基于TOC的业务外包决策模型研究

建立了业务外包决策问题的数学模型,阐述了标准约束理论下业务外包决策过程,指出了多瓶颈情形下标准TOC方法的不足,提出了集成作业成本法的改进模型,较好地解决了多瓶颈问题,分析了新模型制定短期决策和长期决策的侧重点.实践证明,新模型制定的业务外包决策比标准TOC方法模型更合理有效,企业获取的利润更大.     

一个改进的单抓钩周期性排序模型及其在自动化学处理线中的应用

计算机控制的抓钩广泛用于自动化学处理线的工件的运送。抓钩的排序直接影响系统的生产率，抓钩排序的目标是对运送进行排序以极大化生产率。当某工序处理时间非常长时，该工序成为瓶颈。为了去除该瓶颈，系统可以为该工序设计多个处理槽，这称为“多重处理槽”问题。本文提出一个改进的混合整数规划模型以求解有“多重处理槽”的单抓钩周期性排序问题的最优解。实例表明所提出的方法是有效的。     

企业CD段流水线的瓶颈分析与平衡改善

在生产线平衡原理及改善方法的基础上,以工作测定为依据,分析了企业CD段流水线的工作能力及其平衡状况,针对整条流水线的瓶颈,结合生产线实际情况提出了可行的持续改进方案,并对改进前后的方案进行了对比分析,达到了降低瓶颈工位工作时间、提升流水线平衡性、提高产能的目的,实际效果明显.     

工作研究在生产装配线优化设计的应用

运用工作研究的程序分析、操作分析和动作分析方法,对某公司电能表的生产装配线流程和节拍进行了详细的测定与分析,对有关瓶颈工序、不规则操作和不合理的动作等问题提出了改进优化方案,并对改进前后的方案进行了对比分析,实践证明改进效果明显。     

V5系列车用空调压缩机前后盖生产能力的扩充

阐述如何根据生产系统的扩充要求,应用“生产系统设计“的理论和方法,对原有V5系列车用空调压缩机前后盖生产系统进行生产能力分析,寻找生产能力瓶颈及提出改进方案,并在改进的基础上进行生产能力扩充规划的方法,步骤和过程。     

玩具厂装配流水线的瓶颈分析与平衡改善

运用工作测定与作业分析的方法,分析了某玩具厂装配流水线的工作过程与平衡状况,针对整条流水线中存在问题,结合生产实际提出了解决装配流水线瓶颈环节、改进流水线平衡的方案.通过实施改进方案,工序总数减少了3道, 瓶颈工作时间降低了4 s,装配流水线负荷效率提高了34.7%.     

锻压设备构件生产中的工艺优化措施

机械加工的负荷能力俨然成为企业正常发展的瓶颈,机加工资源浪费现象严重,资金投入和产出不成正比,锻压设备构件生产过程中,需要改进的地方非常多。本文根据锻压设备构件生产中,主要存在的问题和采取的有效措施及改善锻压设备生产过程中的解决瓶颈问题的效果进行阐述。     

一种求解JSP问题的混合蚁群算法

提出一种混合蚁群算法,并用其解决经典JSP问题.受转换瓶颈启发式算法的启示,将蚁群算法与禁忌搜索算法相结合,发现这种改进在防止早熟与加速收敛这对矛盾之间找到了一个比较好的结合点.     

一种动态识别瓶颈机床的前向启发算法

为了解决作业车间调度问题中的瓶颈漂移和动态识别问题,提出了一种动态识别瓶颈机床的前向启发算法.该算法引入搜索空间的概率分析方法,通过工序开工概率、工序对机床的独立需求概率、机床累计需求概率和3个量化参数,构造了以竞争高峰时段的机床负荷量大小为判定依据的瓶颈机床识别启发规则.实验结果表明该方法能够有效识别瓶颈机床,使得大规模作业车间调度的求解复杂度显著降低.     

基于约束理论的动态联盟业务流程再造分析

为了解决动态联盟管理与控制的困难和风险,提高动态联盟的效率以及核心竞争力,针对动态联盟进行企业流程再造是一种重要方式.基于约束理论并运用模糊评价方式,建立了动态联盟流程再造分析体系,提出了确定瓶颈的层次化的模糊综合评价算法.通过对瓶颈的追踪和确认,为进一步的流程再造提供方向,从而实现动态联盟绩效的改进.通过实例对研究进行了验证.     

