扩束光纤与宽波导光栅的光耦合特性

为了研究光纤与宽波导光栅的有效耦合,基于高斯光束与波导光栅的光耦合理论,以30μm宽波导光栅为研究对象,利用矩阵光学和高斯光束理论分析和设计了一种扩束光纤,并通过分析其耦合损耗,建立了扩束光纤与波导光栅耦合模型.优化所设计扩束光纤的结构参数后,得到束腰半径为10.8μm的输出光束.最后分析了扩束光纤的结构容差,并讨论了所设计扩束光纤的输出光束、单模光纤的输出光束以及束腰半径为16 μm的自由空间高斯光束各自在光栅表面的位置变化对光栅耦合效率的影响.可知扩束光纤输出的光束与单模光纤输出的光束相比具有较大的位置容差,与束腰半径为16 μm的自由空间高斯光束相比,光耦合效率基本相同.     

深蚀刻玻璃光波导光栅的研究

采用全息法制备了光刻胶光栅，并用该光栅掩膜离子蚀刻，刻得槽深为１．６μｍ的玻璃光栅，再采用Ｋ＾＋／Ｎａ＾＋交换法制备玻璃光波导光栅，用６３３ｎｍ波长激光由一端棱镜耦合输入，经过光栅，由另一端面输出，在实验中观察到多级布拉格衍射，一级布拉格衍射效率最高达９０％。     

光纤布拉格光栅应变与温度传感特性及其实验分析

对光纤布拉格光栅应变与温度传感特性进行了分析，理论计算了波长变化对传感系数的影响，提出了光纤光栅应变传感的温度补偿方法，并理论分析了光纤光栅温度和应变传感的耦合作用，最后，通过材料实验与等强度梁实验研究与分析了光纤光栅的应变与温度传感特性。理论分析与实验结果表明，两者吻合很好，光纤光栅的波长变化与应变和温度存在很好的线性关系，波长变化对传感系数的影响很小。     

光栅尺解调的分布式光纤光栅传感系统

提出了一种新的利用光栅尺解调一组光纤光栅布喇格波长移动的系统。当光纤光栅所受的应力或温度发生变化时,光纤光栅的布喇格波长会变化(移动)。本系统利用一组光纤光栅作为敏感元件置于被测场中;利用另一组光纤光栅作为跟踪元件,跟踪从作为敏感元件的光纤光栅反射回来的布喇格波长的移动。当作为跟踪元件的光纤光栅的布喇格波长与作为测量元件的光纤光栅的布喇格波长对准时,探测器探测到最大的光强,此时,记下光栅尺的输出作为系统的测量结果。采用数字化的方法确定反射回来的布喇格波长的峰值点,从而提高系统的测量精度,使系统的测量线性大于0.999。并利用一个测量分辨率为0.01μm的光栅尺读出系统的测量结果,使本系统对光纤光栅布喇格波长移动的测量分辨率小于1μ应变量。     

亚波长位相光栅矢量衍射理论的数值计算

从麦克斯韦方程组和电磁场的边界条件出发，用矢量衍射理论的模式匹配法对亚波长位相光栅的衍射进行了数值计算，在正入射的情况下，计算了反射波和透射波的场分布，并研究了光栅的结构参数（光栅深度、基底厚度、占空比等）对反射波和透射波各级衍射效率的影响。     

采用光纤布喇格光栅对的窄带光谱测试

利用光纤布喇格光栅的调谐特性，提出一个在光纤光栅调谐范围内对光纤光栅的布喇格波长、波长的漂移以及引起光纤光栅波长漂移的物理量进行检测的方案。采用悬臂梁结构，利用光纤布喇格光栅对的方法增大了光纤光栅的调谐范围。     

反射型阶梯光栅的特性分析

衍射效率是评价二元光学器件质量性能的重要指标之一.针对反射性阶梯光栅,利用几何方法计算出斜入射情况下光束在台阶边缘的光程差的分布情况,根据多缝夫琅和费衍射推导出反射型阶梯光栅的衍射光强表达式.并在此基础上,讨论了台阶数N取2和N趋向于无穷两种极限情况下阶梯光栅光强公式的变化情况,得到区别于一般文献所表达的衍射效率公式.初步试验表明,反射型阶梯光栅的衍射效率与台阶数、蚀刻深度与入射波长的比值均有密切相关.     

