有限长叉指换能器激发表面波及体波声场的数值模拟

采用数值方法,模拟了有限长叉指换能器(IDT)在半无限大压电晶体中激发的表面波和体波声场在晶体界面上的分布情况。在数值模拟所得结果的基础上,将频率域内的位移分量做傅立叶反变换得到时间域内声波脉冲振幅随时间的分布,并对界面上三个位移分量含有的声波模式进行分析,其中场位移分量1沿波的传播方向,位移分量2为平行于IDT指条方向,位移分量3沿基片表面法线方向。分析结果表明,界面上各位移分量中除Rayleigh波外,还含有不同比例的体波成分。其中,在位移分量1和位移分量3中占主要成分的是准纵波,在位移分量2中占主要成分的是准慢切变波。它们均按照指数方式在表面上进行传播衰减,其中准慢切变波的衰减速度小于准纵波的衰减速度。IDT指条数相对较多时的体波振幅要大于指条数相对较小时的体波振幅,且在距离IDT较近的范围内IDT指条数相对较多时体波衰减更快。     

Alberich型吸声覆盖层的低频吸声机理分析

声波垂直入射Alberich型吸声覆盖层时激起沿厚度方向传播的轴对称波,而决定覆盖层低频性能的最低阶波可等效为“准平面波”,通过共振特性分析了覆盖层的低频吸声机理,指出达到低频有效吸声需要满足的轴对称波相速度的近似条件。低频吸声机理要点包括：（1）吸声覆盖层的共振是粘弹性圆柱腔体的共振;（2）吸声覆盖层的吸声峰值频率对应覆盖层的反共振频率而不是共振频率;（3）绝对软背衬的最低吸声峰频率比绝对硬背衬低一半左右。     

不同晶化处理方式对PZT薄膜性能的影响

采用改进的溶胶一凝胶（sol—gel）法在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si基片上制备PZT薄膜,研究不同的晶化处理方式对PZT薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌及电学性能的影响。实验结果表明：快速晶化处理方式更有利于薄膜沿（110）方向的择优生长;并且相对于常规晶化处理方式,快速晶化处理方式制备的PZT薄膜晶粒均匀,排布有序,可有效的提高薄膜的表面质量。电学性能测试结果表明,这种表面形貌可以有效地降低漏电流。     

FBAR用AlN薄膜的射频反应溅射制备研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射法，制备了用于薄膜体声波谐振器的（002）取向的氮化铝薄膜。氮化铝薄膜为（002）取向为主混合少量（103）取向。氮化铝薄膜生长模式表面二维均匀成核再沿C轴堆垛生长。基片温度明显影响薄膜的取向，获得好的（002）取向的基片温度在380℃～400℃之间。不同的氮气分压比存在金属模式、过渡模式和氮化物模式，要进入稳定的氮化物模式。氮气分压比为0．3～0．4，氮气分压比高有利于（002）取向。射频馈入功率密度影响到成膜速率，且与氮气分压关联，较合适的值为12W／cm^2～15W／cm^2。     

孔洞在晶界上长大行为的模拟

通过编制率相关有限元用户子程序,运用晶体有限元,通过建立一个包含球形孔洞的双晶粒模型,对FCC晶体中孔洞在晶界的长大行为进行了分析。计算中,晶粒1的取向固定为(0°,45°,90°),晶粒2的取向分别为(35°,45°,90°),(60°,45°,90°),(0°,0°,0°),分别对应于单胞A,单胞B,单胞C,晶界与X轴方向的夹角θ分别取0°,45°,60°。计算结果表明:单胞的断裂模式与两晶粒的取向因子的差异有关,对于两晶粒的取向因子差异最大的单胞B,单胞沿晶界处的等效塑性应变比单胞其它地方的应变大,且最大等效塑性应变在三个单胞中为最大,单胞易于发生沿晶断裂。而对于两晶粒的取向因子差异最小的单胞C,沿晶界的等效应变较小,单胞易于发生穿晶断裂。晶界与X轴方向的夹角θ为45°时,单胞沿晶界处的等效应变较大,单胞易发生沿晶断裂。     

利用有限长FEM/BEM提取COM参量

0引言声表面波(SAW)器件作为移动通信系统的核心元器件获得了广泛应用。耦合模式(COM)模型是目前低损耗射频SAW器件设计的主流工具,COM参量的精确与否直接决定了器件模拟的精度。传统的COM参量是常数,能够很好地模拟瑞利波器件;但对于漏波器件,声波传播中不断向基片体内泄漏的能量随频率变化,而且漏波的传播特性也是色散     

