SnO2添加剂对AgCuOIn2O3复合材料电接触性能的影响

采用反应合成法结合塑性变形工艺制备了不同SnO2含量的AgCuOIn2O3SnO2电触头材料,在JF04C触点材料测试机上对不同SnO2含量的电触头材料进行电接触实验,研究了该材料的接触电阻、抗熔焊性和材料转移特性,并通过扫描电镜对试样阴/阳表面电侵蚀下的微观形貌进行了分析.结果表明AgCuOIn2O3SnO2触头材料...     

Ti/TiN/Zr/ZrN多层膜对钛合金疲劳性能的影响

采用真空阴极电弧沉积技术在TC11钛合金基体上沉积约10μm厚的Ti/Ti N/Zr/Zr N多层膜,通过对比镀膜前后试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度、疲劳强度、疲劳寿命,以及断口形貌,研究沉积Ti/Ti N/Zr/Zr N多层膜对基体疲劳性能的影响,探讨疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:多层膜对TC11钛合金基体材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响不大,但由于膜层硬而脆而降低了基体材料的收缩率和延伸率;多层膜提高基体材料的疲劳极限;低应力下,裂纹源在多层膜表面萌生,并向内部扩展,在多层结构的膜层界面处受到阻碍,发生偏转,从而提高基体疲劳寿命;高应力下,膜层容易破裂,裂纹源增多,降低基体疲劳寿命;应力水平在520 MPa到650 MPa范围内,疲劳寿命增量从+40.82%降到-36.88%。     

[±20°]钢丝/橡胶复合材料的疲劳损伤累积

对[±20°]钢丝帘线增强的橡胶复合材料在拉伸循环载荷下的疲劳损伤累积进行了研究.结果表明:在载荷控制的疲劳过程中,材料的周期最大应变发展曲线呈现明显的三阶段规律.帘线端头处基体裂纹的出现是宏观疲劳损伤的初始,损伤的累积表现为裂纹数量增加、帘线/基体脱粘和层间裂纹的扩展.以动蠕变为参量建立了线性疲劳损伤累积模型,该模型能够较好地预报两级加载条件下材料的第二级疲劳寿命.     

脉冲涡流热成像金属材料裂纹检测研究

为分析不同激励条件下不同材料感应加热特性,采用有限元仿真软件分析铁磁性材料45#钢和非铁磁性材料不锈钢感应加热时的涡流分布和温度分布,发现45#钢趋肤深度很小,裂纹边沿感应电流密度较大;不锈钢趋肤深度受激励电流频率影响很大。随激励电流频率的增大,趋肤深度减小,裂纹边沿感应电流密度增大。涡流的分布和裂纹对热扩散的阻碍作用共同决定裂纹附近温度的分布,并通过实验对仿真结论进行验证,确定两种材料表面裂纹的最佳激励条件。     

碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻效应

以短切碳纤维毡和环氧树脂为原材料制成复合材料,考察了该材料在单向拉伸载荷下的力阻响应。实验结果表明,该材料具有正力阻效应(拉应变引起材料的电阻增大)。其中,单层碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻灵敏度可达13.9,但在加载过程中其电阻表现出逐渐衰减趋势;多层碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻性能更为稳定,但随着层数的增加灵敏度逐渐降低,5层复合材料的力阻灵敏度下降到5.7。多层复合材料的立体导电网络是其稳定性提升和灵敏度下降的主要原因。将碳纤维毡/环氧树脂多层复合材料敷设在梁结构表面形成智能表层,利用其力阻性能实现了梁结构在循环载荷下的变形监测以及在单调载荷作用下损伤监测。     

不同碳源对LiFePO4/C复合材料性能的影响

采用机械液相活化法与高温固相法相结合制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4和LiFePO4/C.考察了蔗糖、柠檬酸、葡萄糖、酒石酸等不同碳源对材料性能的影响,并采用XRD、 SEM和恒电流充放电测试等方法对材料的结构、表面形貌及电化学性能进行了研究,利用Raman光谱和TEM分析材料中碳的存在状态.结果表明,得到的样品结构均为橄榄石型,碳源的加入能有效地减小材料的颗粒尺寸,并且材料的电导率比纯LiFePO4的电导率提高了5个数量级.LiFePO4/C样品的表面包覆层均为非晶碳,以柠檬酸为碳源合成的LiFePO4/C材料,具有较小的颗粒尺寸,均匀多孔的表面碳包覆层和最佳的电化学性能.在0.1C下第3次的放电比容量达141.0mAh/g,循环10次后容量无衰减.     