光纤Bragg光栅的特性及应用研究

介绍了光纤光栅研制及其应用研究的情况。研究包括：光纤光栅的基本特性,光纤光栅外腔半导体单频和锁模激光器、光纤光栅稳频光纤环形激光器和主动锁模光纤激光器、基于光纤光栅的波长转换器和基于啾啁光纤光栅的可调谐激光器等。     

光纤光栅温度调谐特性分析与实验

提出了均匀调制光纤光栅的热调谐数学模型,确定了储热与布拉格波长之间的数学关系,分析光纤光栅热敏度,计算出热调谐的响应时间。设计和建立了一套光纤光栅温度调谐实验装置,利用光谱分析仪测试出光纤光栅反射波长漂移量受温度变化的关系曲线。测试了0～100℃的温度变化过程中光纤光栅反射波中心波长调谐量,测得光纤光栅反射中心波长λB为1546.8～1548.8nm,每摄氏度光纤光栅反射光波的中心波长平均漂移量为0.0210nm/℃。讨论了波长调谐量与温度的变化方向的关系和调谐响应速度等问题。实验结果表明光纤光栅反射波长漂移量与温度具有比较好的线性关系,且与温度的变化方向无关。     

光纤光棚温度调谐特性分析与实验

提出了均匀调制光纤光栅的热调谐数学模型,确定了储热与布拉格波长之间的数学关系,分析光纤光栅热敏度,计算出热调谐的响应时间.设计和建立了一套光纤光栅温度调谐实验装置,利用光谱分析仪测试出光纤光栅反射波长漂移量受温度变化的关系曲线.测试了0-100℃的温度变化过程中光纤光栅反射波中心波长调谐量,测得光纤光栅反射中心波长λB为1546.8～1548.8nm,每摄氏度光纤光栅反射光波的中心波长平均漂移量为0.0210nm/℃.讨论了波长调谐量与温度的变化方向的关系和调谐响应速度等问题.实验结果表明光纤光栅反射波长漂移量与温度具有比较好的线性关系,且与温度的变化方向无关.     

光纤饱和吸收体稳频窄线宽光纤激光器

结合光纤饱和吸收体与光纤光栅法布里-珀罗标准具,研制出了全光纤结构1550nm单频窄线宽掺铒光纤环形激光器.采用两个976nm激光二极管双向抽运作为抽运源,高掺杂浓度铒光纤作为增益介质,以行波腔消除空间烧孔效应,利用光纤光栅法布里-珀罗标准具窄带选模特性,以10m长低掺铒光纤饱和吸收体稳频,得到了十分稳定的窄线宽激光输出.激光器抽运阈值功率21mW,在抽运光功率为145mW时输出光功率39mW,斜率效率30%,信噪比大于50dB.采用延迟自外差方法精确测量光纤激光器线宽小于10kHz.     

Broadband and high efficiency metal–multilayer dielectric grating based on non-quarter wave coatings as reflective mirror for 800 nm

A broadband and high efficiency metal–multilayer dielectric grating (MMDG), which was used to compress and stretch an ultra-short laser pulse in a chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system, was designed. The diffraction characteristics of the MMDG were analyzed using the method of rigorous coupled wave analysis. The reflective mirror used for the broadband and high diffraction grating is made up of non-quarter wave metal–multi-layer dielectric coatings. Taking the diffraction efficiency of the ?1 order as merit function, the parameters such as groove depth, residual thickness and reflective mirror were optimized to obtain broadband and high diffraction efficiency. The optimized MMDG shows an ultra-broadband working spectrum with an average efficiency exceeding 97% over 120?nm wavelength centered at 800?nm and TE polarization. The optimized MMDG should have potential application in CPA systems.     