供应链时间瓶颈及其价值评价研究

供应链整体的时间优化取决于少数的薄弱环节,即供应链上的"时间瓶颈",时间瓶颈包括能力瓶颈、不增值瓶颈、调度瓶颈和界面瓶颈四种形式,分析了形成这些瓶颈的主要因素;为了在多个瓶颈中确定突破重点,以瓶颈消除后供应链的产出速率和供应链总体流程周期的改善率为依据,建立了时间瓶颈的价值评价模型;总结了供应链上时间压缩和瓶颈消除应遵循的结构化程序.     

A statistical framework of data-driven bottleneck identification in manufacturing systems

Data-driven bottleneck identification has received an increasing interest during the recent years. This approach locates the throughput bottleneck of manufacturing systems based on indicators derived from measured machine performance metrics. However, the variability in manufacturing systems may affect the quality of bottleneck indicators, leading to possible inaccurate detection results. This paper presents a statistical framework (SF) to decrease the data-driven detection inaccuracy caused by system variability. Using several statistical tools as building blocks, the proposed SF is able to analyse the logical conditions under which a machine is detected as the bottleneck, and rejects the proposal of bottleneck when no sufficient statistical evidence is collected. A full factorial design experiment is used to study the parameter effects of the SF, and to calibrate the SF. The proposed SF was numerically verified to be effective in decreasing the wrong bottleneck detection rate in serial production lines.     

Bottleneck-based heuristics to minimize tardy jobs in a flexible flow line with unrelated parallel machines

This paper develops new bottleneck-based heuristics with machine selection rules to solve the flexible flow line problem with unrelated parallel machines in each stage and a bottleneck stage in the flow line. The objective is to minimize the number of tardy jobs in the problem. The heuristics consist of three steps: (1) identifying the bottleneck stage; (2) scheduling jobs at the bottleneck stage and the upstream stages ahead of the bottleneck stage; (3) using dispatching rules to schedule jobs at the downstream stages behind the bottleneck stage. A new approach is developed to find the arrival times of the jobs at the bottleneck stage, and two decision rules are developed to schedule the jobs on the bottleneck stage. This new approach neatly overcomes the difficulty of determining feasible arrival times of jobs at the bottleneck stage. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristics, six well-known dispatching rules are examined for comparison purposes. Six factors are used to design 729 production scenarios, and ten test problems are generated for each scenario. Computational results show that the proposed heuristics significantly outperform all the well-known dispatching rules. An analysis of the experimental factors is also performed and several interesting insights into the heuristics are discovered.     

"按订单"生产方式下瓶颈资源的确定

分析了瓶颈资源、缓冲、生产提前期之间的关系，以及目前各种用于确定约束资源的方法。针对工序能力比较接近的情况，提出了一种利用Q—GERT仿真技术来分析单一产品模式和多产品模式下确定瓶颈资源的方法，既能真实体现生产中的实际情况，也能准确确定系统中的瓶颈资源，从而使企业在保证较短的生产提前期的同时，大大节省人力和物力。     

Bottleneck detection of complex manufacturing systems using a data-driven method

Bottlenecks within a production line significantly affect system productivity. Most current bottleneck detection schemes focus on the long-term bottleneck detection problem using an analytical or simulation model. Furthermore, these studies are restricted to serial tandem lines only. This research focuses on extending the newly developed data-driven method for throughput bottleneck detection from a serial line to a manufacturing system with a complex layout. Within these complex systems, two specific layouts are considered: the concurrent process and the closed-loop feedback process. The method is verified using simulation case studies. An industrial case study is examined to demonstrate the practicality of this approach and to validate the efficiency of the proposed bottleneck detection method.     

