干式风机盘管机组应用研究

针对干式风机盘管机组的使用特点,调研行业内关于干式风机盘管机组的研究与发展,结合多年的干式风机盘管产品开发及工程实际使用经验,找出抑制干式风机盘管机组广泛应用的制约因素——换热能力差。并提出一些换热能力优化解决方案:通过优化盘管的管径、翅片的结构,可以增加换热流体在有限空间内的扰流效果;设置合理的翅片间距、盘管排数,以增大换热面积;合理设置换热器的流型,以提高冷热流体间的平均传热温差;调整换热器的流路数,找到最佳的冷冻水管程,适当增加冷热流体的接触时间,进一步优化传热效果。结果表明,通过一系列优化方案的实施,干式风机盘管机组的换热能力整体提升约30%。     

凹印机换热器结构性能的优化

目的大幅度优化凹印机的工作性能,为干燥箱提供持续稳定的热源。方法依据流体力学与传热学理论对换热器进行仿真分析,研究翅片管换热器的换热效率与翅片高度、翅片间距、换热管排列方式的映射关系。结果换热器的换热效率随翅片间距的增加而减少,选择3 mm间距时效果较优,较低的翅片高度使换热器结构更加紧凑;在正三角形、转角正三角形、正方形、转角正方形排列方式中,正三角形排列方式出口温度均匀且换热效率最高。结论选取凹印机换热器的结构时尽量选择翅片间距小、翅片高度低、正三角形排列的换热器,为企业选用最优性能的换热器提供理论依据。     

风冷机组翅片盘管换热器设计参数相关性分析

本文通过对翅片盘管换热器的主要设计参数如管排数、翅片密度和管排高度,以及与风机和机组结构的相关性分析,指出了这些参数对流动及换热的相关影响,应采用综合考虑的设计方法来进行换热器的设计;并定量地给出了对于某一常规机型的设计参数的关系以及变化值范围,用于实际设计工作的参考指导。对于100冷吨的制冷机组,为了达到同样的换热量,不同盘管排数下所需要的换热面积差别超过10%,翅片密度的影响在±5%。在不同的盘管高度上,盘管上下的空气流速变化可达到100%。     

整体翅片式微通道换热器的数值模拟

采用CFD数值模拟的方法,对整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧的流动与传热特性进行研究,用场协同的原理分析翅片参数(长度、高度、间距)对换热器性能的影响,并与传统微通道换热器空气侧性能进行对比。结果表明:在考查的翅片尺寸范围内,随着翅片长度的缩短、高度的增加、间距的减小,温度场和速度场的协同性随之改善,有利于换热效果的提高;与传统的微通道换热器相比,整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧换热性能变差,但是阻力大大降低,总体性能有所改善。     

翅片结构对翅片管换热器积灰与压降影响的实验研究

积灰对具有不同翅片结构的翅片管换热器均会造成长效性能的衰减。本文搭建了换热器积灰可视化实验台,研究了翅片结构对积灰量及积灰后空气侧压降的影响。测试样件的翅片类型包括平直翅片、波纹翅片和开窗翅片;翅片间距范围为1.3~1.8 mm。实验结果表明:开窗翅片管换热器表面最容易沉积粉尘并增大积灰后压降,与平直翅片相比,波纹翅片和开窗翅片表面粉尘沉积量分别提高了25.6%和52.8%、积灰后压降增量分别提高了44.4%和165.6%;对于开窗翅片,小翅片间距有利于积灰并增大积灰后压降,与翅片间距1.8 mm的样件相比,翅片间距1.5 mm和1.3 mm的样件表面粉尘沉积量分别提高了26.2%和43.2%、积灰后压降增量分别提高了24.1%和49.4%;在积灰过程中,随着粉尘沉积量的增加,翅片管换热器空气侧压降先增大后保持稳定。     

三排变片距翅片盘管换热器结霜特性实验研究

为改善空气源热泵室外翅片盘管换热器在低环境温度下沿空气流动方向结霜不均匀、首排结霜量较大进而导致热泵除霜间隔较短、制热能力下降等问题,对不同翅片片距组合的变片距翅片盘管换热器在低环温工况下运行及结霜的情况进行实验研究。结果表明：变片距翅片盘管换热器在低环温条件下可有效延长迎风面管排发生结霜堵塞的时间、对于结霜生长速度和结霜质量也有抑制作用。变片距翅片盘管换热器在结霜中后期阶段换热功率更高,在合理的翅片间距组合下,变片距翅片盘管换热器可以在不损失过多换热功率的情况下延长换热器迎风面管排结霜堵塞的时间,如样品4的平均换热功率比样品1低6.02%,而除霜间隔延长了37 min。     

