Heuristic Programming in Spatial System Design

A link is needed to transform and to demonstrate the methodology of heuristic programming to the environment of spatial systems design. A class of problems is proposed which appears to be particularly suitable for this purpose. These problems relate to complex decisions in which the allocation and use of space is a critical dimension. This paper describes a game which may be viewed as an abstraction of real systems involving the packing of smaller items into a larger space; i.e., problems somewhat similar to the knapsack problem. The game has been invented as a means of focusing the attention of student designers on “real” games as opposed to parlor games. A computer implementation of a space game is described which provides for the addition and testing of subroutines incorporating heuristics for making decisions in design problems related to space.     

Bit Rate Reduction in Cloud Gaming Using Object Detection Technique

The past two decades witnessed a broad-increase in web technology and on-line gaming. Enhancing the broadband confinements is viewed as one of the most significant variables that prompted new gaming technology. The immense utilization of web applications and games additionally prompted growth in the handled devices and moving the limited gaming experience from user devices to online cloud servers. As internet capabilities are enhanced new ways of gaming are being used to improve the gaming experience. In cloud-based video gaming, game engines are hosted in cloud gaming data centers, and compressed gaming scenes are rendered to the players over the internet with updated controls. In such systems, the task of transferring games and video compression imposes huge computational complexity is required on cloud servers. The basic problems in cloud gaming in particular are high encoding time, latency, and low frame rates which require a new methodology for a better solution. To improve the bandwidth issue in cloud games, the compression of video sequences requires an alternative mechanism to improve gaming adaption without input delay. In this paper, the proposed improved methodology is used for automatic unnecessary scene detection, scene removing and bit rate reduction using an adaptive algorithm for object detection in a game scene. As a result, simulations showed without much impact on the players’ quality experience, the selective object encoding method and object adaption technique decrease the network latency issue, reduce the game streaming bitrate at a remarkable scale on different games. The proposed algorithm was evaluated for three video game scenes. In this paper, achieved 14.6% decrease in encoding and 45.6% decrease in bit rate for the first video game scene.     

中国风独立游戏中传统文化元素的应用及意义

目的探讨传统文化元素在中国风独立游戏中的应用,为独立游戏在青少年中创造积极的社会影响提供理论依据。方法通过举例分析中国风独立游戏在视觉设计、剧本创作、玩法交互3个方面里包含的传统文化元素,总结并阐释独立游戏在发扬传统文化中的作用和意义。结论传统文化在中国风独立游戏中融合与渗透,在视觉设计上展示了传统文化艺术的美感,在叙事和交互中体现了传统文化的魅力。独立游戏能够将传统文化知识进行趣味性表达,创造沉浸式的文化氛围,激发受众学习和了解传统文化的兴趣。摒弃商业游戏中普遍存在的暴力、低俗等噱头元素后,独立游戏更能发挥电子游戏与用户分享情感体验和观点的媒介作用,在传统文化传播与深化传统文化价值意义上有积极作用。     

Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate the content effectiveness of video games: a pilot study

Storytelling is the key design element in game design. Content preparation, which examines ‘what information users want’, yielded valuable data concerning the necessary attributes of storytelling in a web-based interface. After identifying 17 basic components of video games, the authors of this paper were able to categorise the components based on guidelines reported from the literature review into four major factors: game play; game setup; game control; and game help. In order to evaluate these factors, an experiment was conducted that required participants to evaluate three PC games selected for their distinctiveness and popularity: Need for Speed VII: Most Wanted; StarCraft; and Diablo II. Twelve highly skilled video game players were selected as participants. After playing each game, participants were asked to complete a 56-question survey and the results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that all items of development and content preparation are not of equal importance. Fantasy, pressure, reward/bonus, next step, pressure, status, menu, goal, character, hints and instruction are the components that have the most significant impact on user satisfaction.     

On describing the solution sets of generalized Nash games with shared constraints

In this paper we use parametric variational inequality problems for the purpose of describing entire solution sets of generalized Nash games with shared constraints. We prove two theoretical results and we introduce a computational method that practitioners can implement in applied problems modeled as generalized Nash games, under assumptions present in the current literature. Further, we give illustrative examples of how our computational technique is used to derive solution sets of known generalized Nash games previously not solved by existing techniques. We close with the presentation of an applied problem formulated as a generalized Nash game, namely a model of a joint implementation environmental accord between countries. We discuss the possible advantages of modeling it within a generalized Nash game framework.     