Detecting bottlenecks in serial production lines – a focus on interdeparture time variance

This work addresses an important problem in industry – locating the bottleneck in a production line – and suggests a practical approach to accomplish that end. We describe and validate, using discrete event simulation, a novel method of bottleneck detection in open, asynchronous serial production lines with finite buffers. The technique uses a single measure – station interdeparture time variance – to locate the system bottleneck. The proposed method is compared to other bottleneck detection approaches and it is shown that the proposed method performs as well and sometimes better than other methods. We conclude that the proposed approach has a number of significant advantages. It is easy to use and implement, not requiring data about failure and repair times, raw process times, buffer sizes, etc., but instead uses a single piece of easily obtained real-time production line data – station work-in-process (WIP) interdeparture time. The proposed method can identify production constraints without the need to build an analytical or simulation model, is well suited for use in industry, and can be readily implemented in standard simulation tools.     

Data driven bottleneck detection of manufacturing systems

Bottlenecks within a production line significantly reduce the productivity. Quick and correct identification of the bottleneck locations can lead to an improvement in the operation management of utilising finite manufacturing resources, increasing the system throughput, and minimising the total cost of production. Most of the current bottleneck detection schemes focus on the long-term bottleneck detection problem and an analytical or simulation model is usually needed. Due to recent developments, short-term process control and quick decision making on the plant floor have emerged as important qualities for operation management. This research proposes a new data driven method for throughput bottleneck detection in both the short and long term. The method utilises the production line blockage and starvation probabilities and buffer content records to identify the production constraints without building an analytical or simulation model. The method has been verified both analytically and by simulation. An industrial case study has also been used in order to demonstrate the implementation and validate the efficiency of the proposed bottleneck detection method.     

CWIPL II,a mechanism for improving throughput and lead time in unbalanced flow line

Critical WIP loops II (CWIPL II) is a proposed material flow control mechanism for an unbalanced flow line environment. CWIPL II is based on CWIPL and it determines critical loops in unbalanced lines. The WIP of critical loops identifies the time of releasing raw material to the line. CWIPL II proposed a new classification for unbalanced flow line which is ‘near unbalanced flow line’ and ‘perfect unbalanced flow line’. In near unbalanced line, there is one bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if ‘WIP of the bottleneck’ or ‘WIP upstream the bottleneck’ is less than defined level. In perfect unbalanced line there are multiple bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if ‘WIP upstream the slowest machine’ or ‘WIP between two primary bottleneck’ is less than defined level. Like CWIPL, the necessary condition for releasing the raw material is ‘idleness of the first machine’. CWIPL II is compared with CONWIP and TOC by simulation. Different scenarios are employed in the comparison analysis. The scenarios address variables such as number of machines, processing time distribution, WIP target level. Location of slowest machine and location of two primary bottlenecks are considered in examples. Simulation results and statistical tests of 141 numerical examples show that CWIPL II improves lead time in near unbalanced line and throughput in perfect unbalanced line compared with TOC. Because of the trade off between line throughput and lead time, the mechanism that improves one of them while maintaining the other at previous level is valuable. It is shown that CWIPL II has improved TOC in the cases that TOC hasn’t improved CONWIP.     

基于价值流的飞机蒙皮族零件生产精益改善

为构建飞机蒙皮族零件精益生产单元,以公司目前的生产管理现状为切入点,绘制典型蒙皮族零件价值流图,找出加工过程中存在的瓶颈工序、生产计划粗放、钣金加工周期长等问题。以精益思想为指导,分别从拉动式物料需求、拉伸瓶颈工序优化、钣金加工工艺优化3个方面提出改善措施,实现生产过程精益化。实践证明,飞机蒙皮族零件交付周期缩短了30.0%,产能提高了26.8 %,创造直接经济收益55.1万元/a。     

医院放射科病人就诊精益价值流研究

试图讨论如何消除或减少放射科病人就诊的无价值服务流程及流程时间。精益价值流程图（Value Stream Mapping,VSM）是精益制造（Learn Manufacturing）框架下的一种用来描述物流和信息流的可视化工具,在传统制造业已经广泛应用。以精益价值流理论和方法为基础,借助仿真建模方法分析华西医院医技放射科病人就诊服务流程和流程时间,找出主要瓶颈流程。针对主要瓶颈流程进一步分析其瓶颈资源约束,发现其医师班均匀分配病人、诊断病例信息、撰写诊断报告的管理问题,从而得出改善方案和策略。精益管理的资源粗能力匹配机制是改善病人就诊服务流程的一种有效方法。