竹炭对甲基橙溶液吸附行为的研究

探索了竹炭对甲基橙溶液的吸附行为,测定了竹炭的粒径与投料量以及溶液的pH值与浓度、吸附时间、温度等因素对甲基橙吸附性能的影响.结果表明,竹炭对甲基橙的吸附能力随其粒径的增大而降低,甲基橙溶液pH值在2～4酸度范围时,竹炭对甲基橙有较好的吸附能力,达到最佳吸附效果时溶液的pH值为2.吸附质浓度增加,竹炭对其吸附率减小,随着投料量的增加,吸附率不断提高.竹炭对甲基橙的等温吸附服从Freundlich方程式.竹炭对甲基橙的吸附可在100min内达到平衡,最佳吸附温度为60℃.通过对这些参数的探索和测定,竹炭对甲基橙的吸附率可达到90%以上,能有效除去溶液中的甲基橙.     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵在麦壳上的吸附研究

以麦壳为吸附剂,研究其对污水中阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)的吸附特性。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、CTMAB初始浓度、溶液pH、吸附液盐度、温度等条件对吸附的影响。结果表明:随着麦壳用量的增加,吸附量逐渐减小;麦壳对CTMAB的吸附反应速率很快,40min即可达到吸附平衡;随着CTMAB初始浓度以及pH值的增加,吸附量均逐渐增大;随着Ca2+浓度的增大,吸附量逐渐减小;随着反应温度的升高,吸附量缓慢增大。麦壳对CTMAB的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。     

爆轰法合成纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用黑索金为可爆药剂,用爆轰法制备出了类球形混晶纳米TiO2粉体,并对合成的纳米TiO2粉末进行了表征。以甲基橙为研究对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了甲基橙初始浓度、纳米TiO2用量、甲基橙溶液初始pH值、超声分散和光照时间对甲基橙降解率的影响。研究表明,所制备的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿、板钛矿和金红石组成的混晶体,平均粒度约为18nm。在氧化钛浓度固定的条件下,甲基橙溶液初始浓度越高降解率越低。随着氧化钛加入量的增加,甲基橙溶液的降解率先增大后减小,而氧化钛的加入量超过40.0mg/L后,甲基橙溶液的降解率又呈升高的趋势。超声波分散的纳米氧化钛的表观反应速率明显高于未经超声波分散的氧化钛的表观反应速率。随着光催化时间的延长,光转化率逐渐升高。     

HEMA-NVP共聚物表面性能研究

室温下,以质量分数为0.2%的2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(1173)为引发剂,0.5%的二乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,在紫外光照下合成了甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯(HEMA)-N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)二元共聚物水凝胶.探讨了共聚物表面的润湿性、脱水性及对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的吸附性.试验表明,材料薄膜表面接触角随着NVP含量增大及接触时间的延长而减小;BSA通过物理作用吸附于水凝胶薄膜表面,BSA吸附量随时间延长及吸附液初始浓度升高而增大;随着共聚物中NVP含量的增大,BSA吸附量增大,而释放量减小;脱水试验表明水凝胶薄膜的脱水速率随NVP及交联剂含量的增大而减小.     

磁性聚膦腈纳米管对亚甲基兰的吸附性能研究

采用原位模板法在室温下合成了贯穿型磁性聚膦腈纳米管,研究了该磁性聚膦腈纳米管对有机染料亚甲基兰的吸附作用。分别讨论了吸附时间、吸附温度、亚甲基兰的初始浓度及磁性聚膦腈纳米管用量对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,合成的含11.5%Fe3O4的贯穿型磁性聚膦腈纳米管的比磁饱和强度Ms为2.68A.m2/kg,磁响应性强烈,分散在水中后可通过钕铁硼永久磁铁迅速富集;吸附率随吸附时间的延长逐渐增大,72h时几乎可吸附完全;吸附行为较好地符合Langmuir模型;吸附率随亚甲基兰初始浓度的增加而减小,随磁性聚膦腈纳米管用量的增加而增加;吸附率和吸附量随温度的升高而增大,在60℃时,几乎吸附完全。     

电化学阳极氧化条件对多孔硅及其光催化性能的影响研究

在HF/乙醇电解液中,采用恒电压电化学阳极氧化法,将P型硅片制备成了多孔硅催化剂。以甲基橙模拟废水为目标物,分析了电化学阳极氧化条件对多孔硅光催化甲基橙脱色率的影响。结果表明:随着HF浓度、阳极氧化时间、电流密度和光照时间的增加,甲基橙的脱色率逐渐增大。当V(HF)∶V(乙醇)=1∶1、阳极氧化时间为30min、电流密度为10mA/cm2以及光照时间为60min时,对甲基橙废水的脱色率较好。用十二烷基苯磺酸钠修饰的多孔硅对甲基橙废水有更高的脱色率。同直接催化相比,光催化甲基橙废水的脱色率提高到45.32%。同时对多孔硅表面形貌进行了表征。     

