一种军事物流配送中心的选址模型

考虑战场保障网络中军事物流配送中心到部队用户的时间约束对军事物流配送中心选址的影响,针对战场保障网络中节点间存在多重边的情况,通过逐步搜索避免形成环,剪除超过时间约束的路径,构造了可行路径算法,该算法可以在(n-1)步内完成搜索.根据各条边的时间可靠性进行了路径筛选,建立了军事物流配送中心的选址-路线安排模型.     

物流配送中心选址问题分析

配送中心作为物流网络的节点。其合理选址不仅影响到配送中心本身的运营成本、运营绩效、竞争战略和未来的发展,而且还影响到配送中心上游的供应商、下游的分销商或零售商的物流成本、以及物流战略和竞争战略,甚至影响到区域经济的发展。本文详细分析了影响物流配送中心选址的微观因素和宏观因素,从理论上进一步丰富和补充了配送中心选址研究。     

销售型电子商务企业配送中心选址方法初探

通过分析销售型电子商务企业配送的特殊性和传统配送中心选址方法在解决此类问题的不足之处,提出将所需配送的总区域划分成若干个连续的小区域,建立虚拟"配送点"的方法,从而将配送地点、时间和数量都随机的顾客需求转换成固定区域顾客需求模型,随后通过配送中心选址位置与其配送成本之间的关系再次建立模型得到配送中心的布局和数量,并进一步探讨参数确定和计算步骤.     

配送中心成本优化决策支持系统的开发

物资配送是物流管理的核心工作。合理选择一个配送中心，优化物流网络，减少配送成本是配送中心管理现代化的关键。作者研究开发的配送中心物流成本优化决策支持系统为配送管理提供了一个有力的支持工具。     

基于物流能力优化的配送中心选址问题研究

通过分析配送中心的选址对第三方物流企业的发展有着重要影响,提出了配送中心的选址应该以提高物流企业的物流能力为目标,而物流能力是一个综合指标,因此基于物流能力优化的配送中心选址模型是多目标的,在模型求解中,利用带自适应移动线的遗传算法来权衡多目标函数.     

一种基于重心法的连锁经营企业区域物流配送中心选址模型

提出了配送中心吸引力指数的概念,建立了以吸引力指数最大为目标函数的选址理论模型.考虑了模型解决具体问题的实用性,引入交通区位和地价2个权重因素对不同候选地址的吸引力指数进行加权,实现连锁经营企业区域物流配送中心的选址优化.通过具体算例表明算法能够获得更切合实际的目标解,且搜索时间短、效率较高.     

基于灰色聚类评估的配送中心选址模糊多目标优化模型

将多属性决策方法与最优化方法相集成,研究了多配送中心选址优化问题。首先采用灰色聚类决策计算各候选地定性属性的综合评估值。再以选定配送中心的评估值均值最大化、系统成本最小化,以及配送中心容量利用率最大化作为3个优化目标,建立一个考虑需求点模糊需求、供应点与候选配送中心容量限制的三级供应链系统多配送中心选址模型。该模型被描述成了一个多目标的非线性混合整数规划模型。采用机会约束规划对模糊需求进行清晰化处理,并应用目标加权的方法将问题转化为单目标问题。通过算例验证了所提模型的可行性。在实际工作中,可根据决策者权重偏好得出令人满意的结果。     

多级库存控制的连锁经营企业配送网络设计

研究了随机需求条件下连锁经营企业配送网络设计及其库存决策的联合优化问题.详细分析了基于POT(power of two)多级库存控制策略的连锁企业多级工作库存及订货成本,给出了门店及配送中心在满足给定服务水平条件下的安全库存成本.在综合考虑运输成本和配送中心选址成本的基础上,建立了以系统总成本最小为目标的配送系统总成本优化模型,并采用遗传算法求解该优化模型,在得到最优配送网络设计方案的同时,确定了配送中心订货周期及门店配送周期.通过算例验证了模型及算法的有效性,并分析了需求、运输距离和选址成本等因素的变化对系统总成本的影响,为连锁经营企业的物流配送网络设计及库存控制提供决策支持.     