Tunable 6.8 W narrow bandwidth emission from a single-stripe continuous-wave broad-area laser diode in a simple external cavity

An antireflection-coated broad-area laser diode with an emitter size of 400 microm x 1 microm and a chip length of 1500 microm is operated in a simple external cavity. For wavelength stabilization and to narrow the bandwidth a diffraction grating in a Littrow configuration is used. At an injection current of 9 A up to 6.8 W of optical output power and a resulting slope efficiency of 0.8 W/A could be achieved. Further, the bandwidth could be narrowed to 100 pm (FWHM), and a tuning range of 40 nm around 976 nm was obtained.     

太阳光下可调谐激光脉冲的波长和入射方向的实时测试和系统研究

提出了在恶劣环境条件下,应用衍射光栅测量宽波长范围可调谐脉冲激光波长和入射方向的实时测试方法,并设计了实验系统,在该实验系统中,光电传感器采用了ATMEL公司的50 MHz线阵探测器,由高速度数字信号处理器TMS320VC5509处理该传感器获得的信号,获得入射激光的波长和入射方向,实验结果表明,该系统能达到10ns的波长分辩率和1(°)的角度分辩率;该测试方法可用在相干探测激光告警接收机中.     

外腔激光器实现波长变换的理论及实验

理论上从半导体激光器的速率方程出发,利用其增益饱和效应,提出了光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器实现波长变换的理论模型。利用此模型对入射波为高斯波时的波长变换进行了数值模拟。实验实测了光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器的波长变换前后的谱线,得到带宽 0.1nm,边模抑制比为37.9dB 的激光谱线,并且利用此波长的外腔激光器得到了波长转换间隔为 8nm 的激光谱线。理论分析和实验结果证明,光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器在实现波长变换方面具有很好的线性响应特性。     

Free-space wavelength-multiplexed optical scanner

A wavelength-multiplexed optical scanning scheme is proposed for deflecting a free-space optical beam by selection of the wavelength of the light incident on a wavelength-dispersive optical element. With fast tunable lasers or optical filters, this scanner features microsecond domain scan setting speeds and large- diameter apertures of several centimeters or more for subdegree angular scans. Analysis performed indicates an optimum scan range for a given diffraction order and grating period. Limitations include beam-spreading effects based on the varying scanner aperture sizes and the instantaneous information bandwidth of the data-carrying laser beam.     

Grating coupler dispersion compensation with a surface-relief reflection grating

Experimental results are presented that show that diffraction off a surface-relief reflection grating can be used to extend the FWHM input coupling efficiency versus the coupled-light wavelength of a grating coupler from 0.7 to 17 nm. Use of a surface-relief reflection grating allows high diffraction efficiency over a wide wavelength range. Dispersion-matching calculations are included that illustrate that for certain output coupling applications the FWHM can be extended to 33 am. Analysis shows that for inputcoupling applications the lateral beam shift resulting from angular dispersion may be the limiting factor for wavelength compensation.     

Free-space wavelength-multiplexed optical scanner demonstration

Experimental demonstration of a no-moving-parts free-space wavelength-multiplexed optical scanner (W-MOS) is presented. With fast tunable lasers or optical filters and planar wavelength dispersive elements such as diffraction gratings, this microsecond-speed scanner enables large several-centimeter apertures for subdegree angular scans. The proposed W-MOS design incorporates a unique optical amplifier and variable optical attenuator combination that enables the calibration and modulation of the scanner response, leading to any desired scanned laser beam power shaping. The experimental setup uses a tunable laser centered at 1560 nm and a 600-grooves/mm blazed reflection grating to accomplish an angular scan of 12.92 degrees as the source is tuned over an 80-nm bandwidth. The values for calculated maximum optical beam divergance, required wavelength resolution, beam-pointing accuracy, and measured scanner insertion loss are 1.076 mrad, 0.172 nm, 0.06 mrad, and 4.88 dB, respectively.     

High-power widely tunable thulium fiber lasers

Applications requiring long-range atmospheric propagation are driving the development of high-power thulium fiber lasers. We report on the performance of two different laser configurations for high-power tunable thulium fiber lasers: one is a single oscillator utilizing a volume Bragg grating for wavelength stabilization; the other is a master oscillator power amplifier system with the oscillator stabilized and made tunable by a diffraction grating. Each configuration provides >150 W of average power, >50% slope efficiency, narrow output linewidth, and >100 nm tunability in the wavelength range around 2 μm.