烟渣基多孔炭材料的制备及其甲基橙吸附性能研究

通过化学活化法制备了烟渣基多孔炭材料,采用IR、BET和EA等手段对其进行了表征,考察了其甲基橙等温吸附和动力学吸附性能.红外图谱表明,炭材料中含有大量的含氧基团,材料的孔径大小和比表面积随着炭化时间的增加而增加,甲基橙等温吸附和动力学吸附研究发现,以ZnCl2为活化剂,活化时间3h时,炭材料比表面积达到624.94m2/g,平均孔径为14.33nm,甲基橙的吸附容量为154.3mg/g.     

TiO_2柱撑蒙脱土的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用TiCl4在 HCl中的水解制备TiO2柱撑蒙脱土(TiO2-PILM)纳米光催化材料,通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对其进行了表征.考察了甲基橙的初始浓度、甲基橙溶液、pH值对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明,TiO2-PILM具有大的晶面间距,TiO2-PILM 对甲基橙有较好的光催化活性,吸附动力学数据很好地符合Lagergren二级速率方程,在甲基橙初始浓度为10mg/L、投样量为0.02g、在酸性或碱性条件时,TiO2-PILM对甲基橙的降解率较高.     

盐酸酸洗水活化法一步制备磁性活性炭（英文）

以盐酸酸洗水为活化剂,玉米芯为为碳源,通过简单一步法制备出一种新型磁性活性炭。详细研究了该材料不同条件下甲基橙的吸附性能。结果表明,973 K活化1 h所得磁性活性炭具有较大的比表面积(784.76 m~2/g),298 K甲基橙的吸附量高达555.56 mg/g。此外,磁性活性炭含有赤铁矿和磁铁矿易于从染料废水中分离。     

质子化交联壳聚糖对甲基橙的吸附研究

研究了吸附剂投加量、甲基橙初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间等条件对甲基橙脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在质子化壳聚糖用量为3.6g/L条件下,对质量浓度低于200mg/L甲基橙溶液的吸附率不低于90%。拟二级动力学模型能很好地描述其吸附过程;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。质子化壳聚糖在较宽的pH值范围内对甲基橙具有较好的脱色效果,可提高壳聚糖的利用价值。     

等速电泳和高效液相色谱联用方法研究

本文研究用田昭武等研制的OCEP-1型等速电泳仪和Waters高效液相色谱仪主要部件联用,配以自制的接口,建立HPLC—ITP新联用系统,用该系统成功地研究了含蛋白质和一些金属离子的复杂样品的分离分析。     

生物玻璃涂层与氧化铝瓷基体的界面反应

对含高钠、高钙的玻璃涂于 Al_2O_3瓷试样表面进行了红外光谱分析,对其断面进行电子探针分析,证实了这种玻璃与 Al_2O_3瓷在高温下迅速反应,Al_2O_3中的 Al~(+3)离子和玻璃中的 Na~+离子互相扩散。     

微波热裂解-KOH活化制备杏壳活性炭及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以陇东地区生物质废弃物杏壳为原料,采用微波热裂解-KOH活化联合法制备活性炭,研究了微波功率和时间,活化过程中KOH溶液的浓度、用量、浸渍时间、加热活化温度和时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响;以甲基橙为染料模拟印染废水,研究了甲基橙初始浓度、振荡吸附时间和活性炭用量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:微波功率800W,热裂解30min,生物炭的收率为56%;KOH溶液的浓度为25%,碱/炭为2.5∶1,活化温度800℃,加热活化1.5h,所制备活性炭的碘吸附值为1332mg/g,比表面积为1223m2/g,总孔体积为0.68cm3/g,活性炭的得率为32.7%;甲基橙浓度为250mg/g,振荡吸附240min,活性炭用量为每100mL甲基橙溶液0.15g时,甲基橙去除率高达99.78%;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

Biosorption of Hg2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ by Ca-alginate and immobilized wood-rotting fungus Funalia trogii