干盘管用平行流换热器翅片参数对空气侧换热系数及压降的影响

为了使平行流换热器在干盘管中得到推广应用,本文根据传热及压降关联式,采用数值模拟计算的方法,研究了干盘管用平行流换热器翅片参数对其空气侧换热性能及压降的影响,为干盘管用平行流换热器的设计提供参考依据。     

采用窗片的5 mm管换热器在湿工况下换热性能的实验研究

在湿工况下,对11个采用百叶窗翅片的5 mm管换热器进行了实验研究,并分析了翅片间距、进口空气相对湿度等因素对空气侧换热性能的影响。研究结果表明:换热量随翅片间距的增加而减小,且比7 mm管或更大管径换热器更明显;换热量受进口空气相对湿度的影响小;在翅片底部出现水桥,而在7 mm管或者更大管径换热器中不曾出现。根据实验数据开发了预测5 mm翅片管换热器换热性能的j因子关联式,误差在士20%以内。     

异型管管翅式换热器性能研究

管翅式换热器的翅片优化为研究热点,而对管型的研究较少.本文提出一种与圆管相同水力半径的异型管的设计方法,建立了异型管管翅式换热器空气侧换热的数值计算模型,研究了管型、迎风方向和翅片间距对异型管管翅式换热器性能的影响.结果表明:对于双排的异型管换热器,第一排管大圆迎风,第二排管小圆迎风时,空气流动最均匀,压降最低,是综合...     

干盘管换热器与湿盘管换热器热工性能试验研究

传统空调末端换热器的设计工况一般为湿工况,随着建筑节能和室内空气品质要求的提高,温湿度独立控制和水蒸发冷却空调系统技术的逐步推广,干盘管换热器开始在工程系统中直接进行应用。这里利用铜管套翅片换热器的实验结果,采用综合制冷性能系数评价方法对干盘管换热器和湿盘管换热器热工性能进行了分析比较和评价,并提出在关注节能要求的同时,应关注换热器金属材料的消耗问题,供广大暖通空调行业人员参考。     

Heat transfer characteristics of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch

The objective of this study is to provide experimental data that can be used in the optimal design of flat plate finned-tube heat exchangers with large fin pitch. In this study, 22 heat exchangers were tested with a variation of fin pitch, number of tube row, and tube alignment. The air-side heat transfer coefficient decreased with a reduction of the fin pitch and an increase of the number of tube row. The reduction in the heat transfer coefficient of the four-row heat exchanger coil was approximately 10% as the fin pitch decreased from 15.0 to 7.5 mm over the Reynolds number range of 500–900 that was calculated based on the tube diameter. For all fin pitches, the heat transfer coefficient decreased as the number of tube row increased from 1 to 4. The staggered tube alignment improved heat transfer performance more than 10% compared to the inline tube alignment. A heat transfer correlation was developed from the measured data for flat plate finned-tubes with large fin pitch. The correlation yielded good predictions of the measured data with mean deviations of 3.8 and 6.2% for the inline and staggered tube alignment, respectively.     

汽车空调暖风机热交换器的优化设计

提高汽车空调性能的主要方式是提高热交换器的换热效率. 由于汽车内部空间的限制,不能单纯依靠增加热交换器体积的方法来提高热效率,因此对热交换器结构优化设计将具有现实意义. 利用Flnent求解和正交设计的方法对汽车暖风机热交换器进行优化设计. Fluent软件可以模拟热交换器的流动和传热过程,正交设计的方法可以建立回归方程,因此可以得到出口温度的数学模型,该模型定量地描述了翅片间距、翅片高度及水管间距对换热效率的影响,优化汽车暖风热交换器的结构,最后通过试验证明了优化设计结果的准确性.优化热交换器的结构参数：翅片间距为1.1 mm,翅片高度为6.9 mm,管距为5.2 mm.根据Fluent模拟仿真得到出口温度的回归方程：Y=307.308+2.333X₁ +0.677X₂+0,561X₃-2.501X₁²,影响出口温度的因素依次为翅片间距、翅片高度和水管间距.Fluent模拟仿真和正交试验设计相结合的方法有助于产品结构分析和优化设计.     

翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的积灰特性及对空气侧压降的影响

空调器室内机多数采用翅片管换热器,会因制冷运行过程中表面析湿而粘附灰尘,导致空气流动阻力增大。本文选用空调器中常用的平直翅片、波纹翅片和开窗翅片作为测试样件,翅片间距范围为1.5～2.2 mm,研究了翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的积灰特性及积灰对空气侧压降的影响。结果表明:翅片表面的析湿量决定积灰程度,析湿液滴分布越密集、液桥数量越多,翅片迎风面的堵塞程度越严重且空气侧压降越大。在相同析湿工况下,具有复杂结构的开窗翅片和小翅片间距更容易积灰并增大空气侧压降,因此降低翅片结构复杂程度并适当增大翅片间距有利于空调器的防尘。在积灰过程中,随着换热器表面粉尘沉积量增加,空气侧压降先增大后保持稳定。     

