聚合物基电磁屏蔽复合材料的结构设计与性能研究进展

对近年来关于聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的报道进行了综述。重点总结分析了不同结构(如多孔结构、隔离结构和分层结构)及其他特殊结构聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的屏蔽效能和屏蔽机制。与均匀分布聚合物基复合材料相比,通过结构设计使填料富集,再取向并连通从而形成高效导电网络,不仅能减少填料用量,且能有效提高复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能。最后,提出了聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料的未来发展方向。      

膨胀石墨/金属网/ABS复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究

以膨胀石墨(EG)和金属网(MN)作为电磁屏蔽基元材料与ABS树脂采用共混、挤出、热压等成型工艺制备了电磁屏蔽复合材料,研究了膨胀石墨的含量、处理方式、复合材料的厚度和金属网的目数对电磁屏蔽复合材料屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明,在膨胀石墨/ABS电磁屏蔽复合材料中,其电磁屏蔽效能随着膨胀石墨含量增加及复合材料厚度增加而增大,膨胀石墨经超声处理后,可以提高复合材料的屏蔽效能。在两种单层金属网/ABS电磁屏蔽夹层复合材料中,屏蔽效能并不随着金属网目数增加而增大。在30MHz～1.8GHz频率范围内,200目不锈钢网/ABS复合材料和100目铜网/ABS复合材料的屏蔽性能最好,最大屏蔽效能分别为76.1和70dB。在多相电磁屏蔽复合材料中,膨胀石墨/不锈钢网/ABS复合材料的屏蔽效能比不锈钢网/ABS复合材料高约5dB。     

碳系电磁屏蔽高分子复合材料研究进展

碳系电磁屏蔽复合材料是屏蔽材料的重要分支。本文阐述了电磁屏蔽材料的屏蔽原理，主要介绍了碳系复合型电磁屏蔽材料的分类和研究进展，并分析了其未来的改善措施及发展重点。     

银基填充复合材料电磁屏蔽效能研究

银基填充复合材料作为电磁屏蔽材料是电磁屏蔽领域研究热点之一。选用片状银粉、环氧树脂及固化剂制备导电银胶,使用涂抹棒将导电银胶均匀涂覆于聚酯基板上,固化后测试其各频率波段电磁屏蔽性能。研究了银基填充复合材料膜厚在不同波段电磁屏蔽性能的差别,测试其体积电阻率,通过扫描电镜观察横截面中片状银粉分散的均匀性,推导其电磁屏蔽机理。     

电磁屏蔽导电复合材料

在介绍电磁屏蔽原理的基础上,论述了近年来电磁屏蔽用表层导电材料和导电复合材料的特性与发展,并详细分析了影响导电复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的因素,展望了其研究趋势及应用前景。     

电磁屏蔽复合材料电磁屏蔽效能探讨

电磁屏蔽材料目前向着薄、轻、宽、高的方向发展,复合材料已逐渐取代单一材料成为电磁屏蔽研究的主要方向.以机械复合材料为基础,研究高导电材料+高导磁2层复合材料与高导电材料+高导电材料+高导磁材料3层复合材料电磁屏蔽效能的差别.研究结果表明,2层复合材料高导电材料一侧增加1层高导电材料对电磁屏蔽性能的提高非常有限.     

电磁屏蔽复合材料的屏蔽性能预测

建立了填充椭球颗粒电磁屏蔽复合材料等效电磁参数的物理模型,基于变分原理和电磁波传输理论推导出其电磁屏蔽性能的预测公式,计算了不同填充条件下复合材料的屏蔽效能及反射率,分析了填料显微结构特征(浓度、形状、尺寸、分布方式)对复合材料屏蔽性能的影响规律.结果表明,复合材料屏蔽效能和反射率随填料填充浓度、长径比的增加而增大;针形和片形填料优于球形填料且定向分布好于随机分布;材料的反射率在特定的填充浓度及填料尺寸下存在峰值。屏蔽效能的计算结果与实验上填充球形银包羰基铁和镀镍短碳纤维的屏蔽复合材料的测试数据拟合较好。     

