1000MW机组加装真空提高装置后节能效益分析

为了进一步优化1000MW机组真空系统,提高1000MW机组真空,从而降低机组运行能耗,华电国际邹县发电厂先后对2台百万机组真空系统进行了节能改造,加装了真空提高装置,改造后机组凝汽器真空提高0.7kPa以上,机组煤耗下降约1.8g/kWh,机组年节约标准煤6000t以上,创造了良好的经济效益,可为同类型机组的节能技术改造提供参考.     

1000MW燃煤机组高压厂用电互为备用的可行性分析

针对某百万机组的高压厂用电接线形式,结合机组停运的各种工况,对高压厂用电源互为备用的方式进行了论述.重点分析了1台机组停运时,停运机组的辅机设备使用运行机组厂用电的可行性.可为同类机组设计、优化阶段提供借鉴和参考.     

小型风冷式冷热水机组的现状和发展

说明了小型风冷式冷热水机组的分类,叙述了小型风冷式冷热水机组的特点,介绍了小型风冷式冷热水机组的制冷和控制系统,阐述了小型风冷式冷热水机组性能提高途径.     

影响某厂机组真空严密性的原因及对策

发电厂机组真空系统的问题不但影响到机组的经济性,也会影响机组运行的安全。本文分析了某热电厂影响机组运行中真空严密性的主要因素,并提出了解决方法和建议,为有效避免影响机组真空严密性的因素,提高机组运行的经济性具有参考意义。     

大规模风电机组脱网原因分析及对策

文章主要分析了大规模风电机组脱网的原因,说明了风电机组脱网的内在机理,并指出了风电机组在运行管理方面的要求,阐明了风电机组在安全性能和技术指标等方面的要求,最后指出了解决大规模风电机组脱网问题的有效对策。     

采用吸收式热泵技术供热空冷机组煤耗率升高分析及优化

某电厂2×135 MW直接空冷机组进行了吸收式热泵余热回收机组供热改造,热网二级站进行了吸收式热泵换热机组改造。运行初期机组供热节能效果良好。但运行6年后,供热季机组供电煤耗率大幅度升高,机组经济性降低。通过现场进行诊断、排查,分析查找了供电煤耗率升高原因,制定了针对性的运行调整、检修治理和优化改造方案,实施后取得了良好的效果,从而保证机组经济运行。     

水轮机发电机振动问题分析和处理

水轮发电机组由于设计及安装过程中的缺陷,将会导致机组振动加剧,严重威胁机组的安全运行,缩短机组的使用寿命,因此只有解决了机组的振动问题,才能保证机组安全、稳定地运行。     

大型火电机组汽流激振故障的诊断与治理

某电厂200 MW机组大修后一年时间内发生过30多次阵发性振动,使机组无法带满负荷运行.经过理论分析与试验研究,认为该200MW机组阵发性振动主要是由于汽流激振引起的.对机组按汽流激振故障进行了治理,消除了该机组存在的阵发性振动,保证了机组的安全运行.该例对高参数大型火电机组有参考价值.     

空调系统新风机组组合方式的研究

对目前我国存在的新风机组进行了大致分类,分别介绍了净化空调系统新风机组、半集中式空调系统新风机组和蒸发冷却与机械制冷相结合的新风机组,着重介绍了目前干燥地区半集中式空调系统中使用的蒸发冷却空调新风机组,最后针对蒸发冷却空调新风机组存在的不足提出了蒸发冷却与机械制冷相结合的三级复合式新风机组,从热湿交换角度和h-d图上对该机组的组合方式进行了分析,总结出了一种不仅能在干燥地区使用,同时能在中、高湿度地区使用的全年性蒸发冷却空调新风机组。     

百年电力3号机组异常振动分析处理

百年电力3号机组大修中进行了增容改造后,机组启动、定速和带负荷过程发生异常振动,严重威胁机组的安全运行.通过频谱分析、振动升降特性和机组带负荷的振动特点等特征对机组的振动故障进行了正确的诊断分析,确认了汽轮机中压缸内的动静摩擦和低压转子一阶和二阶不平衡量的存在是造成的机组异常振动的原因.通过调整2号轴承座的标高和低压转子的一次精确加重,成功消除了机组的振动故障,振动达到优良水平,保证了机组的安全投产运行.     

卫星热控系统故障建模与仿真

为了简便、全面地研究各种热控系统故障对卫星各热控环节温度变化的作用和影响，将卫星热故障划分为热阻型、控制策略型和诱发型热负荷变化3种基本类型，建立了卫星外壳、辐射器、舱内环境和关键目标仪器4个主要热控环节温度变化的动态方程，应用热故障模拟模型，可以对各类热控系统发生故障时的热控环节温度变化规律进行较全面的仿真研究，从而为热控系统故障诊断及容错控制系统设计提供简便的数学模型和仿真方法。     

面向维修的机械系统可靠度预测与仿真研究

机电产品在服役期间因零件失效而产生故障,重组维修破坏了原有的系统可靠性模型,因而需要对设备可靠性问题重新进行研究和评价。基于机电系统中零件的失效时间分布密度函数,研究了在重组维护过程中机电系统服役期间零件年龄结构的分布规律,发展了机电系统可靠性数学模型。通过仿真研究,探讨了系统服役期间年龄结构、可靠度和失效率的发展规律,定量地研究了失效时间分布密度函数的参数对系统可靠度的影响。这对于评估机械系统的可靠性和全生命周期的失效率,制定合理的维修策略具有重要意义。     