Excellent gamer, excellent driver? The impact of adolescents' video game playing on driving behavior: a two-wave panel study

This study explored the impact of adolescents’ playing of racing and drive’em up games on their risky driving behavior. Participants were 354 adolescent boys and girls who took part in a longitudinal panel survey on video game playing and risk taking attitudes, intentions and behaviors. In line with cultivation theory and theory of planned behavior the results showed that (even after controlling for aggression and sensation seeking) video game playing during adolescence succeeded in predicting later risky driving behavior through adolescents’ attitudes and intentions to exhibit this behavior in the future. The results suggest that this relationship may in part be explained by the game content.     

On the environment-destructive probabilistic trends: A perceptual and behavioral study on video game players

Currently, gaming is the world's favorite form of entertainment. Various studies have shown how games impact players' perceptions and behaviors, prompting opportunities for purposes beyond entertainment. This study uses Animal Crossing: New Horizons (ACNH)—a real-time life-simulation game—as a unique case study of how video games can affect humans' environmental perceptions. A dataset of 584 observations from a survey of ACNH players and the Hamiltonian MCMC technique have enabled us to explore the relationship between in-game behaviors and perceptions. Here we show a probabilistic trend towards exploiting the in-game environment despite players' perceptions, suggesting that the simplification of commercial game design may overlook opportunities to engage and educate players in pro-environmental activities.     

知识分类视角下儿童科普游戏的叙事设计与效果验证

目的 基于知识划分理论和查特曼叙事分析框架,探索儿童科普游戏的叙事设计框架。方法 梳理了现有设计问题及成因,分析、构建设计理论框架SPGD;基于该框架自主研发一款以“抗生素耐药性”为主题的RPG科普游戏,将其作为科普学习材料进行干预实验,以确保实验数据能够准确反映理论框架的有效性。结果 实验数据显示,游戏实例能够有效指导儿童科普游戏叙事设计实践,并保证儿童科普学习的主观体验和客观效果。结论 基于SPGD框架开发的科普游戏可以有效提升儿童对特定科普知识的认知效果和科普学习体验。     

Street racing video games and risk-taking driving: An Internet survey of automobile enthusiasts

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among risky driving attitudes, self-perceptions as a risky driver, playing of “drive’em up” (which rewarded players for frequent traffic and other violations) and “circuit” racing video games as well as self-reported risky driving through a web-based survey of car and racing club members in relation to a socio-cognitive model of the effects of racing video game playing.

Method

An Internet questionnaire was developed and included: (1) self-perceptions as a risky driver scales (Driver Thrill Seeking and Competitive Attitude Toward Driving); (2) attitudes regarding street racing; (3) street racing video game playing, and (4) self-reported risky driving (Risk-Taking Driving Scale). A sequential logistic regression was performed entering age and driving exposure as control variables in the first block, self-perceptions as a risky driver in the second block, attitudes in the third block and playing “drive’em up” and “circuit” racing games in the last block to examine their effects on self-reported risk-taking driving.

Results

A total of 503 survey respondents were included in the analyses and only 20% reported any risk-taking driving. Higher score on the Competitive Attitude Toward Driving Scale, more positive attitudes toward street racing, and more frequent reported playing of “drive’em up” video games were associated with higher odds on the self-reported Risk-Taking Driving Scale. However, the Driver Thrill Seeking Scale and “circuit” video game playing failed to predict self-reported risk-taking driving.

Conclusions

Self-perceptions as a risky driver, positive attitudes toward risky driving and “drive’em up” street-racing games, but not “circuit” racing games, are associated with increased risk-taking driving. These findings are congruent with experimental studies in which games that reward driving violations increased risk taking, suggesting that risk taking may be a function of type of street racing game played by affecting self-perceptions as a risky driver.     

Identifying Game Processes Based on Private Working Sets

Fueled by the booming online games, there is an increasing demand for monitoring online games in various settings. One of the application scenarios is the monitor of computer games in school computer labs, for which an intelligent game recognition method is required. In this paper, a method to identify game processes in accordance with private working sets (i.e., the amount of memory occupied by a process but cannot be shared among other processes) is introduced. Results of the W test showed that the memory sizes occupied by the legitimate processes (e.g., the processes of common native windows applications) and game processes followed normal distribution. Using the T-test, a significant difference was identified between the legitimate processes and C/S-based computer games, in terms of the means and variances of their private working sets. Subsequently, we derived the density functions of the private working sets of the considered game processes and those of the legitimate processes. Given the private working set of a process and the derived probability density functions, the probability that the process is a legitimate process and the probability that the process is a game process can be determined. After comparing the two probabilities, we can easily determine whether the process is a game process or not. As revealed from the test results, the recognition accuracy of this method for C/S-based computer games was approximately 90%.     

