基于硅光电池的照度测量设计

研究以硅光电池作为光感传感器,实现对光照度的测量。硅光电池输出弱电流信号通过调理、放大,接至单片机的A／D输入端,单片机对相应的电压信号进行采集和处理,通过线性化处理、工程量转换等方法,实现对100-5000Lx范围照度的测量。照度的精确检测除可以有效指导光度的调节外,还可针对密封环境中化学反应物发光强度来估计反应物的成分。     

数显式万工显数显装置常见故障及处理

一、数显装置的工作原理数显装置由光栅传感器和光栅数显表组成 ,基本组成部分如图 1。光栅传感器的结构如图 2。光源 1发出的光经聚光镜 2形成平行光 ,通过主光栅 3和副光栅 4产生明暗相间的莫尔条纹 ,当主、副光栅发生相对位移时 ,莫尔条纹发生相应变化 ,光电接收器 5 (一般为硅光电池或光电三极管 )接收莫尔条纹信号 ,并将光信号转换为电信号 ,此电信号随莫尔条纹的变化而变化 ,其变化的曲线近似为正弦波 ,经滤波、放大、整形、计数、送入计算机处理 ,在数显表上给出结果 ,并可打印、记录。数显装置采用的是开启式光栅传感器 ,在图 2中 :…     

低频力学谱测试仪光电变换器调零装置的改进设计

LMA-1型低频力学谱测试仪在内耗测试中,光电变换器的调零用时长、过程烦琐,严重影响了内耗的测试.本文设计了一个光电变换器的调零装置,将光电池的差动输出信号转换为脉冲信号,驱动步进电机调整光电变换器的位置,由此形成一个闭环负反馈,在没有上位机的控制下能实现光电变换器的快速自动调零.该装置运行平稳,调零用时短,减小了上位...     

生物组织微弱散射光的检测装置

首先讨论了生物组织中光传播的高散射特点以有散射光测量方法,建立了组织散射光检测装置,分析了光电池的光电特性及其用于生物散射光检测的可行性。并通过实测给出了使用光电池对人体皮肤、腺瘤等组织的散射光信号的检测结果。     

含有p-n单元的苝聚酰亚胺的三元共聚及敏化光电池性能研究

设计、合成并表征了含有p-n(供电子-吸电子)单元的苝聚酰亚胺,并研究了其作为敏化电极材料的光电池的性能.产物为非晶态.从电子谱中计算出其能带带宽为2.19eV,用电化学循环伏安法中计算得到其电子亲和势(Ea,最低空轨道能级)为-3.94eV,离子势(IP,最高占据轨道能级的绝对值)为6.13eV,其能级与二氧化钛的能级相匹配,对二氧化钛有较好的敏化作用.光电池的光电流作用谱(IPCE)与紫外电子谱十分相似,来源于相同的分子结构吸收.光电压与光强之间有指数的关系.用苝聚酰亚胺为敏化剂的光电池的光电转换效率为0.9%.     

提高镭射光柱卡纸色标光检测信号识别精度研究

目的 针对凹版印刷以镭射光柱纸作为承印物,镭射光柱对色标检测传感器产生干扰,致使镭射光柱纸不能使用传统套印工艺进行印刷,提出一种可直接在镭射光柱区域直接印刷套准色标的新工艺与技术方案。方法 对色标传检测感器检测原理进行分析,分析镭射光柱纸的特点以及对色标传感器造成的干扰。根据镭射光柱光谱反射率曲线来进行滤光镜片的选取,同时也加入衰减镜片以及消光膜进行组合实验测量电压,实验使用松德凹印机组进行。以白卡纸套印电压作为参考,选取不同镜片组合进行生产打样。结果 镜片组合可以滤除镭射光柱,色标传感器能准确检测色标光信号,上机打样满足高精度多色套印,且不需要复杂的镂空、遮盖工艺,节省了一组色序,并节省了2%的承印物原材料。结论 对色标检测传感器检测原理的分析以及对镭射光柱纸的光谱反射率曲线的测量,实现了使用滤光镜片组合对镭射光柱的滤除,证明了套准标记可直接印刷在镭射光柱区域的可行性。同时,提高了承印物的利用率,减低了油墨使用量。     

