattice defect can be described by a surface distribution of elastic dipoles is described. The generalization of the isotropic continuum approach to anisotropic models and to Eringen’s isotropic but non-local model is discussed. Kröner’s theroy (where a defect is viewed as a lack of strain compatibility in the medium) and the elastic field equations (formulated in a way analogous to Maxwell’s field equations of magnetostatics) are described. The concept of the dislocation density tensor is introduced and the utility of higher-order dislocation density correlation tensors is discussed. The beautiful theory of the affine differential geometry of stationary lattice defects developed by Kondo and Kröner is outlined. Kosevich’s attempt to include dynamics in the elastic field equations is described. Wadati’s quantum field theory of extended objects is mentioned qualitatively. Some potential areas of research are identified.     

联苯型三芳胺空穴传输材料的新合成工艺研究

三芳胺是一种优良的空穴传输材料,在有机电致发光和有机光导领域有着重要应用.目前的合成方法是在氯化亚铜和邻菲哆啉的催化下,以4,4'-二-碘联苯和二芳基胺反应制备.研究了以4,4'-二溴联苯与二苯胺为原料,研究了在醋酸钯、三叔丁基膦的催化作用下合成N,N,N’,N’-四苯基-1,1'-联苯-4,4’-二胺(TPD)的反应.考察了原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量以及反应温度对产品收率的影响,得到优化工艺条件为二苯胺与4,4 '-二溴联苯的摩尔比为2.5∶1,醋酸钯用量为0.05mmol,在145℃回流反应6h,产品收率为78.89％.在此条件下,用4,4’-二溴联苯分别与3-甲基二苯胺、4-甲基二苯胺反应合成了N,N'N'-二苯基-N,N '-二(3-甲基苯基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4’-二胺(m-TPD)、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,1’-联苯-4,4’-二胺(p-TPD),产品收率分别为75.59％和69.96％.通过比较,新工艺有效地降低了工艺物料平衡图(PFD)类空穴传输材料的合成成本.