材料数据库在选材中的应用

工程领域中的选材是一个非常复杂的过程,材料数据库应用于选材具有明显的优势。本文介绍了国内外材料数据库的研究现状及其在选材领域的应用,以耐磨料磨损材料数据库系统为例详细介绍了数据库选材的过程,充分说明材料数据库选材方便易用、准确快捷,由此得出计算机化选材必将成为一种发展趋势的结论。     

基于知识图谱的槽式太阳能集热器研究可视化计量分析

作为重要的绿色节能技术，槽式太阳能聚光集热器在中低温太阳能热利用领域中具有良好的应用前景。基于Web of Science数据库，借助可视化工具VOSviewer和Citespace软件对全球槽式集热器领域研究文献进行了统计梳理，全面分析了该研究领域的研究态势、发展历程以及研究热点。结果表明全球槽式集热器领域发展整体呈现增长态势，发文量逐年攀升，但该领域不同团队之间的合作较少，以团队内部成员合作居多；聚类分析表明研究主要集中在有机朗肯循环、聚光太阳能发电以及纳米流体研究等方面，且近年来通过建立数理模型对槽式集热器系统进行性能优化已成为主要研究热点。     

基于知识图谱的情境感知交互设计研究综述

目的 为了厘清情境感知的相关术语概念与研究发展动态,借助可视化知识图谱分析工具,对情境感知在交互设计领域的研究进展、研究热点与发展趋势进行分析梳理。方法 首先,从多学科角度梳理情境的定义、情境感知的涵义以及情境化设计方法。其次,运用文献计量软件VOSviewer以及CiteSpace对中国知网CNKI数据库与Web of Science核心合集数据库中的文献数据进行分析。通过VOSviewer分析国内情境交互的研究内容与研究热点,得到情境感知交互设计是目前情境交互领域研究的热点主题。再结合CiteSpace对Web of Science核心合集数据库中情境感知在交互设计领域的研究发文数量分布、期刊分布、合作国家分布、     

多媒体数据库MBase及其面向对象数据模型

ＭＢａｓｅ是我们正在开发的一个多媒体数据库管理系统研究原型，其目的是较为通用地支持对共亨多媒体数据资源的统一管理、集成采编以及过程化运算处理。它由一个数据库管理系统核心部分和若干界面软件所构成。本文介绍了ＭＢａｓｅ的系统结构、面向对象数据模型、多媒体数据处理的类型体系以及目前开发的一个界面软件的主要数据库操纵与多媒体集成数据采编特征。     

面向对象的图形数据库查询技术实现

论述了应用图形数据库的概念来组织和管理图形数据。图形数据库是一种面相对象的工程数据库管理系统，是工程数据库在图形设计领域的应用。引入了图形数据库查询语言GDQL(Graphic Database Query Language)。GDQL是以对象数据管理组织(Object Data Management Group，简称ODMG)组织的对象查询语言(Object Query Language，简称OQL)标准为蓝本，采用类SQL形式，专用于图形数据库的查询语言。介绍了面向对象图形数据库的一般查询方法、图形数据库的查询处理器结构、GDQL的语言描述以及查询优化等内容。     

中国材料生命周期评价数据模型及数据库开发

作为数据密集型方法,高质量的数据是开展材料生命周期评价的重要前提,数据的可靠性直接影响着材料生命周期评价结果的可信度和应用性能。建设符合国情的材料生命周期环境负荷基础数据库,是我国开展LCA(Life Cycle Assessment)实践的基础数据保障和技术支撑。根据ISO14040系列国际标准,关于LCA分析的基本框架,从技术领域、环境领域和价值领域分析了LCA实践的数据要求和计算需求,建立了各领域实体的数据模型及清单数据的计算模型,完成了中国材料环境负荷数据库(Sinocenter 2.0)的总体框架设计和数据库详细设计,并对数据库进行了兼容性分析;进一步简要介绍了数据库的主要内容,并在此基础上开展了水泥能耗分析、材料生态设计等应用软件开发,以及面向互联网及大数据的LCA数据库的应用研究;探讨了材料环境负荷数据库技术将来的主要研究内容和研究方向。     