对《使用K-90扩音机遇到的问题》一文的讨论

阅《影视技术》 2 0 0 1年第6期 ,秦皇岛视听机械研究所刘竟先同志的《使用 K-90扩音机遇到的问题》一文后 ,认为有必要针对 K-90型扩音机谈一谈笔者的看法和实验结果。一、首先应该肯定 ,K-90型扩音机不存在只能使用哪种型号的硅光电池的问题。根据笔者用 2 CR1 1、 2 CR2 1和原机的 2 CR3 1三种型号的硅光电池在 K-90型扩音机进行实验的结果看 ,在用做电影还音作光电转换的特定条件下 ,三种型号的硅光电池光电转换效率和灵敏度相差不大 ,均可用在所有电影扩音机上 ,只要保证照射在光电池上的光斑不要超出接收面即可。在其他条件不变的…     

一种应用于振动环境下的光电转速传感器

研究一种应用于振动环境下的光电转速传感器,该传感器采用光电转换的原理测量机轮转速的数值,将前端的机轮转速信号转换为相应的电信号输出,然后通过电信号推算出机轮的转速值,设计方法可以满足转速测量的需求。针对航空高强度振动的环境,分析光电转速传感器在振动环境下的失效原因,优化传感器结构。通过对传感器的仿真分析和振动试验测试表明该光电转速传感器在高振动环境下具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,能够应用于航空系统中机轮轮速测量。     

二维数字阵列光电位置敏感器件新式结构研究

简要阐述光电位置敏感器件的特点、工作原理,根据光电位置敏感器件的原理和光电位置方程,分析了背景光与测量精度的关系.在此基础上,利用低峰探测仪的双极性三极管将像素M(i,j)的行与列位线联系起来,用来检测最大光强度的像素,显示出最低输出电压,使位线与其输出电压相对应;采用分布图像的峰值检波器来模拟预处理光电信号,通过数字转换得到图像的重心位置;采用集中平行的模拟计算估算射到感光区的光分布的重心,并通过时钟比较器得到数字化图像.给出了检测位置的二维光电传感器阵列、显示与图像数量的平方根成正比功耗关系式以及几个重要结论.     

灵敏度自动设定的色标检测传感器

色标检测方法从原理上分为色度学方法和光度学方法两种。根据光度学色标、底色色差检 测原理,设计了灵敏度自动设定的色标检测传感器,该传感器由同轴光学系统和单片机构成,软件主要包括光源色自动选择判别算法,灵敏度自动设定算法及灵敏度设定点动态修正算法。实际应用表明该传感器给使用带来方便,且提高了动态检测可靠性。     

物体表面色的双光束平行检测

介绍了一种用于物体表面色检测的双光束多通道系统,采用脉冲光源模拟标准Ｄ６５有,由ＳＰＤ对颜色进行光谱的平探测,经过精密的光谱定标和光度定标,并结合软件功能,实现了物体色的快速精测量。     

双光路多通道颜色快速计测系统

介绍一种用于物体色快速测量的双光路多通道系统。     

Bioinspired structural color sensors based on responsive soft materials

Structural colors in nature have inspired the design of diverse photonic structures, which can interact with light via interference, diffraction or scattering. Among them, responsive soft material-involved photonic structures uniquely feature large volumetric changes upon external stimuli. The volumetric changes result in peak/valley shift of reflection spectra and perceptible color changes, providing responsive soft material-based structural color systems capability of serving as sensors for detecting chemical and biological analytes. Synthetic polymers and some natural materials are the most studied and utilized responsive soft materials for constructing structural color sensors, by tuning the thickness and morphology of formed films, or incorporating them into template structures, or their self-assembling. In this review article, structural colors in nature are firstly introduced, followed by discussing recent developments of promising responsive soft material-based structural color sensors, including the design of structural color sensors based on synthetic polymers and natural materials, as well as their applications for chemical sensing, biosensing, and multi-analyte sensing with sensor arrays. For specific sensing of chemicals and biomolecules, the sensing performance is evaluated in terms of detection range, sensitivity, response time, and selectivity. For multi-analyte sensing, cross-reactive structural sensor arrays based on simply a single soft material will be shown capable of discriminating various series of similar compounds. The future development of structural color sensors is also proposed and discussed.     

Influence of the correlated color temperature of a light source on the color discrimination capacity of the observer

It is well known that there are different preferences in correlated color temperature of light sources for daily living activities or for viewing artistic paintings. There are also data relating the capacity of observers to make judgments on color differences with the spectral power distribution of the light source used. The present work describes a visual color discrimination experiment whose results confirm the existence of a relationship between the correlated color temperature of a light source and the color discrimination capacities of the observers.     