面向巴渝传统建筑文化的严肃游戏开发研究及 设计实践

通过对巴渝传统建筑文化进行严肃游戏开发及设计实践，实现传统文化的保护与传承。对目前巴渝传统建筑文化的保护现状进行调查研究，分析严肃游戏对传承巴渝传统建筑文化的适用性、有效性与独特优势，提出巴渝传统建筑严肃游戏的开发策略、设计程序与设计方法。基于严肃游戏理念设计桌面棋牌类游戏“渝筑”，完成游戏定位、游戏规则、游戏逻辑设计及相应的视觉设计，为巴渝传统建筑文化的活化创新应用提供新思路。     

基于用户的手机棋牌类游戏界面设计探讨

目的在棋牌游戏设计中,设计适合不同族群使用的游戏界面,以获得更好的用户体验及更大的用户群体。方法采用内容分析法及比较分析法,对3款棋牌类游戏APP界面设计与要素进行探讨,根据游戏视觉风格设计、版式设计、控件布局、游戏逻辑,将资料系统化,并将研究结果提供开发者和设计师作为参考依据。结论以用户为中心的设计原则,是游戏界面设计占据市场竞争优势的必要条件。     

Bounded careers in creative industries: Surprising patterns in video games

We contribute empirical evidence to the literature on careers in creative industries. It has been argued that boundaryless career patterns are at the core of creative industries. We question this widely held argument and show that the most innovative Japanese video game developers make use of employment models that prioritise stable employment and bounded careers linked to it. The paper makes several contributions: First, it carefully describes career development patterns of Japanese video game developers, which have so far not been documented. We hereby contribute to the literature on creative industries by adding an important empirical case of bounded career patterns. Second, we try to explain why Japanese firms stick to traditional practices by addressing the link of bounded careers to integrative capabilities, and discuss what this means for creative industries in general and for video games in particular. We argue that integrative capabilities matter also in creative industries.     

基于沉浸理论的自闭症儿童体感游戏交互设计

目的 探究可提升自闭症儿童体感游戏用户体验的交互设计方法,提升自闭症儿童在利用体感游戏进行康复训练时的用户体验.方法 以沉浸理论为基础,通过用户研究总结出自闭症儿童体感游戏的设计策略.并将层次分析法(AHP)和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)应用到体感游戏的设计中,以及时的反馈、愉悦的界面表现、有效的操作交互、清晰的目标任务设计策略建立了体感游戏沉浸感设计的量化评估模型,并对设计出的方案进行了评估,选择了最佳方案,并进行深入的设计.结论 总结出了一套自闭症儿童体感游戏的交互设计策略和评估方法,并将其应用到自闭症儿童的体感游戏的设计中,从而创造出科学有效的沉浸式游戏体验,提高游戏干预自闭症儿童康复训练的效果,并为同类产品的设计提供了参考.     

基于模糊Kano模型与熵权TOPSIS的产品设计研究

目的 为提供以玩家体验为中心的严肃游戏产品,提出一种融合学习方法(游戏化机制模型、模糊Kano模型、熵权TOPSIS法)的严肃游戏设计方法。方法 首先,根据游戏教育目标结合相关成熟范式建立有针对性的学习机制——游戏化机制模型(Learning Mechanics-Game Mechanics Model),然后对模型中指标进行相关性评价,筛选得到初步符合游戏主题与教育目的的设计要素。其次,使用模糊Kano模型设计问卷调查得到需求分类,以必备需求为核心设计要素,提取期望需求、兴奋需求进行再次筛选排序,计算满意度指标。再次,通过李克特量表收集对满意度指标的评价信息结合熵值法得到具有客观性的设计要素权重,使用逼近理想解法(TOPSIS)确定各设计要素重要性排序。最后,以宣传网络信息安全的实体严肃游戏“DataCapital”作为设计案例,验证了该设计方法的可行性与优越性。结论 认为该方法能较好地帮助严肃游戏的开发、切实提高游戏的玩家满意度,能为其他类似产品提供设计方法借鉴。     