浅谈数据库信息安全问题

数据库信息安全问题一直是数据库管理的一个重要问题,数据库数据的丢失或篡改以及数据库被非法用户侵入,盗取数据库数据等,使得对数据库信息安全性的研究尤为重要。     

浅谈网络数据库安全控制策略

网络数据库在电子商务,电子政务等领域的应用日新月异。然而,如何保证开放网络环境中网络信息系统的安全一直是一个严重而又关键的问题,作为其核心的网络数据库的安全性涉及网络信息管理系统各个方面的全局性问题,是保证整个信息管理系统安全的关键。本文讨论了网络数据库的模式以及网络数据库安全性存在的问题,并介绍了网络数据库的安全控制策略。     

对安全数据库的两种实现方式的对比分析

随着计算机和网络技术的日益发展和不断普及,计算机信息的安全就逐渐成为系统成败关键的一个重要因素。而数据库作为信息的载体,它的安全也就自然成为信息安全研究领域一个热门话题。数据库的安全问题主要是集中在其数据共享问题。而本文则对安全数据库的两种实现方式作出了一番探讨。     

数据库架构在计算机软件制作上的应用

随着互联网的快速发展，计算机应用的领域不断加大，计算机成为了各个行业最普遍应用的高科技产物。这是科技的进步，也是互联网提供的便利。互联网的发展和应用已经渗透到了生产生活当中信息科技的各个方面，尤其是在数据库的索引、记录、工业工程架构设计、方案运行、网络测试等方面，都给计算机应用提供着便捷式的一站式服务。计算机数据库的应用打破了原有的传统模式，满足了信息增长纪录，对数据库的存储技术的要求也有了很大的提高，数据库架构的建立和应用也要跟随需求来满足。本文旨在从数据库的建立、数据库的模型介绍、数据库的架构和计算机软件的介绍以及数据库架构在计算机软件的应用上进行详细的介绍，进而由数据库架构的特点为计算机软件制作提供必要的理论支撑和现实的指导。     

A decade of database research publications: a look inside

The database management technology has played a vital role in the advancements of the information technology field. Database researchers are one of the key players and main sources to the growth of the database systems. They are playing a foundational role in creating the technological infrastructure from which database advancements evolve. We analyze the database research publications of nine top-tier and prestigious database research venues. In particular, we study the publications of four major core database technology conferences (SIGMOD, VLDB, ICDE, EDBT), two main theoretical database conferences (PODS, ICDT) and three database journals (TODS, VLDB Journal, TKDE) over a period of 10 years (2001–2010). Our analysis considers only regular papers as we do not include short papers, demo papers, posters, tutorials or panels into our statistics. In this study, we report the list of the authors with the highest number of publications for each conference/journal separately and in combined. We analyze the preference of the database research community towards publishing their work in prestigious conferences or major database journals. We report about the most successful co-authorship relationships in the database research community in the last decade. Finally, we analyze the growth in the number of research publications and the size of the research community in the last decade.     

Benchmarking regional innovative performance: composite measures and direct innovation counts

There is a considerable amount of discussion, but still no consensus, about which indicator should be used to measure innovation. To participate in this debate, a unique innovation database, SFINNO, is introduced. Innovation counts from the database are used as the baseline, to which individual proxy indicators (patent- and research and development statistics) of innovation and innovation indexes, constructed here with principal component analysis, are compared. The local administrative units of Finland serve as the regional units benchmarked. The study results show that innovation is a complex phenomenon which cannot be entirely explained through the use of proxy statistics, as the linkages between innovation input- and output-indicators are fuzzy. We also show that the strength of these linkages varies by field of technology. Furthermore, different innovation measures produce highly divergent rankings when they are used as benchmarking tools of regional innovative performance. Although the produced innovation indexes perform slightly better, their superiority is marginal. Therefore, caution should be taken before drawing too drastic policy conclusions depending on a single measure of regional innovative performance.     

一种查询反馈驱动的自适应统计信息管理方法

用一种查询反馈(query feedback,QF)驱动的方法对数据库管理系统的自适应统计信息管理进行了研究,设计了一个自适应统计信息管理系统的模型,开发了一个统计信息自动创建机制,研究了一种基于更新感知的统计信息更新方法,针对捕获的各种更新操作消息设计了有效的统计信息更新规则,并给出了关键算法。该方法利用执行器执行更新操作的反馈来更新统计信息,避免了对表数据的扫描,降低了计算量,提高了统计信息的更新效率和数据库系统的查询效率,同时又保证了统计信息的准确性,其有效性通过实验得到了证明。     