Illuminance formation and color difference of mixed-color light emitting diodes in a rectangular light pipe: an analytical approach

We developed an analytical method of illuminance formation for mixed-color LEDs in a rectangular light pipe in order to derive American National Standards Institute (ANSI) light uniformity, ANSI color uniformity, and color difference of light output using photometry, nonimaging, and colorimetry. The analytical results indicate that the distributions of illuminance and color difference vary with different geometric structures of light pipes and the location of the light sources. It was found that both the ANSI light and the ANSI color uniformity on the exit plane of the light pipe are reduced exponentially with the increase in length of the light pipe. It is evident that a length scale L/A greater than unity assures that the mixed-color LED sources on the entrance plane are uniformly illuminated with acceptable uniform brightness and color on the exit plane of the rectangular light pipe, where L is the length of the light pipe, and A is a constant, which is a geometric parameter for the scale unit of the light pipe's input face. Furthermore, the ANSI light uniformity can be minimized, and the ANSI color uniformity can be maximized under the condition of multilight-source locations P=Q= +/- A/4, where P and Q are the coordinates along the long axis and the short axis, respectively, with one being the entrance plane of the light pipe. We can conclude that the optimum form factor of the light pipe is a square shaped cross section, with the length scale L/A being equal to unity and with multilight sources located individually on positions of A/4 in order to achieve very uniform illuminations with the highest light efficiency and compact package for the optical system with mixed-color LEDs, where L is the length of the light pipe.     

Chromatic plasmonic polarizers for active visible color filtering and polarimetry

Color filters are widely used in color displays, optical measurement devices, and imaging devices. Conventional color filters have usually only one fixed output color. However developing active color filters with controllable color output can lead to more compact and sophisticated color filter-based devices and applications. Recent progress in nanotechnology and new knowledge of the interaction of light with metal nanostructures allow us to capture and control light better than ever. Here we use it to fabricate active color filters, based on arrays of metallic optical nanoantennas that are tailored to interact with light at visible frequencies via excitation of localized surface plasmons. This interaction maps the polarization state of incident white light to visible color. Similarly, it converts unpolarized white light to chromatically polarized light. We experimentally demonstrate a wide range of applications including active color pixels, chromatically switchable and invisible tags, and polarization imaging based on these engineered colored metasurfaces.     

基于光断续器的振弦拾振技术

针对以振弦作为弹性敏感元件的检测装置中存在的不足 ,提出以槽隙式光断续器作为振弦的拾振装置。槽隙式光断续器由红外发光二极管和光敏三极管组合而成 ,通过发光与感光而工作。把振弦置于槽隙的通光截面中 ,若合理选择振弦与通光截面的相对位置 ,光敏三极管的光电流中就会含有振弦的振动信息。论述了光断续器作为拾振装置的工作过程及理论依据 ,最后用MATLAB进行了仿真 ,结果证明了用光断续器作为振弦的拾振装置的可行性     

A method to estimate correlated color temperatures of illuminantsusing a color video camera

An indirect method of estimating light source color or the correlated color temperature of illuminants is proposed. It incorporates a color video camera with fixed white balance, a set of known color chips, and a desktop microcomputer. The correlated color temperature of the light source illuminating the color chips is estimated. The mathematical method used is the estimation of functions to be integrated from several values of the definite integrations. These values, which are measurable, are given as the output of the color video camera under different conditions. By means of the method of least squares, estimation accuracies of from 0.1 to 1.4% of the correlated color temperature are achieved. The accuracy achieved depends on the spectral distribution of the illuminants, except for illuminants like fluorescent lamps     

光学图样的仿真处理

主要阐述了利用计算机模拟再现各类彩色光学图样的问题。提出了RGB三原色与可见光光谱的转换方法，建立了RGB三原色与单色光波长的函数关系。通过光强度与RGB三原色的结合来控制绘图函数的颜色参数，获得单色的明暗彩色图样并对图样进行了仿真测量及误差分析。     

Structural colors: from plasmonic to carbon nanostructures

In addition to colorant-based pigmentation, structure is a major contributor to a material's color. In nature, structural color is often caused by the interaction of light with dielectric structures whose dimensions are on the order of visible-light wavelengths. Different optical interactions including multilayer interference, light scattering, the photonic crystal effect, and combinations thereof give rise to selective transmission or reflection of particular light wavelengths, which leads to the generation of structural color. Recent developments in nanofabrication of plasmonic and carbon nanostructures have opened another efficient way to control light properties at the subwavelength scale, including visible-light wavelength selection, which can produce structural color. In this Concept, the most relevant and representative achievements demonstrated over the last several years are presented and analyzed. These plasmonic and carbon nanostructures are believed to offer great potential for high-resolution color displays and spectral filtering applications.