Funalia trogii biomass was immobilized in Ca-alginate gel beads. The live and heat inactivated immobilized forms were used for the biosorption of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions by using plain Ca-alginate gel beads as a control system. The effect of pH was investigated and the maximum adsorption of metal ions on the Ca-alginate and both live and inactivated immobilized fungal preparations were observed at pH 6.0. The temperature change between 15 and 45 degrees C did not affect the biosorption capacity. The biosorption of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions on the Ca-alginate beads and on both immobilized forms was studied in aqueous solutions in the concentration range of 30-600 mg/L. The metal biosorption capacities of the heat inactivated immobilized F. trogii for Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ were 403.2, 191.6, and 54.0 mg/g, respectively, while Hg2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ biosorption capacities of the immobilized live form were 333.0, 164.8 and 42.1 mg/g, respectively. The same affinity order on a molar basis was observed for single or multi-metal ions (Hg2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+). The Langmuir and the Freundlich type models were found to exhibit good fit to the experimental data. The experimental data were analyzed using the first-order (Langergren equations) and the second order (Ritchie equations). The experimental biosorption capacity with time is found to be best fit the second-order equations. The alginate-fungus system could be regenerated by washing with a solution of hydrochloride acid (10 mM). The percent desorption achieved was as high as 97. The biosorbents were reused in five biosorption-desorption cycles without significant loss of their initial biosorption capacity.     

丝素-壳聚糖共混膜的制备及其金属离子渗透行为的研究

采用壳聚糖(CS)对天然高分子丝素(SB)进行改性,制备了丝素-壳聚糖(SB-CS)共混膜.FTIR、TGA、SEM的分析表明,该共混膜中SB和CS具有良好的相容性,壳聚糖改善了丝素膜的吸水性和机械性能.通过渗透实验发现不同的金属离子在共混膜中的渗透速率有很大的差异,一些常见的金属离子渗透速率的大小顺序为:K+>Ca2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Ni2+.     

Studies on the applicability of alginate-entrapped Chryseomonas luteola TEM 05 for heavy metal biosorption

Chryseomonas luteola TEM 05 cells were entrapped both in alginate and chitosan coated alginate beads. Biosorption of metal ions on alginate beads was investigated by using a batch stirred system at pH 6.0, 25 degrees C, in initial metal concentration of 1.92 mM of Cr6+, 0.89 mM Cd2+ and 1.69 mM Co2+. Then, a process of competitive biosorption of these metal ions was described and compared to single metal ion adsorption in solution. The apparent equilibrium biosorption was reached within the 180 min of contact for all metals. Although the competitive biosorption capacities of the beads for all metal ions were lower than those of single conditions, Cd2+ biosorption on alginate and alginate-chitosan beads did not change significantly.     

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by chemically modified orange peel

Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out for the biosorption of Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) ions from aqueous solution using the grafted copolymerization-modified orange peel (OPAA). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the biosorption of the metal ions onto OPAA. The influences of pH and contact time of solution on the biosorption were studied. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake capacities for Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) ions were 476.1, 293.3 and 162.6 mg g(-1), respectively. Compared with the unmodified orange peel, the biosorption capacity of the modified biomass increased 4.2-, 4.6- and 16.5-fold for Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+), respectively. The kinetics for Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) ions biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The free energy changes (ΔG°) for Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) ions biosorption process were found to be -3.77, -4.99 and -4.22 kJ mol(-1), respectively, which indicates the spontaneous nature of biosorption process. FTIR demonstrated that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were involved in the biosorption of the metal ions. Desorption of Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Ni(2+) ions from the biosorbent was effectively achieved in a 0.05 mol L(-1) HCl solution.     

Dye removal by almond shell residues: Studies on biosorption performance and process design

The objective of this research paper is to assess the biosorption potential of almond shell residues for methyl orange dye. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the dye biosorption process with a good fitting. The relationship between the pseudo-second-order model constants and the biosorption performance was also evaluated. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model presenting that the biosorption was the monolayer coverage of dye on the biosorbent and the homogeneity of active sites for dye binding on the biosorbent surface. Based on the Langmuir model, a single-stage batch biosorber was also designed to predict the biosorbent mass for certain percentage dye removal. Besides, the standard Gibbs free energy change was also calculated to define the nature of biosorption process. These results revealed that the utilization of almond shell residues as dye biosorbent could be an interesting option from both environmental and economic point of view.     

灭活酵母对Sr2+的吸附行为及其受γ辐照的影响

以灭活面包酵母为原料,利用原子吸收光谱(AAS)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)等手段,研究吸附剂加入量、pH值等因素对其吸附效果的影响,并分析了γ辐照条件下灭活面包酵母菌对Sr2+的吸附动力学过程。结果显示,不同温度下酵母菌对Sr2+的吸附均是快速进行的反应过程,整个吸附过程中单位吸附量qt均存在30℃>20℃>10℃。不同温度下面包酵母菌对Sr2+的动力学二级吸附速率方程拟合程度非常好(R>0.999),其吸附反应过程中限速步骤是化学吸附过程。EDS分析进一步证明Sr2+被吸附到面包酵母细胞上。辐照后酵母菌对Sr2+的吸附效果要比相同温度条件下辐照前实验组略好。