高精度数字光电自准直仪

本文介绍一种采用微机和光栅技术的高精度数字光电自准直仪的性能指标、结构原理和电气原理,阐述了在该仪器中成功应用的软件细分方法,实现了光电自准直仪的升级换代。     

用圆光栅作分度基准的高精度仪器的故障判断

用高精度圆光栅作分度基准的圆分度光电检验仪、测角仪和光电圆刻机，一旦出现故障，判断起来很困难。本提供一种简易的判别办法，并提供了可参考的测试电路。     

便携式 X-射线透视仪图像非均匀性分析及校正

从射线场强度的非均匀性、转换屏响应不一致性和 CCD 相机像元光电响应不一致性三方面对便携式X射线透视仪图像非均匀性的产生机理进行了理论分析. 并在此基础上建立了透视仪每个像元通道光电响应的数学模型. 基于该模型,提出了一种多点线性拟合校正算法. 给出了应用本方法校正前后的图像结果及标准差对比情况. 本方法已应用于便携式安检排爆 X-射线检测系统.     

光电自准直仪关键技术研究

自准直仪是利用光学自准直的原理,实现小角度测量的精密测量仪器,是一种应用广泛的瞄准及测量仪器。本文针对光电自准直仪的光路结构、硬件电路设计和数据处理算法三部分进行研究,,其中重点研究了四种光点位移检测算法,降低示值误差、实现宽量程、高分辨率的高精度光电自准直仪提供了关键技术支持和保障。     

高精度二维自准直仪的研制

介绍了一种高精度二维自准直仪,它采用面阵CCD器件作为光电传感器,利用自准直原理实现了二维角度的测量,其测量范围为±300",精度为±0.2".     

出租汽车计价器使用误差检定的弊端

现在一些地方和部门由于资金和场地欠缺,在开展出租汽车计价器强制检定工作中．使用一种便携式出租汽车计价器使用误差检定仪（以下简称“便携式检定仪”）。该仪器的原理是利用汽车自身的动力驱动单侧驱动轮旋转．用光电方式测量驱动轮的转数,根据测出驱动轮的有效周长．确定车辆的行走距离．从而判断出租汽车计价器检定合格与否。     

出租汽车计价器使用误差检定的讨论

现在一些地方和部门由于资金和场地欠缺，在对出租车计价器进行强制性检定工作中，使用一种“便携式出租汽车计价器使用误差检定仪”（以下简称便携式检定仪）。该仪器的原理是利用汽车自身的动力驱动单侧驱动轮旋转，用光电方式测量驱动轮的转数，根据测出驱动轮的有效周长，确定车辆的行走距离，从而判断计价器检定合格与否。笔者从事计价器检定工作十余年，对采用该种测量仪器进行计价器使用误差强制性检定工作谈一点看法。1．必须严格执行国家计量检定现程JJG738－gi出租汽车计价器标准装置检定规程》规定了：“使用误差标准装置的结…     

便携式空气密度精密测量仪的研制

作研制的便携式空气密度精密测量仪实现了高精度、低温漂的计量特性;仪器的软件具有32位数据处理功能,并直接使用传感器的工作曲线,消除了传感器的非线性误差;仪器具有良好的使用功能、完善的操作系统和简明的操作界面。     

用“统计方法”标定2型光电分光式光度计

72型光电分光式光度计是常用于化工、冶金、食品、医药、土壤肥料分析和环境监测等方面的比色光学仪器。为了在一定精度下进行快速比色分析测定,我们采用物质生色化合物配制成一系列不同浓度的“标准溶液”,而以统计方法对光电分光式光度计进行标定,效果良好。现简介如下: 一、兰伯特—比尔定律及其变换对食品等的比色分析,是用某种波长的光束通过物质生色化合物的溶液来进行的;当溶液浓度C不大时,通过溶液后的光密度E由下式表示:E=KlC(1)式中,K为同一种溶液中与浓度无关的常量;1为溶液的厚度。 (1)式就是兰伯特—比尔定律。它表明,当Kl一定时,E与溶液浓度C正比。上式可作一条相关线,由于很多随机因素的影响,相关线在     

光电自准直仪量程扩展方法的研究

光电自准直仪是检测角度、直线度、平面度的常用精密仪器,其测量距离受到空气扰动、自准直仪光源强度、自准直仪接收口径的影响,通常工作距都在10m以内,无法实现对超长导轨和平台的检测。本文提出一种量程拼接测量方法,可以在不增加自准直仪接收口径和光源强度的情况下,实现超长导轨和平台的高精度测量。     

