气相色谱法测定作业场所中苯系物的不确定度评定

利用气相色谱法测定作业场所中苯系物,对测定过程中产生的不确定度的主要来源进行了分析,得出了对测定结果不确定度影响最大和最小的因素,认为所有苯系物,实验测定过程是主要的不确定度来源.并对作业场所中苯系物测定结果的不确定进行评定,作业场所中苯系物的扩展不确定度分别为:苯2.3 mg/m3;甲苯1.6 mg/m3;邻二甲苯1.4 mg/m3;乙苯1.6 mg/m3 (置信度95%,自由度 v=18).     

血液中乙醇含量测定内标法和外标法不确定度的比较

目的:为了评定和比较顶空-气相色谱法测定血液中乙醇含量进行内标法和外标法的不确定度。方法:分别从内标法和外标法测定程序分析了不确定度的来源,对各分量进行量化后计算出合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果:内标法测定血样中乙醇含量的平均值为0.793mg/m L,扩展不确定度为0.058mg/m L;外标法测定血样中乙醇含量的平均值为0.812mg/m L,扩展不确定度为0.060mg/m L。结论:内标法和外标法定量的不确定度主要均来源于重复平行测定的误差,得出的测量不确定度反映出两种检测方法无明显差异。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定保健食品中痕量铅的不确定度评定

应用测量不确定度评定原理,通过实验对微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定保健食品中痕量铅的不确定度来源及不确定度分量的定量评定进行了研究.测定结果表明,不确定度主要来源为样品溶液中铅浓度、样品测定的重复性及质控物质回收率3方面.当称样量为0.5 g时,铅含量为0.12 mg/kg,k=2(95%置信度),扩展不确定度为0.008 mg/kg,测量结果可表示为(0.12±0.008)mg/kg.     

红外分光光度法测定污泥中矿物油的不确定度评定

分析探讨了红外红外分光光度法测定污泥中矿物油含量不确定度的影响因素,并对其不确定度分量进行了评定,计算得到相对标准不确定度urel(X)为0. 0187,污泥样品中矿物油含量的标准不确定度u(X)为1. 0450mg/L,扩展不确定度U为2. 0899mg/L(k=2),所测污泥样品中的矿物油的含量为X=55. 83±2. 0899mg/L(k=2)。扩展不确定度贡献较大的主要分量是样品重复测定和配置三波长校准溶液引入的标准不确定度分量。     

气相色谱法测定高分子食品接触材料中抗氧剂含量的不确定度评定

采用气相色谱/电子捕获检测器(GC/ECD)测定高分子食品接触材料中的抗氧剂含量,建立模型,分析、评定测定过程中标准溶液、样品制备、重复性、标准曲线拟合等引入的不确定度,计算扩展不确定度.结果显示,标准溶液配制及曲线拟合对高分子食品接触材料中抗氧剂含量测定的不确定度影响较大,高分子食品接触材料中抗氧剂含量范围为(0.795～1.638)mg/kg,扩展不确定度范围在(0.0121～0.0265)mg/kg之间(P=95％,k=2).     

塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂测定的不确定度评定

目的 评定气相色谱法测定塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂含量的不确定度,进一步提高塑料包装中抗氧化剂检测数据的准确性。方法 根据SN/T3042—2011采用气相色谱法对塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂含量进行测定,经过分析不确定度的影响因素,根据相应的数学模型计算各主要影响因素的不确定度,给出塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂测定结果的扩展不确定度。结果 塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂的测量扩展不确定度：丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)为(14.65±1.09)mg/kg、2,6-二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为(14.68±1.03)mg/kg、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)为(14.44±0.65)mg/kg(P=95%,k=2)。结论 气相色谱法测定塑料包装中3种抗氧化剂含量的测量不确定度的主要影响因素为标准曲线拟合、配制标准工作液的量具以及仪器精密度。可通过使用精度更高的量具及仪器、选择合适的标准工作溶液浓度点、提高人员实操水平等措施减少不确定度,进一步提高检测数据的准确度。     

顶空气相色谱外标法测定血液中乙醇含量的不确定度评定

目的:建立顶空气相色谱外标法测定血液中乙醇含量不确定度评定方法。方法:用顶空气相色谱法测量血液中乙醇含量,对过程中所涉及的各不确定度分量进行分析,评定测量值的不确定度。结果:血液中乙醇含量为1.95mg/m L,扩展不确定度为0.02 mg/m L。结论:各不确定度分量对评定结果影响轻微。     

番茄中联苯菊酯残留量的测量不确定度评价

采用气相色谱法对番茄中联苯菊酯残留量进行测定,依据测量不确定度评定规程,建立测量不确定度的数学模型,进而对整个测量过程中不确定度展开系统性评价.结果表明,当联苯菊酯残留量测定质量分数为0.095mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.0035mg/kg(P=95%,K=2),测量结果为(0.095±0.004)mg/kg,其中标准液的配置、提取液体积、重复性实验引入的不确定度是联苯菊酯测量不确定度的主要贡献因子.     

高效液相色谱法测定塑料杯中双酚A的不确定度评估

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测量了塑料杯中双酚A的含量,对测量不确定度进行了评定.采用求相对标准不确定度的方法对各变量进行了分析和计算.结果表明,标准曲线校准、仪器峰面积测量、标准样品的浓度和重复性是测量过程中的主要不确定度来源,其中标准曲线校准对总不确定度的影响最大.当塑料杯中双酚A的测定结果为9.18 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.32 mg/kg.     

茶叶中铜含量测定的不确定度分析

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对茶叶中铜的含量进行测定,分析检测过程中不确定度来源及各不确定度对总不确定度的影响,确定测定结果的置信区间,给出本实验室测定的茶叶中铜的扩展不确定度为(16.13±1.5)mg/L(k=2)     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.