A sequential tree approach for incremental sequential pattern mining

“Sequential pattern mining” is a prominent and significant method to explore the knowledge and innovation from the large database. Common sequential pattern mining algorithms handle static databases. Pragmatically, looking into the functional and actual execution, the database grows exponentially thereby leading to the necessity and requirement of such innovation, research, and development culminating into the designing of mining algorithm. Once the database is updated, the previous mining result will be incorrect, and we need to restart and trigger the entire mining process for the new updated sequential database. To overcome and avoid the process of rescanning of the entire database, this unique system of incremental mining of sequential pattern is available. The previous approaches, system, and techniques are a priori-based frameworks but mine patterns is an advanced and sophisticated technique giving the desired solution. We propose and incorporate an algorithm called STISPM for incremental mining of sequential patterns using the sequence tree space structure. STISPM uses the depth-first approach along with backward tracking and the dynamic lookahead pruning strategy that removes infrequent and irregular patterns. The process and approach from the root node to any leaf node depict a sequential pattern in the database. The structural characteristic of the sequence tree makes it convenient and appropriate for incremental sequential pattern mining. The sequence tree also stores all the sequential patterns with its count and statistics, so whenever the support system is withdrawn or changed, our algorithm using frequent sequence tree as the storage structure can find and detect all the sequential patterns without mining the database once again.     

金属增材制造技术发展趋势综述

近年来金属增材制造技术的快速发展,使其在航空航天、医疗行业、汽车制造等领域得到了大量应用.本文简要介绍了金属增材制造的典型工艺、金属粉末和金属丝材的制备方法以及基于文献统计的方法分析金属增材制造目前的研究热点和发展趋势.结果 表明,金属增材制造技术在仿真设计、制造工艺、过程监控、质量评估、后续处理等领域还没有形成完善的...     

Scientific collaboration in biotechnology: the case of the northeast region in Brazil

The objective of this study is to investigate scientific collaboration in biotechnology in the northeast region of Brazil. The data presented refer to the 1980–2010 period and were collected from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development platform database known as Lattes (a compilation of curricula vitae of researchers in Brazil, including a record of their scientific production) and from the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science database. Our analysis involved the use of bibliometric indicators, specifically co-authorship between or among institutions, as well as the evaluation of social networks and multivariate statistics. Overall, we verified that collaboration takes place mostly at the intra-institutional level. At intra-regional scale, we could observe the development of four clusters in relation to the collaboration dynamics, in which geographic proximity stands out as grouping factor. At the interregional level, the partnerships revolve around institutions that count with laboratory infrastructure and research tradition in the field of biotechnology. Regarding international collaboration, it remains connected to national scientific cooperation programs.     

企业经营范围文本自动分类方法探究

随着各种数字化信息不断增长,如何对大量文档信息进行科学归类成为亟待解决的问题。文本自动分类方法成为目前解决该问题的一项关键技术。我国目前有超过1,000万的企业,企业经营范围是企业从事经营活动的具体描述。本文以企业经营范围数据为基础,根据其结构特征,以及与经济行业的关系,利用大规模文本数据的切分词优化、统计分类推断、属性关联分析等关键技术,通过在组织机构代码数据库中提炼相关数据进行实验比对分析,从而得出一种实用、高效的企业经营范围的文本自动分类方法。     

机械制造企业失效分析数据库的开发及应用

针对笔者公司目前失效分析工作中存在的问题，开发了失效分析数据库，并在企业中进行了应用。失效分析数据库在失效分析案例文字和图片的保存、失效分析案例的查询和统计、同类失效件失效原因的归纳总结、失效分析人员经验的积累、零件生产环节质量的监控和管理等方面发挥了重要作用。     

To include or not: the role of review papers in citation-based analysis

Citation information helps researchers observe the evolution of the knowledge. In scientific publications, a review paper discusses a professional field and thus tends to have more citations than general papers do. This study investigated whether specific characteristics of review papers induce different results in citation-based analysis. From the Scopus database, we collected scientific publications in a specific research field, e-tourism, to examine the role of review papers in citation-based analysis. The dataset includes 1421 publications covering the period from the 1988–2015. Empirical statistics show that review papers’ specific citation patterns influence citation analysis. First, in the main path analysis, the result expresses review papers’ integrative role in linking papers from diverse perspectives toward a clear mainstream topic. Second, in a well-defined research context, review papers introduce bias in citation-based clustering analysis because the specific high citation pattern in review papers obfuscates the grouping process. When using citation information in analysis, scholars must consider the purpose of the study and treat review papers distinctly to avoid bias when using certain analysis methods and datasets.