非物质文化遗产数字化游戏设计策略研究——以基于傩文化的虚实结合游戏为例

目的 从非遗数字化游戏的概念及问题入手进行阐述,以非遗数字游戏化策略为研究载体,探究将数字化游戏以及虚实结合技术应用于非遗数字化保护与传承的设计策略,助力非遗数字化创新。方法 运用现代设计理念方法,从游戏故事、机制、美学设计等方面入手,融合非遗文化的实体内容与虚拟游戏内容,探索游戏设计流程与方法模型,提出虚实融合的非遗文化数字化传播新路径。结果 构建了非遗数字游戏化体验设计策略,并对傩面具文化开展虚实结合的游戏设计与开发,验证了方法的可行性。结论 首先,通过充分利用数字技术来展示傩文化内涵,可以更加广泛地弘扬和传播中华优秀传统文化;其次,游戏化的设计策略可以有效助力文化传播,使非遗传统文化的魅力和精髓蕴藏为游戏要素的点点滴滴,显现在游戏体验的全部过程,充分体现“寓教于乐”的教育理念;最后,创新技术应用为非遗游戏特别是文化传播类型游戏的开发创造了更多可能性,通过实物与虚拟内容的融合,更有利于创新文化传播与游戏运行机制,提升游戏体验的沉浸感和趣味性。     

文化遗产类功能游戏设计与文化传播研究

目的 探索文化遗产类功能游戏的设计体系与文化传播策略,为目前文化遗产在功能游戏中的传承提供新的设计思路和实践参考.方法 基于文化遗产数字化与文化遗产类功能游戏发展分析,提出文化遗产类功能游戏的设计体系,并以姑苏文化功能游戏设计为例进行实践验证.结论 文化遗产类功能游戏在用户体验与文化传播方面具有独特之处,需要对其进行系统性设计.首先要明确游戏的主要目的功能,然后进行文化遗产元素的提炼与游戏内符号系统的转化.在设计方法上,应找寻最佳平衡点,进行多元化融合设计,主要采取以用户体验为中心,并基于情境创设的综合设计方法.     

老年人居家锻炼积极性因素与设计师介入机会研究

目的居家锻炼对老年人自身来说是一个良好的身体锻炼和身心康复方案,对于家庭、社会乃至政府而言,降低了为照顾老人而投入的时间、精力乃至金钱。探索影响老年人居家锻炼积极性的因素和设计师的介入机会与方向。方法基于广泛的文献分析总结影响老年人居家锻炼积极性的因素,并通过严肃游戏分析,提炼出在严肃游戏中适用于促进老年人居家锻炼的特性。再通过专家评估与设计师访谈,确定锻炼项目本身的设计对老年人居家锻炼积极性的关键影响,进而强调锻炼项目设计的重要性。结论提出促进老年人居家锻炼积极性因素的核心是优秀的锻炼项目设计,并给出老年严肃游戏设计的流程框架图,以期在为解决老年人居家运动积极性的问题上,明确设计师在游戏设计各部分的作用,并给予设计师相应的帮助和指导。     

设计体验的游戏特征研究

目的分析游戏产生乐趣的机制,研究出适用于现代设计体验的游戏特征。方法以游戏的元素和机制为基础,对人们的乐趣分类研究,分析游戏是如何满足不同层次消费者的精神需求的,对其中游戏的元素和机制不断产生乐趣的原理进行分析。结论游戏作为人们日常消遣和娱乐的方式之一,用户在游戏互动体验中更容易操作,娱乐交互的效果更好,游戏带来的情感化、娱乐化体验让用户更加主动地参与。游戏的使用者和设计的体验者具有一致性——人,人们产生乐趣的方式也具有共同性,并且随着人们精神需求的不断提高,现代设计体验已经无法满足,可以借鉴其中部分产生乐趣的方法,运用于设计之中。通过对游戏产生乐趣机制的研究,将现代设计体验提升到一个新的层次。     

动态联盟收益分配问题的博弈研究

借鉴委托-代理理论建立了动态联盟的收益分配模型,分析了动态联盟收益分配过程应考虑的因素,并以此为基础利用博弈论的相关模型分析动态联盟的博弈行为,其中包括两种非合作策略下的博弈和一种合作策略下的博弈,并通过实例论证了动态联盟进行合作机制设计和应用的必要性.