离子束入射角度对Co50Nb50薄膜微结构的影响

利用离子束辅助沉积技术,通过改变离子束入射方向与薄膜表面法线的夹角,制备了一系列厚度为50 nm的Co50Nb50薄膜,并研究了离子束入射方向对薄膜表面结构的影响.实验中,离子束入射角分别为0°,30°,45°,75°和85°(掠射).研究结果表明,所得到的薄膜均为非晶结构.离子束垂直入射(0°入射)时,薄膜表面产生渗流花样;入射角为30°时,渗流现象更加明显,薄膜表面粗糙度增大;随入射角增至45°,表面渗流现象减弱,薄膜变得平整;当入射角进一步增加到为75°,薄膜表面出现平行于入射方向的纳米条纹;离子束掠入射(85°入射)时,薄膜表面条纹的平均宽度减小,均匀性提高.研究表明上述表面结构的变化是原子沉积、离子束溅射和沉积原子热扩散共同作用的结果.     

温度对水饱和孔隙介质压缩波速度的影响

温度作用使孔隙介质密度、弹性模量等参数发生改变,从而影响声波传播性质。文章基于变形体能量守恒定律,考虑热机耦合和两相介质热耦合,推导水饱和孔隙介质的热传导方程;考虑孔隙水和固相孔隙介质存在的三种耦合性,基于热作用下应力应变关系分析,建立了热机耦合声波传播模型;设计温度变化沉积物样品声学测量实验,当温度由2℃增加到27℃时,压缩波速度平均增大88m·s^-1运用热机耦合声波传播模型解释了实验测量结果的上升趋势,获得理论计算值与测量值相对偏差范围为-3．03％～1．19％。     

间隙波在功能梯度压电板和压电半空间结构中的传播

研究了间隙波在功能梯度压电板和压电半空间结构中的传播性质.功能梯度压电板的材料性能沿x2方向呈指数变化,首先推导了间隙波传播时的解析解,利用界面条件得到了间隙波的频散方程,基于推导的频散方程,结合数值算例分析了功能梯度压电材料的梯度、压电层厚度以及材料性能对间隙波相速度的影响,研究结果对功能梯度压电材料的覆层结构在声波器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

非理想界面功能梯度压电/压磁层状半空间结构中的SH波

研究非理想界面下功能梯度压电/压磁层状半空间结构中SH波的传播特性。界面性能由“弹簧”模型表征, 假设功能梯度压电层材料性能沿层厚度方向指数变化, 其表面为电学开路。推导了频散方程, 并结合数值算例分析了界面性能、功能梯度压电层的梯度变化和厚度对相速度的影响。研究结果对功能梯度压电/压磁复合材料在声波器件中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Thermo-physical Properties of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composites with 70％(volume fraction)of carbon fibers prepared by squeeze casting technique have been used for investigation of the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and thermal conductivity．Thermo-physical properties have been measured in both, longitudinal and transversal directions to the fiber orientation．The results showed that Cf／Cu composites may be a suitable candidate for heat sinks because of its good thermo-physical properties e．g．the low CTE(4.18×10-6／K)in longitudinal orientation and(14．98×10-6／K)in transversal orientation at the range of 20-50℃，a good thermal conductivity(87．2 W／m·K)in longitudinal orientation and(58．2 W／m·K)in transversal orientation．Measured CTE and thermal conductivity values are compared with those predicted by several well-known models．Eshelby model gave better results for prediction of the CTE and thermal conductivity of the unidirectional composites．     

定向凝固镍基合金DZ444声学特性的各向异性

选取定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ444不同方向片状试样,利用电子背散射衍射等技术表征晶体取向和微观组织,利用脉冲回波技术分析纵波声速和声衰减系数。结果表明:两声学特性呈各向异性,随着试样平面法向与凝固方向之间夹角φ由0°到45°再到90°,纵波声速由5533m/s增大到6595m/s后又降至5634m/s,而声衰减系数逐渐增大,变化约0.19dB/mm;对信号频谱分析发现,表面回波与一次底波的主频差值、主频幅值差值及表观积分反射系数均逐渐增大,这主要是由微观组织和晶体取向差异造成的。     