An overall performance index for characterizing the economic impact of faults in direct expansion cooling equipment

Air conditioning is a non-critical application for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) where decisions about servicing faults should involve the use of economics. Existing methods for evaluating impacts of faults on equipment performance only consider some individual factors such as the equipment coefficient of performance (COP) or cooling capacity. This paper develops an overall economic performance degradation index (EPDI) for air conditioning equipment that includes the combined effects of degradations in COP, cooling capacity, and sensible heat ratio (SHR). EPDI quantifies the performance degradation caused by faults based on economics so it can be used as part of the decision making process in an overall FDD system. Furthermore, EPDI can be used along with estimates of typical field performance degradations to assess the economic benefits associated with the application of automated FDD. A case study is presented where EPDI was applied to measurements for an existing unit where faults were artificially introduced.     

扫描电镜系统辅助设备的故障分析及维护保养

介绍了扫描电镜系统的各辅助设备常见的故障及解决办法。检验管理人员做好各辅助设备的维护保养,了解各设备的故障点,能够快速、低成本地解决故障问题,有效保障测试工作的正常进行。     

In-situ monitoring of plasma equipment using spectrophotometric colorimetry and neural network

Plasma plays a critical role in fabricating thin films for manufacturing electronic devices. To improve equipment throughput and device yield, plasma should be strictly monitored. A new technique is presented to monitor process plasma. This is accomplished by using a spectrophotometer and a neural network. The spectrometer was used to calculate color chromaticity coordinates and color temperature. Their sensitivity was examined as a function of radio frequency source and bias powers. All the variables linearly increased or decreased for process-induced faults. For an in-situ monitoring, the color variables were modeled by using an auto-correlated type of a time-series neural network and model prediction was applied to a CUSUM control chart. Unlike conventional models, the neural network trained with a reference pattern was utilized for fault detection. The constructed models demonstrated prediction errors ranging from 0.018 to 0.027%. A presented model-based CUSUM yielded improved fault sensitivity over a raw sensor data-based one. The improvement was more drastic for the bias power-induced faults. The proven high sensitivity can be effectively applied to monitor plasma equipment in real-time.     

Influence of quality of manufacture on electronic equipment and system reliability

For electronic equipment and systems a correspondance of predominant faults is observed during the electrical test phases at board and at system level prior to use, and during subsequent application of the system. Relationships are expected based on the common causes of these faults. Such faults might be those that have escaped detection during electrical testing, faults that induce secondary latent defects on parts, or original latent defects incorporated in the installed components. Causes and effects are discussed. Measures have been taken over several years to improve the manufacturing quality of electronic equipment following these aspects. It is shown, by practical experience with an electronic communication system, that an improvement of manufacturing quality by a factor of 5 has increased system reliability by about the same degree. This noticeable effect of the manufacturing quality of printed circuit board assemblies on the reliability of the system and on the failure rates of installed components is not considered by usual reliability prediction models. The observed failure rates of components are low when compared to values of prediction models, even including those component types contributing to focal points of failure with the achieved level of reliability.     

基于二维码技术的装备储供系统设计

针对现行装备储供模式存在费时、费力和不能及时、准确地提供装备保障的问题,提出了一种基于二维码技术的装备储供系统设计方案。可实现对装备储供操作与管理的全程信息化控管;节约大量的人力、物力、财力;快速提高我军装备保障的及时性与准确性;可以引起保密装备包装领域的变革。     

棉麻纤维液氨改性成套装备上下物料系统设计

目前棉麻纤维液氨改性系统的上下料采用人工方式进行,存在工作效率低、工人劳动强度大的缺点,基于发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)对液氨改性成套装备物料输送系统进行了创新设计,采用对心曲柄齿轮齿条机构和电磁铁来实现物料箱在小空间长行程的上下料,采用欧姆龙公司的CP1L型PLC来实现整个系统的控制,可实现棉麻纤维液氨改性成套装备物料包装输送系统的自动化。     

基于PC/104的武装直升机观瞄装置检测系统设计和实现

观瞄装置是武装直升机实现武器精确瞄准和准确命中的关键设备,在分析其工作原理和检测需求的基础上,设计了以PC/104嵌入式系统为控制核心的检测系统;通过ARINC429总线和RS422主从式通信向观瞄装置下发控制命令,接收观瞄装置回复的自检、状态、指示和参数等数据;采用模块化设计方法开发了应用软件,应用多线程技术并以查询方式实现了数据接收的实时性,采用限时接收和计算校验和的方法进行数据通信的差错控制;检测系统集数据通信、实时数据处理、结果显示于一体,实现了对检测任务的调度和控制.     

自动硬币清分卷包机研制

目的为解决各类硬币自动整理、分类、包装问题,设计研究一种自动硬币清分卷包机。方法利用离心力将硬币有序上料,然后采用消极分类法分离硬币,进行清分,接着对清分后的硬币进行光电计数、移币定位、堆叠码垛,直至对硬币进行卷包。结果对关键部件进行了有限元受力分析,基于分析结果优化了结构,减小了变形,应用PLC控制系统完成了整机工作过程控制。结论利用PLC控制实现了设备机电一体化,提高了整机的适应性和可靠性。