含柔性链大分子偶联剂对SF/PP木塑复合材料结构和性能的影响

合成含柔性链段的大分子偶联剂,以此作为剑麻纤维(SF)/聚丙烯(PP)木塑复合材料的界面相容剂,研究其对复合材料力学性能、热性能、晶态结构和微观结构的影响,提出复合材料界面增容的机理。实验结果表明,经含柔性链段大分子偶联剂表面处理SF后,复合材料的界面相容性得到显著改善,冲击强度可达22.08kJ/m2,比未经偶联剂处理的复合材料提高了49.4%;热稳定性和PP相的结晶速率及结晶度有所提高,晶态结构无变化,仍是典型的α晶型。     

聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/硅灰石复合材料的制备与热学力学性能

采用熔融共混的方法制备聚丙烯(PP)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/硅灰石(Wollastonite)复合材料,利用万能材料试验机、悬臂梁冲击机、差热扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了聚烯烃弹性体和硅灰石对聚丙烯的力学性能及热性能的影响。结果表明,POE弹性体对PP有很好的增韧作用,提高了PP的冲击强度,硅灰石在一定程度上有增强的作用,提高了PP/POE的拉伸强度;POE和硅灰石使复合材料的结晶温度有所提高,但使熔点有所降低。当POE占3%(质量分数,下同),硅灰石占3%时,复合材料的热学、力学性能最优,冲击强度比纯PP高出15.4%,拉伸强度高出2.6%,结晶温度高出5℃。     

硅烷偶联剂处理对 SF/PP结构和性能的影响

采用熔融共混和注塑成型的方法制备了硅烷偶联剂处理的剑麻短纤维(SF)增强聚丙烯(PP)的复合材料,研究了SF表面偶联剂处理对复合材料的晶形结构、微观结构、热性能及力学性能的影响.结果表明硅烷处理削弱了SF在PP结晶过程中的异相成核作用,降低了SF/PP复合材料中PP相的结晶度、结晶温度和结晶速率;提高了复合材料中β-晶型PP的相对含量;增强了SF/PP的界面键合,显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度.     

碱处理对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

采用不同碱处理浓度、处理时间对剑麻纤维(SF)进行表面改性,通过与聚丙烯树脂(PP)混合、塑炼、模压成型制备SF/PP木塑复合材料。研究了剑麻纤维(SF)表面的碱处理方法、含量对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响,借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对SF纤维和复合材料的冲击断面进行微观结构分析。结果表明:碱处理能够提高SF/PP木塑复合材料的力学性能。在碱浓度为10%时,处理时间为4h,SF含量为20%时,冲击强度为15.78kJ.m-2达到最大值,弯曲强度和弯曲模量随着SF含量的增加出现增大的趋势。     

水环境下剑麻纤维/玻璃纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

以聚丙烯树脂(PP)为基体,剑麻纤维(SF)、玻璃纤维(GF)为增强材料。采用熔融共混、模压成型工艺制备PP/SF/GF复合材料。室温条件下,将试样在水中浸泡不同时间,分析其吸水率及性能的变化。结果表明,复合材料的吸水率均随浸泡时间的延长和SF/GF含量的增加而逐渐增加,其冲击强度和弯曲强度均随浸泡时间和SF/GF含量的增加呈下降趋势。同时,复合材料的热稳定性、PP相的结晶速率及结晶度也有所降低。     

凹凸棒石/弹性体协同改性聚丙烯

通过熔融共混法,制得了聚丙烯(PP)/硅烷偶联剂改性的天然凹凸棒石(OATT)/聚烯烃弹性体(POE)三元复合材料和PP/OATT、PP/凹凸棒石(ATT)二元复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能、流变性能和热性能。力学性能研究结果表明:在二元体系中,复合材料的拉伸强度随着ATT和OATT含量提高而提高,但是在相同凹凸棒石含量下,PP/OATT复合材料的拉伸强度提高更显著;PP/ATT复合材料的冲击强度与纯PP比较没有提高反而下降,而PP/OATT的冲击强度则随着OATT含量提高先增后降,并在OATT含量为1%时达到最大值。在PP/OATT/POE三元体系中,当固定PP/OATT比例为100/5时,POE含量达到5%,复合材料冲击强度为8.91KJ/m2,与未加POE体系相比提高了21.10%;当POE含量增加到15%时,复合材料冲击强度提高了44.80%,并且其拉伸强度基本得到保持,说明POE和OATT对PP具有明显的协同增韧增强效果。流变曲线分析表明,在低的剪切速率下,改性的凹凸棒石对PP复合材料的流动性能有较好改善。DSC分析结果表明,POE和OATT均能有效地促进PP结晶,并且OATT/POE二元组分对...     

剑麻表面处理对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

采用机械共混及模压成型工艺将剑麻纤维(SF)和聚丙烯(PP)共混制备SF/PP木塑复合材料,研究了不同SF处理方法及SF含量对复合材料力争}生能和微观结构的影响.实验结果表明,SF的处理方法和SF用量对复合材料界面的影响很大,经碱处理和分散剂处理的SF可改善木塑材料的界面相容性,提高材料的力学性能,其中经自制分散剂处理的SF制得的复合材料的冲击强度最大,随SF含量的增加先增后减,在SF含量为20%(质量分数)时达到22.09kJ/m2.     