多弧离子镀TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用XH-800多弧离子镀设备在硬质合金刀具表面制备TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜.利用XRD、SEM、显微硬度计、多功能材料表面性能测试仪等对其组织结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明:膜层表面均匀,未出现龟裂现象,色泽光亮度好;膜的相结构组成为TiN和Cr2N,随着Cr靶电流的增大,TiN的择优取向由(200)向(111)转变,膜层出现单质Cr;膜层厚度为5.02μm,具有明显多层特征;显微硬度2536 HV;结合力65 N.     

分级结构的碳/二硫化钼纳米带的制备及其锂电性能研究

以钼粉、过氧化氢(30%)、苹果酸、硫脲为原料,通过连续的水热法-热分解碳包覆,制备出了分级结构的C@MoS_2@C纳米带,并通过X射线衍射、扫描透射及电化学性能表征方法对该纳米复合材料的形貌结构、组成成分及锂电性能进行测试。研究结果表明,通过该连续的水热法-热分解碳包覆,以碳包覆的三氧化钼纳米带为模板,制备出分级结构的C@MoS_2纳米带复合材料,其MoS_2纳米片均匀的负载在碳层表面,通过再一次简单的热分解碳包覆,实现了在MoS_2表面均匀覆盖一层无定形碳,得到了三层分级结构的C@MoS_2@C纳米带复合材料。通过这种形貌结构的筑造,极大提高了其作为锂电负极材料的导电性、结构稳定性,该材料作为锂电负极材料在0.2 A/g的恒流充放电下循环100次后放电比容量达到1025.5m Ah/g,在1.0 A/g的大电流充放电循环中放电比容量仍然达到820 m Ah/g。     

不同制备温度下Ti2SnC增强银基复合材料的物相、微观组织和物理性能演变(英文)

大部分能源必须转化为电能才能为人类所利用，而在电能的传输和分配过程中，开关起着决定性作用。电触头是开关的核心组件，其质量和性能直接关系到终端设备工作的稳定性和安全性。长期以来，传统Ag/CdO复合电触头材料的毒性问题无法得到有效解决，而现有无Cd电触头材料(Ag/SnO₂、Ag/ZnO、Ag/C、Ag/Ni等)仍存在诸多问题。因此，开发新型环保高性能电触头增强相材料是低压开关用电触头发展的迫切需求和必然趋势。近年来，MAX相作为一种新型层状陶瓷材料，兼具金属的导电、导热、易加工和陶瓷的耐高温、耐腐蚀、稳定性好等双重特性，完全契合电触头增强相材料的性能要求，在银基复合电触头中展示出较强的开发和应用潜力。在已报道的MAX相家族中，Ti₂SnC的导电性最为优异，增强银基复合材料后对其在服役过程中保持低接触电阻和温升十分有利。因此，本工作选择Ti₂SnC作为Ag基增强相材料，研究制备工艺对复合材料结构和性能的影响。首先，本工作基于粉末冶金工艺在不同烧结温度下制备了Ag/10%Ti₂SnC(质量分数)(Ag/...     

锂离子电池硅/碳纳米管/石墨烯自支撑负极材料研究

通过真空驱动自组装法及蒸汽处理得到结构疏松的硅/碳纳米管/石墨烯自支撑负极材料(Si/CNTs/GP)。纳米硅颗粒(50 nm)为活性物质, 均匀分布在石墨烯片层结构中间; 石墨烯作为碳基体, 通过自组装构筑形成二维导电网络; 碳纳米管(CNTs)具有超高导电性和良好的力学强度, 它通过吸附作用均匀分布在石墨烯基体上形成导电的支撑网络结构。经过蒸汽处理后, 石墨烯层间距明显增大, 层与层之间不再是紧密堆叠的结构, 而是形成一种疏松、褶皱、内部空隙丰富的片层结构。Si/CNTs/GP负极材料中丰富的内部空穴和贯穿孔洞, 提供了材料很高的比表面积, 能有效提高电解液对材料的浸润性, 极大缩短了离子传输距离。同时这些内部空穴也有效缓冲硅充放电时的体积膨胀, 提高了材料的结构稳定性和电化学性能。该负极材料在4 A/g的大电流密度下容量维持在600 mAh/g, 表现出良好的大电流循环稳定性能。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.