基于贪心遗传的地下物流节点选择规划研究

以国内某地区物流概况为研究背景,结合国内外地下物流系统研究成果,将集合覆盖的思想引入地下物流网络节点选址规划,建立以物流节点数量最少及物流节点转运率最低为优化目标的双层多目标规划模型,并结合贪心算法和遗传算法进行优化求解。研究表明：通过将集合覆盖的思想对城市地下物流系统节点规划进行初步探讨是可行有效的;基于贪心遗传算法进行优化求解,使得该地区地下物流网络节点选择达到全局最优,有效控制了物流节点的数量及节点转运率的大小;地下物流网络节点表现出明显的区域集中性,即服务节点均集中在物流需求点附近,且二级节点服务区域总是邻近某个一级节点。     

面向主机厂的汽车零部件供应库存-运输集成优化

在“多供应商、单配送中心、单主机厂”的汽车零部件供应网络中,为解决由第三方物流(TPL)服务商在主机厂生产需求信息驱动下主导供应物流活动的库存-运输集成优化问题,构建汽车零部件库存-运输集成优化模型,确定集货运输阶段的取货频次、循环取货路径以及送货阶段的零部件分组方法与送货次数等策略,分析验证了模型的可行性与有效性,同时可减少二氧化碳排放。     

A simulation based approach for supply network control

We focus on the problem of strategic network design in the context of multi-site enterprises. We develop a simulation model for various supply network designs evaluation. The suggested model is generic in the sense that only input data modifications are needed to adapt the model to a given supply network structure, while the model's procedural logic stays unchanged. The model reproduces the dynamics of the totality of the supply chain activities. It takes into account control policies related to the inventory management and to the scheduling of production activities. It also carries out local optimisations by dynamically allocating the customers’ demands to the appropriate distribution site and the replenishment orders expressed by the distribution and production sites of the enterprise so as to minimise a global cost function. Simulation execution permits to compute various performance measures. These indicators inform the decision-maker about the profit of the enterprise and about its customer's service level. In this paper, we propose to detail the simulation model. Then, for a fictitious problem of supply network design based on two real life applications, we highlight the influence of the control policies on the performance of the studied enterprise.     

An efficient optimization procedure for designing a capacitated distribution network with price-sensitive demand

This paper considers a location-allocation problem in a supply-chain distribution network with capacitated distribution centers and customers with price-sensitive demands. The problem determines location, allocation and price decisions in order to maximize the total profit under two supply policies. Serving all of the customers is compulsory under the first policy, but is optional under the second. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program and solved by a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm under each policy. The numerical study indicates that the proposed algorithms are highly efficient and effective for solving large-sized instances of the problem.     

模糊需求下快速消费品生产配送协调调度

针对具有模糊需求的快速消费品生产配送问题,提出一种模糊线性规划模型,来解决多周期、多工厂、多产品、多配送中心的生产配送协调调度问题。同时考虑配送中心的库存水平,使总生产、库存成本和配送成本最小。最后,通过一个算例来证明该方法的可行性。     

Innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting interconnected logistics services in the Physical Internet

Traditional supply chain networks are often designed in the interests of a company. Once the network has been defined, the storage and distribution of goods are usually fixed and restricted within the network. This is assumed to be an inherent limit of current inventory control research. Instead of specialised hierarchical storage networks, this paper proposes an innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting the Physical Internet (PI), which is an open, universal, interconnected logistics system. In such a system, facilities and means of transport are shared and can be allocated according to demands of users. As a result, the PI allows users to stock anywhere in the network and also provides open multisourcing options for orders with on-demand warehousing services within the PI. Inventory decisions can be made dynamically by each player to minimise networkwide inventory levels. A non-linear, simulation-based optimisation model was developed for the vendors’ inventory decision-making when confronted with stochastic demands. A metaheuristic using simulated annealing was applied to solve the problem, and then, the optimised inventory decisions were validated using simulation. The results suggest that the proposed PI inventory model can reduce the total logistics cost while maintaining a comparable or better level of end customers’ services.     