电磁屏蔽碳系纳米粒子/聚合物基泡沫复合材料的研究进展

各种电子设备的广泛应用,使得电磁辐射与电磁污染日益严重,电磁屏蔽材料应运而生.泡沫复合材料具有密度低,强度高,抗氧化,耐久性强等优点,是一种新型电磁屏蔽材料.本文介绍了电磁屏蔽碳系纳米粒子/聚合物基泡沫复合材料的最新研究进展.基于材料对电磁波的屏蔽机理,重点分析和概述了复合材料中的吸波剂、微观结构及宏观形貌对电磁屏蔽性能的影响.最后对电磁屏蔽碳系纳米粒子/聚合物基泡沫复合材料的未来发展提出了展望.结果表明,对碳系吸波剂进行改性、构建非均匀结构、设计多样化宏观形貌均可提高泡沫复合材料的屏蔽性能.此外,对复杂电磁环境下电磁屏蔽材料的设计与开发具有重要的理论意义.     

碳纤维复合材料用低频电磁屏蔽涂层材料仿真研究

采用CST EM Studio电磁仿真软件,开展了碳纤维复合材料用低频电磁屏蔽涂层材料仿真设计,建立了低频电磁场屏蔽效能分析模型,研究了涂层厚度、磁导率、电导率对电磁屏蔽涂层屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明,在低频波段,碳纤维复合材料用电磁屏蔽涂层的屏蔽效能随磁导率、电导率、厚度的增加而升高。     

碳纤维表面改性提高其树脂基复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究进展

随着大数据、物联网和新能源汽车等新兴产业的快速发展,相关电子设备与元器件向高性能化、高集成化、轻量化、精密化等方向迈进。随之产生的电磁干扰会威胁人体健康、信息安全以及各种电子设备的正常工作,因此迫切需要高性能的电磁屏蔽材料。碳纤维具有优异的力学性能和良好的导电性,其树脂基复合材料更是兼具质量轻、比强度/模量高、耐疲劳性好、可设计性强以及良好的电磁屏蔽性能等优势。但与传统的金属材料相比,碳纤维复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能较低,为了进一步提高其电磁屏蔽性能,通常需要对碳纤维进行表面改性。本文介绍了碳纤维复合材料的电磁屏蔽机理,综述了不同的碳纤维表面改性方法以及对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能的影响,分析了各种碳纤维表面改性方法的优缺点,进一步对碳纤维增强树脂基电磁屏蔽复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Tailorable,Lightweight and Superelastic Liquid Metal Monoliths for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Liquid metal(LM)has become an emerging material paradigm in the electromagnetic interference shielding field owing to its excellent electrical conductivity.However,the processing of lightweight bulk LM composites with finite package without leakage is still a great challenge,due to high surface tension and pump-out issues of LM.Here,a novel confined thermal expansion strategy based on expandable microsphere(EM)is proposed to develop a new class of LM-based monoliths with 3D continuous conductive network.The EM/LM monolith(EM/LMm)presents outstanding performance of lightweight like metallic aerogel(0.104 g cm^-1),high strength(3.43 MPa),super elasticity(90%strain),as well as excellent tailor ability and recyclability,rely on its unique gas-filled closed-cellular structure and refined LM network.Moreover,the assembled highly conducting EM/LMm exhibits a recorded shielding effectiveness(98.7 dB)over a broad frequency range of 8.2-40 GHz among reported LM-based composites at an ultra-low content of LM,and demonstrates excellent electromagnetic sealing capacity in practical electronics.The ternary EM/LM/Ni monoliths fabricated by the same approach could be promising universal design principles for multifunctional LM composites,and applicable in magnetic responsive actuator.     

Design and performance characteristics of an electromagnetic interference shielded enclosure for high voltage Pockels cell switching system

An electro-magnetic interference noise shielding enclosure for Pockels cells for high speed synchronized switching has been set-up and tested. The shielding effectiveness of the aluminum enclosures housing the Pockels cells and the electronic circuitry has been measured using a high impedance probe and is found to be ∼50 dB. This ensures a noise-free and synchronized electro-optic switching in an Nd:glass re-generative amplifier of chirped pulse amplification based table top terawatt laser system. resigned from RRCAT     

3D打印制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂电磁屏蔽复合材料

采用3D打印技术制备具有连续通孔的环氧树脂基体,利用浸渍工艺将碳纳米管（CNTs）附着于环氧树脂基体孔壁,获得具有优异电性能和电磁屏蔽功能的CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料。研究结果表明,CNTs含量仅为2.86vol%时,CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料电导率高达35 S/m,总电磁屏蔽效能高达39.2 dB（厚度为2.0 mm）。研究表明,CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料对进入其内部电磁波的吸收占总屏蔽效能的98%,表现出吸收屏蔽为主导的电磁屏蔽机制。CNTs/环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量相比环氧树脂基体也有一定的提高。该研究为具有优异电磁屏蔽性能的高分子基复合材料制备提供了新思路和方法。      

