磁控溅射工艺参数对涤纶机织物基纳米金属薄膜抗静电性能的影响

在室温条件下采用磁控溅射技术在涤纶机织物表面沉积金属薄膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察纳米金属薄膜的表面形貌,通过分别改变磁控溅射工艺参数溅射时间、溅射功率和气体压强,研究其对试样抗静电性能的影响。实验结果表明,溅射时间和溅射功率对镀金属薄膜试样的抗静电性能均影响较大,而气体压强影响相对较小。溅射时间40min、溅射功率120W、气体压强1.6Pa工艺条件下,镀Cu膜试样的抗静电性能最好;溅射时间40min、溅射功率120W、气体压强1Pa或1.6Pa工艺条件下,镀Ag膜试样的抗静电性能最好,而且镀Ag比镀Cu薄膜试样的抗静电性能更优异。     

生长参数对Si1-xGex:C合金薄膜中元素分布的影响

用化学气相淀积方法在Si(100)衬底上外延生长Ge组分渐变的Si1-xGexC合金薄膜.本文通过能量色散谱仪乔(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金薄膜的元素深度分布和表面形貌进行了表征,分析研究了外延层的生长温度、生长时间对Si1-xGexC合金薄膜性质的影响.结果表明,Si1-xGexC外延层生长温度和生长时间一定范围内的增加加强了岛与岛之间的合并,促进了衬底Si原子向表面扩散、表面Ge原子向衬底扩散,且生长温度比生长时间对Si、Ge原子互扩散的影响大.     

CdZnTe晶体欧姆接触电极的制备工艺研究

高阻CdZnTe晶体是X射线及γ射线探测最优秀的材料.制备CdZnTe探测器最关键的技术之一就是在CdZnTe表面制备出欧姆接触薄膜电极.关于在CdZnTe晶体表面制备接触电极用导电薄膜,大都是采用蒸发镀膜技术,膜层与CdZnTe晶体结合不很牢固.本论文主要开展了在CdZnTe晶体上欧姆接触电极的选材和制备工艺的研究.理论分析了金属与CdZnTe半导体的接触关系,根据影响因素选择Cu/Ag合金作为电极薄膜材料.利用射频磁控溅射法成功地在CdZnTe晶体上制备出Cu/Ag膜.研究发现Cu/Ag合金膜的电阻率随溅射功率的增大而增大、衬底温度的升高而降低.从理论上对这一规律进行了解释.     

ZrO2（YSZ）衬底和YBa2Cu3O7—δ超导膜的相互作用

研究了不同晶向的 ZrO_2(YSZ)与 YBa_2Cu_3O_(?)超导膜的相互作用。结果表明:衬底 ZrO_2的晶向对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)晶粒取向有明显影响,在<100>ZrO_2上制备的超导膜,超导晶粒 c 轴平行于衬底表面,出现择优取向;在 Y-Ba-Cu-O/ZrO_2上铜晶粒的析出是由于超导膜与 ZrO_2界面反应引起的;用俄歇能谱(AES)和背散射技术(RBS)都观察到了 Ba、Cu 原子向衬底的内扩散;同时,实验证实了在 ZrO_2衬底上热蒸发(?)薄层 Ag 对衬底反应有强压制作用,并在 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)/Ag/ZrO_2样品中观察到了超导晶粒 c 轴在垂直于衬底方向出现择优取向。     

生长参数对Si_(1-x)Ge_x∶C合金薄膜中元素分布的影响

用化学气相淀积方法在Si(100)衬底上外延生长Ge组分渐变的Si1-xGex∶C合金薄膜。本文通过能量色散谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金薄膜的元素深度分布和表面形貌进行了表征,分析研究了外延层的生长温度、生长时间对Si1-xGex∶C合金薄膜性质的影响。结果表明,Si1-xGex∶C外延层生长温度和生长时间一定范围内的增加加强了岛与岛之间的合并,促进了衬底Si原子向表面扩散、表面Ge原子向衬底扩散,且生长温度比生长时间对Si、Ge原子互扩散的影响大。     

阳极氧化铝的原子层淀积封孔研究

制备了多孔阳极氧化铝,利用原子层淀积技术对其封孔,借助场发射扫描电镜(SEM)分析了样品的表面及剖面形貌,对样品进行染色处理,利用酸性点滴试验测试样品抗腐蚀性能。结果表明:阳极氧化处理形成大孔径约为16 nm的多孔膜,多孔膜在循环50次的原子层淀积下能实现表面封孔而内部有空结构;经封孔后的样品抗染色及抗腐蚀能力增强。     

GaN负电子亲和势光电阴极材料的生长研究

采用低压金属有机化学汽化淀积法在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上生长2~5μm厚度的P-AlxGa1-xN/GaN层(0     

在硅片上制备SnO_2敏感膜

本文介绍采用真空蒸镀与低温氧化相结合的工艺,在生长有氧化层的硅片上利用金属Sn制备SnO_2敏感膜。它较化学气相淀积法易于控制,并可充分利用硅平面工艺生产线现有设备,所制备的SnO_2敏感膜经扫描电镜形貌分析,其粒径小于1μm,且对乙醇,甲烷都有一定的敏感性。到目前为止,制备SnO_2敏感膜的方法有:高频溅射,直流溅射,化学气相淀积,高频等离子激活化学气相淀积,真空蒸镀等。这些方法主要是用锡的氧化物和锡盐将SnO_2膜制作在绝缘衬底(Al_2O_3)上。众所周知,采用溅射方法需要昂贵的设备,而化学气相淀积法(CVD)所需工艺参数较多,难于控制,且对环境要求较严,而我们采用的真空蒸镀同低温氧化相结合的方法,工艺参数较少,对环境要求不象CVD那样严格,更主要的是可以利用硅平面工艺生产线现有设备制成厚度均匀,粒径合适,对某些气体和湿度都灵敏的敏感膜。     

稀土金属Tb在GaAs(100)表面的吸附及其界面形成的研究

利用同步辐射光电子能谱技术研究了Tb/GaAs(10 0 )界面的吸附过程和界面形成。通过对价带谱及高分辨率的Ga,As芯能级谱的研究表明 ,在较低的覆盖度下 (<0 2nm) ,Tb与GaAs衬底的反应很弱 ,形成较突变的金属 /半导体界面。当Tb的覆盖度增加时 ,As 3d和Ga 3d的表面发射峰很快消失 ,Tb与衬底发生反应 ,置换出Ga而与As形成化学键。同时Ga原子会向Tb薄膜内扩散并偏析到表面 ,而Tb As化合物只停留在界面附近区域。当Tb淀积到 0 6nm时 ,Tb膜金属化。     

光电子能谱研究表面氧对三种金属-GaAs(110)界面的影响

用紫外光电子能谱(UPS)和x光电子能谱(XPS)研究了十分之几单层(ML)的氧化学吸附在GaAs(110)清洁解理面后,对随后淀积的金属与GaAs所形成的界面的影响。实验表明,表面氧不仅在金属覆盖的初始阶段(少于0.2ML)阻止金属原子或成团金属与衬底的直接作用,而且在金属(包括贵金属银、金和活泼金属铝)覆盖量增加时,延滞了金属与衬底的混杂或直接作用,氧的存在又延迟了三维岛状结构的形成。虽然化学行径与铝不同的银和金在氧化的GaAs表面有不少相似,但从自旋轨道分裂峰出现的差异中,包隐着两种界面的差别。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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