Flexible,Planar‐Integrated,All‐Solid‐State Fiber Supercapacitors with an Enhanced Distributed‐Capacitance Effect

Flexible and highly efficient energy storage units act as one of the key components in portable electronics. In this work, by planar‐integrated assembly of hierarchical ZnCo₂O₄ nanowire arrays/carbon fibers electrodes, a new class of flexible all‐solid‐state planar‐integrated fiber supercapacitors are designed and produced via a low‐cost and facile method. The as‐fabricated flexible devices exhibit high‐efficiency, enhanced capacity, long cycle life, and excellent electrical stability. An enhanced distributed‐capacitance effect is experimentally observed for the device. This strategy enables highly flexible new structured supercapacitors with maximum functionality and minimized size, thus making it possible to be readily applied in flexible/portable photoelectronic devices.     

Portable radiometer: a novel technique for in situ band gap measurements

Portable radiometers are commonly used in remote sensing applications for studying vegetation, soil, minerals, etc. However, we propose and demonstrate, for the first time, the applicability of this radiometer for high-resolution in situ band gap measurements of materials. The excitation source can be any white light source such as sun or tungsten halogen lamp. The flexibility in sample size and relative ease of varying temperature during measurements add to the advantages of using a portable radiometer for investigating new materials. Accurate measurements were made on standard samples of silicon, germanium, and gallium antimonide to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique.     

SONOX2000G型烟气在线仪在火电厂烟气脱硫中的应用

本文通过现场仪器监测结果与烟气连续监测系统（CEMS）对应时段的小时均值比对,说明SONOX2000G型烟气在线仪各项性能指标优越,可以准确地在线监测烟气中二氧化硫的浓度,控制二氧化硫排放量,减少对大气环境的污染。     

矿化剂氟化锂对镨锆黄陶瓷色料的影响

谱锆黄陶瓷色料由于呈色稳定,价格较低廉已成为高温陶瓷色料市场的宠儿,但传统固相法所制备的谱锆黄陶瓷色料煅烧温度高(1 600℃),导致颜料粒径过大影响呈色性能,因此,降低合成温度减小粒径已成为这一方向的研究的热点.本文利用八水合氧氯化锆、正硅酸乙酯、稀土氧化镨为主要原料,采用溶剂热法制备镨锆黄粉体颜料前驱体,加入不同含量的矿化剂氟化锂(LiF)以降低合成温度,对其在1 100℃煅烧,保温50 min获得镨锆黄陶瓷粉体颜料.采用色度分析仪、粒度分析仪、紫外可见光光谱分析仪、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析技术对样品结构和性能进行表征.实验结果表明:当矿化剂LiF含量为0.35%时,样品中的ZrSiO_4结晶度较高,颗粒尺寸分布较小且较均匀,样品在400~480 nm蓝紫光有非常强的吸收,呈现较纯正的黄色色调,其色度值为L~*=84.92,a~*=4.70,b~*=68.00.该谱锆黄陶瓷色料可望应用于陶瓷喷墨打印技术领域.     

光干涉法高精度材料线膨胀系数测量

中国计量科学研究院研制的高精度材料线膨胀系数测量装置,满足温度范围为5～40 ℃、被测件长度在20～1 000 mm之间的线膨胀系数测量。采用激光干涉法测量被测件长度变化量,用高精度温度传感器测量温度值。设计了热平衡式干涉镜,利用空气折射率修正和零位误差补偿技术,保证在5～40 ℃变温范围内激光干涉仪的测量精度。以500 mm标准量块作为测量对象,线膨胀系数测量结果与德国物理技术研究院(PTB)测量结果的相对偏差为0.2%。材料线膨胀系数测量不确定度达到3×10^-8K^-1。     

Visual Quantitative Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells with Single‐Cell Sensitivity Using a Portable Microfluidic Device