Comparison between ST-cut quartz 25 degrees and -60 degrees NSPUDT propagation directions

This paper discusses directivity and other propagation properties of natural single phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) propagation directions on ST-cut quartz. The work focuses on the comparison of surface acoustic wave (SAW) directivity and propagation properties between the ST-cut quartz -60°, Euler angles: (0°, 132.75°, -60°), and the ST-cut quartz 25°, Euler angles: (0°, 132.75°, 25°), NSPUDT propagation directions, including predicted and measured directivity responses for both propagation directions. The well-known SAW 25° propagation direction is used for low loss, high performance SAW filter designs for consumer products and communications applications. The ST-cut quartz -60° propagation direction has been predicted to have a reflection coefficient 2.5 times larger than ST-cut quartz 25°. In addition the ST-cut quartz -60° satisfied the NSPUDT 90° reflection coefficient phase condition much more closely, resulting in an improved directivity response. For the delay line structures used in the experiments, the measured directivity is 10.1 dB for the -60° propagation direction. For the same structures, the measured directivity along the 25° propagation direction is about 5.0 dB. The experimental results given in this paper verify that indeed ST-cut quartz -60° has a higher directivity than ST-cut quartz 25°, confirming the theoretical predictions. In addition, this work compares other propagation properties for both directions, namely, phase velocities, electromechanical couplings, temperature coefficients of delay, power flow angles, and metallic strip reflection coefficient amplitudes and phases     

不同温度硅纳米薄膜在表面重构下杨氏模量的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法计算了100K到800K之间（001）面硅纳米薄膜（1nm,2nm厚）[110]与[1—10]两个方向上的杨氏模量。2×1表面重构形成了dimmer键,使[110]方向杨氏模量大于[1—10]方向杨氏模量。纳米薄膜的杨氏模量随着温度升高而下降。热膨胀导致了温度效应。当尺度到达纳米尺度,表面重构和温度效应更加明显。     

Pure SH-SAW propagation, transduction and measurements on KNbO3

Potassium niobate (KNbO3) supports the electromechanically active pure shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) mode along Z-axis cylinder orientations, Euler angles (phi, 90 degrees, 0 degrees), in which two uncoupled wave solutions exist: a purely mechanical sagittal Rayleigh SAW and a piezoelectrically stiffened pure SH-SAW. Within this family of cuts, a maximum electromechanical coupling coefficient for the pure SH-SAW, K2 = 53%, is observed along (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 0 degrees). This pure SH-SAW orientation also has the maximum value of electromechanical coupling observed along rotated Y-cut X propagation directions, Euler angles (0 degrees, theta, 0 degrees). The use of the pure SH-SAW mode is attractive for liquid-sensing applications because the SH-SAW is modestly attenuated by the adjacent liquid, unlike the generalized SAW (GSAW), which has particle displacement normal to the surface. This work investigates propagation and excitation properties of the SH-SAW and the shear horizontal bulk acoustic wave (SH-BAW) on single crystal KNbO3, Euler angles (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 0 degrees). Interdigital transducer (IDT) arrays are analyzed using boundary element method (BEM) techniques, addressing IDT properties such as: power partitioning between the SH-SAW and SH-BAW, SH-BAW radiation as a function of wave vector direction and radiation angle, and overall IDT impedance. The percentage of SH-SAW power to total input power is above 98% for IDTs containing 1.5 to 5.5 wavelengths of active electrodes with surrounding metalized regions. For nonmetalized regions outside the IDT, the ratio drops to between 1 and 2%, showing the importance of an energy trapping structure for efficient SH-SAW excitation and propagation along this orientation. Simulated and experimental IDT admittance results are compared, verifying the validity of the analysis performed. The reported measurements on the frequency variation with temperature indicate that the orientation considered is temperature compensated at about 8 degrees C. The surface of the SH-SAW devices fabricated have been loaded with deionized water and showed additional 1.6 dB transmission loss with respect to the unloaded surface, verifying the suitability of the pure SH-SAW mode on KNbO3 for liquid sensor applications.     