Heat transfer characteristics of spirally-coiled circular fin-tube heat exchangers operating under frosting conditions

The objective of this study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of spirally-coiled circular fin-tube heat exchangers under frosting conditions. The heat transfer rate, pressure drop, frost thickness, and Nusselt number of the heat exchanger were measured and analyzed by varying the fin pitch and number of tube rows under frosting conditions. In addition, the Nusselt number of the spirally-coiled circular fin-tube exchanger was compared with those of flat plate fin-tube heat exchangers with discrete fins. An empirical correlation of the Nusselt number was developed as a function of the Reynolds number, dimensionless fin pitch normalized by the hydraulic diameter, i.e., D_h/F_p, Fourier number, and number of tube rows. The measured Nusselt number was consistent with the predicted value with mean and average deviations of 3.5% and 0.3%, respectively.     

Air-side performance evaluation of three types of heat exchangers in dry,wet and periodic frosting conditions

The performances of three types of heat exchangers that use the louver fin geometry: (1) parallel flow parallel fin with extruded flat tubes heat exchanger (PF²), (2) parallel flow serpentine fin with extruded flat tubes heat exchanger (PFSF) and (3) round tube wave plate fin heat exchanger (RTPF) have been experimentally studied under dry, wet and frost conditions and results are presented. The parameters quantified include air-side pressure drop, water retention on the surface of the heat exchanger, capacity and overall heat transfer coefficient for air face velocity 0.9, 2 and 3 m/s, air humidity 70% and 80% and different orientations. The performances of three types of heat exchanger are compared and the results obtained are presented. The condensate drainage behavior of the air-side surface of these three heat exchanger types was studied using both the dip testing method and wind tunnel experiment.     

Evaluation of thermal contact conductance using a new experimental-numerical method in fin-tube heat exchangers

In a fin-tube heat exchanger the contact between fin collar and tube surface is obtained through mechanical expansion of tubes. Since the interfaces between the tubes and fins consist partially of metal-to-metal contact and partially of air, the features of heat transfer through the contact interfaces have not been fully investigated. The present study aims at the development of a new tool including an experiment and a numerical calculation for the estimation of the thermal contact conductance between the fin collar and tube surface, and pursues the evaluation of the factors affecting the thermal contact conductance in a fin-tube heat exchanger. Heat exchangers fabricated for the current study have been put to the test for heat balance in a vacuum chamber with water as an internal fluid. And a finite difference numerical scheme has been used for the data reduction of the experimental data to evaluate the thermal contact conductance. Fin-tube heat exchangers employed in the current research are of tube diameter of 7 mm with different tube expansion ratios, fin spacings, and fin types. The results of the present study imply that these parameters as well as hydrophilic fin coating have a significant effect on the thermal contact conductance. It has been discovered that the portion of the thermal contact resistance is not negligible compared with the total thermal resistance in a fin-tube heat exchanger, and this means that in order to reduce the thermal contact resistance thoughtful care should be taken in fabricating heat exchangers.     

波纹和百叶窗型表冷器空气侧换热性能的实验研究及分析方法

本文对方形组合式空调机组翅片管换热器空气侧的换热性能进行了实验研究和计算模型分析。将分布参数法（TTM）和创新的分排参数法(RDDM)拓展到方形组合式空调机组制热工况的实验数据处理中,分析翅片管换热器空气侧的换热性能,并与传统的ε-NTU法、集中参数法（LMTD）对比,4种方法计算的j因子和传热系数h偏差均在10%的范围内;基于分排参数模型,研究不同翅片形状、不同翅片间距、不同管径和不同翅片管排数下,传热因子j的变化情况。结果表明：j随Re增加逐渐减小,Re从3 000增至6 020,j下降了25.6%。相同Re下,开窗翅片比波纹翅片的j大,并随着Re的增加两者之间的最大偏差从26.3%缩小为8.3%。j随翅片间距和管径的增大而增大,随着管排数增加而降低,8排管时j急剧降低至约0.008。     

房间空调器缩小换热器管径的表面反应设计方法

在缩小管径后换热器的优化设计中,为了解决传统设计方法不能满足对换热器性能和成本的同时寻优求解问题,采用表面反应法对换热器进行设计.该方法将连续区间内管长和翅片间距与换热性能和成本的关系拟合成可直接求解的二次连续函数,实现了多变量连续区间内的寻优.将该方法用于7mm管换热器缩小管径的优化,其设计结果与实验数据偏差为0.3％,验证了该方法的准确性.采用验证后的设计方法,对9.52mm管换热器进行了优化设计表明,在保证热性能不变前提下,换热器管径从9.52mm缩小为5mm,换热器成本降低28.0％,制冷剂充注量减少39.8％.