超分散剂对SF/PP木塑复合材料结构与性能的影响

以丁二酸酐、聚乙二醇、多乙烯多胺为原料,合成含柔性链段且具有两亲结构的水溶性超分散剂,研究了超分散剂对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能、热性能及微观结构的影响,探讨了复合材料的界面增客机理。实验结果表明,当超分散剂的用量为SF的5%(质量分数)时,复合材料的冲击强度达27.4kJ/m~2,弯曲强度达40.1MPa,比未经超分散剂处理的复合材料分别提高了64%和34%,复合材料的结晶度也有所提高。     

纤维含量对黄麻纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学与热性能的影响

为研发低碳、节能、性能优异的麻纤维增强树脂绿色复合材料并扩展其应用领域,本文采用团队发明的氨基硅油乳液对黄麻纤维(JF)进行表面改性,运用开炼-注塑成型复合工艺研制了纤维含量为10wt%～25wt%的改性黄麻纤维增强聚丙烯(JF/PP)新型复合材料,系统全面地研究了改性麻纤维含量对JF/PP复合材料力学性能、结晶行为、耐热性能(热变形温度)及热尺寸稳定性(线膨胀系数)的影响规律及相关作用机制,并采用接触角测试分析与SEM技术分析了复合材料界面相容性与结合状态。结果表明：氨基硅油乳液改性JF,增强了JF与PP基体的界面结合力。随着纤维含量的增加,JF/PP复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度逐渐增加,而冲击强度则有所降低。DSC、热变形温度和线膨胀系数测试分析表明,添加改性JF能够促进PP异相成核,并限制PP分子链的运动能力,从而提高JF/PP复合材料的耐热性能,且随着纤维含量增加,耐热性能呈不断上升趋势。当改性JF含量为25wt%时,JF/PP复合材料的热变形温度为142.5℃,较纯PP提高了53.5%。同时,复合材料平均线膨胀系数随纤维含量增加而明显降低,表明复合材料的热尺寸稳定性显著提高。相比...     

PET4A改性PP/PLA复合材料的制备及性能研究

选用季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(PET4A)接枝改性聚丙烯，再与聚乳酸(PLA)共混，基于两步法熔融共混工艺制备得到改性聚丙烯/PLA(m-PP/PLA)复合材料。考察了m-PP/PLA复合材料结晶行为、热学性能、力学性能、流变性能、微观形貌的影响因素。结果表明：含有接枝改性后的PP与PLA共混后能够明显地提高复合材料的相容性和结晶度，进而提高复合材料的力学性能。当PET4A添加质量为2%,引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)质量含量为0.05%时，复合材料结晶度达42.0%,综合力学性能最佳，冲击强度和拉伸强度比纯PP/PLA分别提升了25.96%和27.25%。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.     

Properties of CdxPb1−xTe thin films

Thin films of Cd_xPb_1?xTe have been grown on mica substrates using a flash evaporation technique and isothermal substrate heaters. The Cd concentration of the films was found to increase with decreasing substrate temperature and increasing deposition rates. The Hall coefficient changed from positive to negative with increasing substrate temperature, as did the Seebeck coefficient. Both these changes were associated with an increase in the rate of re-evaporation of Te and an improvement in the crystallinity of the films. Carrier mobilities less than bulk values were obtained; scattering mechanisms are discussed.     

Optical and electrical H/sub 2/- and NO/sub 2/-sensing properties of Au/In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films

In this paper, we describe the optical and electrical gas-sensing properties of In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films with an ultrathin gold promoter overlayer. We have fabricated In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films with a nanocrystalline porous structure by RF-sputtering in Ar/N/sub 2/ followed by an annealing process. Gold particles with 20-30-nm diameter have been formed on top of the In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films by dc sputtering and an annealing process. We have investigated the optical H/sub 2/and NO/sub 2/-sensing properties (change of absorbance) and also the electrical sensing effect (change of electrical resistance) for these two gases. A combined optical/electrical sensor for H/sub 2//NO/sub 2/ is proposed.     

Bibliography of high-Tcsuperconductivity

Bibliography of high-T _c superconductivity     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Optimization of the thickness of glass/TiO2/Ag/Ti/TiO2/SiON multilayer film

The TiO₂/Ag/Ti/TiO₂/SiON multilayer film was deposited on glass substrate at room temperature using magnetron sputtering method. By varying the thickness of each layer, the optical property was optimized to achieve good selective spectral filtering performance in Vis-NIR region. The multilayer film achieves maximum transmittance of 92.7% at 690 nm, in which the both TiO₂ layers are 33 nm. For good conductivity and transmittance, a 4 nm Ti layer and a 30 nm SiON layer are necessary.     

Effect of pressure onTc in La2-xBaxCuO4 withx=0.125

The superconducting transition temperature,T _c , of La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ has been measured under high pressure up to 8 GPa.T _c is found to change drastically at the pressure where the structural phase transition takes place. This finding clearly indicates that there exists an intimate relation between the crystal structure and superconductivity.