Immunocytological technologies, molecular technologies, and functional assays are widely used for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) after enrichment from patients' blood sample. Unfortunately, accessibility to these technologies is limited due to the need for sophisticated instrumentation and skilled operators. Portable microfluidic devices have become attractive tools for expanding the access and efficiency of detection beyond hospitals to sites near the patient. Herein, a volumetric bar chart chip (V‐Chip) is developed as a portable platform for CTC detection. The target CTCs are labeled with aptamer‐conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs) and analyzed by V‐Chip through quantifying the byproduct (oxygen) of the catalytic reaction between ACNPs and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the movement of an ink bar to a concentration‐dependent distance for visual quantitative readout. Thus, the CTC number is decoded into visually quantifiable information and a linear correlation can be found between the distance moved by the ink and number of cells in the sample. This method is sensitive enough that a single cell can be detected. Furthermore, the clinical capabilities of this system are demonstrated for quantitative CTC detection in the presence of a high leukocyte background. This portable detection method shows great potential for quantification of rare cells with single‐cell sensitivity for various applications.     

An analysis of alcohol breath tests results with portable and desktop breath testers as surrogates of blood alcohol levels

There is a perceived tradeoff between the ease of measuring alcohol in the body and the accuracy of the result. Direct tests of blood alcohol concentrations are considered the most accurate, desktop stationary breath testers based on electro-chemical infra-red technology are slightly less accurate, but accepted for evidentiary purposes in most jurisdictions, and quick portable breath testers based on fuel-cell technology are the easiest to administer but not acceptable in many courts. This study compared the accuracy of an evidentiary portable breath tester and an evidentiary desktop breath tester relative to blood alcohol concentrations. Inverse regressions were used to obtain confidence limits for the alcohol levels as read by the breath testers that would provide tradeoffs of false positives and false negatives for three levels of confidence: 95%, 96%, and 98%; corresponding to false positive values of 2.5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. A decision tree model is offered for the optimal use of the three measures, so that portable breath testers can be sufficient for high level BrAC, stationary breath testers can be sufficient for medium level BrAC, and blood tests are recommended for still lower BrACs. The model provides quantitative BrAC threshold levels for the two most common BAC levels used to imply DWI: 50 mg/dl and 80 mg/dl.     

便携式测量系统中彩色线阵CCD数据采集电路的设计

本文提出了将彩色线阵CCD光电传感器用于现代便携式测量系统的设计方案.针对便携式系统尺寸小、功耗低的特点,设计了彩色线阵CCD的数据采集电路.该电路的功能是获取便携式毒气测量仪中侦毒管内的化学试剂发生化学反应前后的颜色信息,从而最终使整个测量系统完成毒气种类和毒气浓度的判别.该电路包含CCD器件的驱动电路,模拟信号的数字化电路和数据存储电路,以及电源控制电路等模块.该数据采集电路具有高速,节能的特点.使用该电路对被测物模型进行实际测量,显示了该数据采集电路的有效性.该数据采集电路测量侦毒管颜色变化长度的分辨力为0.06 mm.     

Optical dilatometry for the control of microstructure development during sintering

An optical method for the in situ measurement of sintering shrinkage has been developed. It relies on a simple and robust CCD camera technique and is applicable up to high temperatures (2000 °C) and heating rates (10 K/min) in industrial furnace atmospheres. A resolution of less than 1 μm for a sample diameter of 10 mm has been achieved using a special geometrical arrangement and a smart image analysis algorithm. Systematic errors are small (<0.1%) and can be corrected by an additional measurement. A high reproducibility of shrinkage measurement has been observed in various sintering experiments. The optical dilatometer is very flexible: it has been used also for an accurate temperature calibration and for wetting experiments and it can be adjusted to different furnace types. Received: 17 May 2000 / Reviewed and accepted: 26 June 2000     

共沉淀法制备硅酸锆包裹炭黑及其高温稳定性

以正硅酸乙酯和氧氯化锆为原料, 采用溶胶共沉淀法制备了硅酸锆包裹炭黑复合粉体。利用XRD、SEM、色度计和粒度分析仪等手段对样品进行了表征。采用正交试验考察了前驱体pH值、煅烧温度、矿化剂种类和用量等工艺条件对复合粉体高温稳定性的影响。结果表明, 矿化剂和煅烧温度是最重要的影响因素。最佳的工艺条件是前驱溶液pH为5、矿化剂为5wt%LiF、煅烧温度为1150℃。该工艺条件下形成的球形镶嵌结构能够有效防止炭黑被氧化。获得的硅酸锆包裹炭黑粉体具有较好的高温稳定性, 粒度分布符合陶瓷色料的要求。该粉体用于熔块釉中, 1000℃烧成仍然具有较好的发色效果。