Propagation of the Anisimkin Jr.' and quasi-longitudinal acoustic plate modes in low-symmetry crystals of arbitrary orientation

The Anisimkin Jr. (AN) acoustic plate mode having dominant and depth-independent longitudinal displacement (u(1) > u(2), u(3); u(1) ≈ constant) is numerically found in tetragonal 4mm Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystal with one of the low-symmetry orientations (Euler angles 89°, 37°, 104°), as an example. The quasi-longitudinal (QL) modes with dominant and depth-dependent longitudinal displacement (u(1) > u(2), u(3); u(1) ≠ constant) are experimentally detected along several propagation directions Θ in 128°y-LiNbO(3) plate, where Θ = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° with respect to the x-axis. Compared with more symmetrical plate materials and orientations, the displacement profiles of the AN and QL modes in lower-symmetry counterparts are qualitatively the same, but their phase profiles are more complicated. Moreover, like any acoustic wave, all plate modes in anisotropic crystals suffer from beam steering, in general. The power flow angles of the modes propagating in a fixed direction are different and depend on the mode order n.     

爆炸荷载作用下覆土库外部冲击波传播规律

为了研究爆炸荷载作用下覆土库外部冲击波的传播规律,采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,结合将覆土库结构破坏与冲击波传播先后模拟的新手段,对覆土库外部距爆心比例距离小于15 m/kg^(1/3)范围内空气冲击波的传播过程进行模拟,并对模拟所得不同测线方向(0°、60°、90°、135°和180°)冲击波峰值超压和冲击波到达时间进行分析。结果表明:测点距爆心比例距离在1～15 m/kg(1/3)范围内空气冲击波的传播过程进行模拟,并对模拟所得不同测线方向(0°、60°、90°、135°和180°)冲击波峰值超压和冲击波到达时间进行分析。结果表明:测点距爆心比例距离在1～15 m/kg^(1/3)范围内,随比例距离的增大,在60°和90°测线方向,冲击波峰值超压衰减率从87.63%降到26.39%;在135°和180°测线方向,冲击波峰值超压衰减率从81.19%降到1.39%。随着测点距爆心比例距离的增大,冲击波峰值超压呈指数型衰减,冲击波到达时间呈线性增加。     

对流边界条件下竖板降膜除湿过程中传热传质的数值模拟

针对竖板降膜(层流)溶液除湿空调系统,建立了溶液降膜过程传热传质的数学模型,给出了对流换热边界条件下过程的数值解.模拟了三种不同冷却条件下的降膜除湿过程.结果表明,当对流换热系数较小时,与绝热边界有相似的发展趋势;而当对流换热系数较大时,则接近于等温条件下的规律.同时,模拟结果还给出了不同的无量纲吸收热λv和刘易斯Le对降膜内Nusselt数和Sherwood数的影响,表明无量纲吸收热的改变不影响Nu数和Sh数在流动方向上的最终渐近值.     

Simulation of characteristics of a LiNbO3/diamond surface acoustic wave

High-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices based on diamond that have been produced to date utilize the SiO2/ZnO/diamond structure, which shows excellent characteristics of a phase velocity of over 10,000 m/s with a zero temperature coefficient; this structure has been successfully applied to high-frequency narrowband filters and resonators. To expand material systems to wideband applications, c-axis-oriented LiNbO3 on diamond was studied and a coupling coefficient up to 9.0% was estimated to be obtained. In this paper, the characteristics of LiNbO3/diamond with the assumption that the LiNbO3 film is a single crystal have been studied by theoretical calculations to find higher coupling coefficient conditions. Calculations are made for the phase velocity, the coupling coefficient, and the temperature coefficient of the Rayleigh wave and its higher mode Sezawa waves. As a result, LiNbO3/diamond is found to offer a very high electromechanical coupling coefficient of up to 16% in conjunction with a high phase velocity of 12,600 m/s and a small temperature coefficient of 25 ppm/deg. This characteristic is suitable for wide bandwidth applications in high-frequency SAW devices.     

设通风阁楼层冷库屋顶传热系数计算方法及其影响因素分析

论文介绍了基于稳态导热情况下的设通风阁楼屋顶传热系数三种计算方法,计算值分别为0．1214w／（m^2℃）、0．1210w／（m^2℃）、0．1298w／（m^2℃）。考虑两侧温差修正系数后,计算结果出现了变化,其值分别为0．1396w／（m^2℃）、0．1392w／（m^2℃）、0．1298w／（m^2℃）。计算结果表明：三种方法得出的屋顶传热系数相差不大,可用来工程上计算通过屋顶的传热量;用传热系数和温差修正系数的乘积大小来考察屋顶传热性能更有说服力。