Preparation and electromagnetic properties of zinc ferrite/expanded graphite composites

An effective process for the synthesis of nano spinel zinc ferrite/expanded graphite composites was developed in order to get an electromagnetic interference shielding material. Firstly, expandable graphite was prepared using sulfuric and nitric acid solutions. Then, the precursor of the composites was produced by chemical co-precipitation method, followed by heating treatment. The obtained composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric and magnetic properties were determined using vector network analyzer and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results showed that ferrite nanoparticles with the sizes of about 50–150 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface and interspace of EG. The magnetic properties of the composites changed by adjusting the ferrite/EG ratio and the composites had high dielectric constant in the range of 2–18 GHz. These properties of the prepared composites suggest that they can be used as a promising electromagnetic interference shielding material.     

Fiber-optic Bragg gratings as magnetic field-insensitive strain sensors for the surveillance of cryogenic devices

While conventional electrical resistance strain gages show increasing cross-sensitivities to temperature and magnetic field with decreasing temperature down to liquid helium, it has been found that fiber-optic Bragg grating strain sensors show negligible thermo-optic and magneto-optic effects in cryogenic environments; therefore, they allow reliable strain measurements. These specific application advantages of optical fiber Bragg grating sensors at low temperatures, together with the electrical isolation and low electro-magnetic interference, low thermal conductivity and their multiplexing capability, make them attractive for structural health monitoring in cryogenic devices such as superconductive magnets. In this paper we present low temperature characteristics of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and address application-based side effects such as induced birefringence.     

A comparative study of EMI shielding properties of carbon nanofiber and multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polymer composites

Electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon nanofiber- and multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled polystyrene composites were investigated in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz (X-band). It was observed that the shielding effectiveness of composites was frequency independent, and increased with the increase of carbon nanofiber or nanotube loading. At the same filler loading, multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled polystyrene composites exhibited higher shielding effectiveness compared to those filled with carbon nanofibers. In particular, carbon nanotubes were more effective than nanofibers in providing high EMI shielding at low filler loadings. The experimental data showed that the shielding effectiveness of the composite containing 7 wt% carbon nanotubes could reach more than 26 dB, implying that such a composite can be used as a potential electromagnetic interference shielding material. The dominant shielding mechanism of carbon nanotube-filled polystyrene composites was also discussed.     

称重仪表电磁兼容性能的改进

针对称重仪表中出现的电磁兼容性问题进行讨论，并采取了相应的措施，对其进行了改进。     

Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的合成及其调控

利用水解共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,研究了温度和pH值对Fe3O4纳米颗粒粒径、形貌的影响关系。研究结果表明,反应温度从30℃升高到90℃,Fe3O4颗粒的粒径从6～8nm增大到10～12nm;同时,Fe3O4颗粒的饱和磁矩也随着Fe3O4颗粒粒径的增加而升高。溶液pH值会影响Fe3O4纳米颗粒的形状,高pH值易使合成的Fe3O4纳米颗粒为四方形,随着pH值的降低,Fe3O4纳米颗粒向球形转变。Fe3O4纳米颗粒的粒径和形状的可控性为进一步合成、调控Fe3O4电磁功能复合材料奠定了良好基础。     

碳纳米管纸/聚合物复合材料制备及其性能研究进展

碳纳米管纸(又称巴基纸)/聚合物复合材料是纸状的碳纳米管薄层和聚合物复合制成的新型高性能复合材料。巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法主要有真空过滤热压法、原位电化学法和等离子体法。此种新型碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽、力学和电学性能。综述了巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用前景。     

表面改性和复合工艺对金属纤维/聚合物复合材料性能的影响

以不锈钢纤维为导电填料,分别与ABS和PP复合,制得了电磁屏蔽用导电高分子复合材料。考察了表面改性和复合工艺对金属纤维／聚合物复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,用不同表面处理剂处理不锈钢纤维后,随纤维表面张力增加,复合材料的电阻率增加。使用母料法工艺可以有效地改善金属纤维在聚合物基体中的分散,从而提高复合材料的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。