多心理账户下ISC二级分销网络的优化设计

从消费者有限理性角度，研究了集成供应链(ISC)二级分销网络优化问题。以Friedman和Savage之谜为释例，揭示了因消费者需求的非理性波动，引致产生的ISC二级分销网络中的诸多实证异象；基于行为证券组合理论，提出了多心理账户下ISC二级分销网络的机会约束规划模型；并且给出了模型的算法及仿真示例。     

一类带配送中心运输问题的容量扩张模型研究

运输问题一般采用表上作业法来解决，考虑一类带配送中心的运输问题，若仍采用表上作业法，会使问题复杂化，文中采用一种构造辅助网络的方法：在运输网络中将每个配送中心均拆分成2个点，连接两点形成新弧，构造出新的网络，并给每条弧赋予参数，将此类运输问题转换为最小费用流模型来解决，可以使问题模型和运算简单化．在此基础上，考虑运输网络中配送中心和边的容量扩张问题．     

Optimising installation (R,Q) policies in distribution networks with stochastic lead times: a comparative analysis of guaranteed- and stochastic service models

This paper studies two modelling approaches to the multi-echelon inventory optimisation problem in a distribution network with stochastic demands and lead times. It compares the performance of a novel guaranteed-service model (GSM), using an installation (R, Q) inventory control policy, with a stochastic service model (SSM) considering ordering, holding and flexibility costs. From both cycle service level and fill rate perspectives, our numerical analysis of the 1-warehouse 2-retailer network shows that cost difference between both models is driven by the internal service level at the warehouse. The GSM outperforms the SSM for over 80% of the simulated instances and realises an average total cost improvement of approximately 10%. This analysis goes against earlier results that showed a relatively low-cost difference between the two approaches, and demonstrates that it is worthwhile to evaluate competing models for multi-echelon inventory optimisation in real-world supply chains with batch ordering and variable lead times.     

考虑动态需求的生鲜商品物流配送优化方法研究

目的 针对生鲜商品配送过程中客户需求的变化,协调静态与动态客户需求之间的关系,合理规划路径,并降低物流总成本。方法 首先考虑客户生鲜需求的多样化温控区间、随机订单请求时间及动态需求量等因素,构建物流总成本最小化的整数规划模型。然后,设计基于高斯混合聚类的改进蚁群算法求解该模型,并提出动态需求处理策略,用于路径的再优化。其次,通过与粒子群算法、遗传算法和鲸鱼优化算法进行对比分析,验证文中设计算法的有效性。最后,以重庆市某生鲜配送网络为例,对比分析优化前后的运营指标,并探讨生鲜商品价值损失水平与物流总成本之间的关系。结果 经优化后,物流总成本下降了22.35%,其中惩罚成本、价值损失、配送成本和温控成本分别下降了39.84%、61.84%、29.80%、57.00%。结论 文中所提的模型、算法和动态需求处理策略可以合理规划配送路径,有效降低了总成本,为考虑动态需求的生鲜配送网络优化提供了参考。     

Dual problem formulation and its application to optimal redesign of an integrated production–distribution network with structure dynamics and ripple effect considerations

In this paper, a dual problem formulation is developed in order to solve a multi-objective, multi-period and multi-commodity production–distribution (re)planning problem for a multi-stage centralised upstream network with structure dynamics considerations. The original idea of this study is to use the real logic of decision-making in companies and exclude demand constraint from the linear programming (LP) model. This allows transit from the classical transportation problem, formulated as an LP model in order to improve service level at the strategic inventory holding point. The formulation as an LP model makes it possible to formulate the dual problem. The performed structural analysis revealed some interesting managerial insights into building robust distribution plans and interconnecting decisions on distribution network design, planning, and sourcing.     

离散需求下的多产品二级分销网络优化模型

构建了一个不确定需求下的多产品二级分销网络模型,以成本最小化为目标考虑了建设成本、配送成本、库存成本、缺货成本以及惩罚成本;以实际情况为背景考虑了工厂的产能约束、最小和最大转运量约束、最小配送量等约束。针对模型的复杂性,设计了禁忌搜索算法对模型进行求解,并通过一个算例验证了模型的正确性。通过遗憾值系数的变化找到了算例的最优鲁棒解,并且应用该算法求解模型耗时不到15 s,证明了算法的有效性和可行性,并具有一定的实际应用意义。