我国爆破行业安全管理标准体系构建

为全面构建我国爆破行业安全管理标准体系,提高爆破行业标准化建设的科学性、前瞻性和系统性,从而进一步规范爆破作业行为,提升爆破安全管理水平。针对爆破技术发展及行业标准化现状,探讨了标准体系构建对行业技术发展及安全管理的意义。结合爆破行业业务分类,并按照标准体系的构建原则,设计了爆破行业安全管理标准体系结构图,定义了标准体系编号规则,进而构建了爆破行业安全管理标准体系,可为爆破行业标准体系构建提供参考。     

我国安全生产标准化现状研究

安全生产关系人民群众生命财产安全,关系改革开放、经济发展和社会稳定的大局,是贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。本文从政策规划、标准研制、工作体系着手阐述我国安全生产标准化发展概况,并分析我国安全生产标准体系现状和目前标准化存在的主要问题,为我国安全生产标准化发展提供一定的参考价值。     

我国爆破行业安全管理标准体系构建

为全面构建我国爆破行业安全管理标准体系,提高爆破行业标准化建设的科学性、前瞻性和系统性,从而进一步规范爆破作业行为,提升爆破安全管理水平。针对爆破技术发展及行业标准化现状,探讨了标准体系构建对行业技术发展及安全管理的意义。结合爆破行业业务分类,并按照标准体系的构建原则,设计了爆破行业安全管理标准体系结构图,定义了标准体系编号规则,进而构建了爆破行业安全管理标准体系,可为爆破行业标准体系构建提供参考。     

我国安全生产标准化现状研究

安全生产关系人民群众生命财产安全,关系改革开放、经济发展和社会稳定的大局,是贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。本文从政策规划、标准研制、工作体系着手阐述我国安全生产标准化发展概况,并分析我国安全生产标准体系现状和目前标准化存在的主要问题,为我国安全生产标准化发展提供一定的参考价值。     

运用标准,构筑我国经济安全的"堤坝"

本文首先分几个层次讨论了不完备的标准体系造成对我国经济安全的冲击。并指出不完备的和有缺陷的标准体系,即为不设防(至少是有漏洞)的国家安全体系,并在其背后表达了管理体制存在着某种不完善性。所以本文提出为了维护国家利益,必须改革我国标准化体制,以建立和完善我国标准体系,构筑我国经济安全的“堤坝”。最后本文提出了改进标准化管理体制的几个方面:体制改革的方向和标准的取向、制定我国标准发展战略、筹建标准信息网络、建立标准人才高地,等等。     

我国水产饲料标准化体系现状、问题及对策

我国现有水产饲料标准数量少、覆盖面小,尤其是安全限量标准滞后严重。因此,优化和完善水产饲料标准化体系,以规范水产养殖活动,加强对水产品质量安全的监管,已成为刻不容缓的任务。本文归纳总结了我国水产饲料标准化体系的现状和存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,建议在福建设立国家水产饲料质量安全重点实验室,可以作为依托实验室与我国水产饲料标准化分技术委员会相配合,利用海西优势,共同努力,健全我国水产饲料标准化体系。     

道路机动车辆体系研究

在各发达国家(地区)的政府体制中,道路机动车辆大多由专门、独立的部门管理,如美国由运输部国家公路交通安全管理局实施对车辆安全及车辆使用、运输行为进行管理,日本为国土交通省管理,欧洲各国不尽一致,但多数是由工业部门或运输部门实施对车辆产品(及运输行为)管理。作为道路机动车辆的重要组成部分,汽车产品体系、概念、管理模式等是各国家和地区法律法规首先需要明确的,也是汽车标准化工作的基础。在我国,汽车生产、汽车消费、汽车使用及运输、安全管理等属于不同的政府部门,各个政府部门的职能划分和管理方式、程序不同。政府部门从各…     

对我国道路车辆功能安全标准化发展现状与趋势的探讨

本文针对我国道路车辆功能安全标准的制定背景、工作组成立的历程、标准的基本介绍和标准目前的编制情况,提出了我国道路车辆功能安全标准体系的规划,以及有助于标准理解和实施的一点建议。     

南非矿山安全及其标准化体系研究

文章从南非矿山安全及其标准化实际情况入手,概述了南非矿山安全标准的制定和监管机构,分析了南非矿山安全法律法规体系、南非矿山安全标准体系等内容,以及南非矿山安全健康标准对我国矿山安全生产的启示。提出加强我国矿山安全生产标准制修订工作的4点建议。     

我国中小学校园安全标准化工作的思考

当前,我国中小学校园安全形势严峻,加强校园安全标准化工作意义重大。针对我国中小学校园安全标准化工作现状,我们应借鉴国外中小学校园安全标准化工作的经验,突出重点,加强中小学校园安全标准制修订工作,建立和完善校园安全标准体系,更要注重强化校园安全标准的实施、监督和实践,加强应急演练实践。     

一种放射性物品公路运输系统力学安全性研究

目的 根据所装载的内容物特点以及现有成熟的运输固定方式，进行放射性物品运输容器和配套栓系系统的设计，形成具有良好运输匹配性和操作便捷性的核燃料运输系统，为放射性物品安全运输提供参考。方法 采用试验和仿真计算相结合的方法，其中针对放射性物品运输容器开展贯穿、自由下落、穿刺等验证性试验，针对栓系系统设计开展有限元仿真计算，以验证栓系结构强度。结果 试验结果表明运输容器具有良好的力学安全性能，能够保证在经历正常运输条件和运输事故条件后对内容物的包容性。在规定的加速度载荷下，栓系系统的最大应力均小于材料的屈服强度，能够满足公路运输对栓系系统的强度要求。结论 设计的放射性物品运输容器和配套栓系经过安全分析后，组成的公路运输系统能够满足放射性物品公路运输的安全需求。     

Who is in control of road safety? A STAMP control structure analysis of the road transport system in Queensland,Australia

Despite significant progress, road trauma continues to represent a global safety issue. In Queensland (Qld), Australia, there is currently a focus on preventing the ‘fatal five’ behaviours underpinning road trauma (drug and drink driving, distraction, seat belt wearing, speeding, and fatigue), along with an emphasis on a shared responsibility for road safety that spans road users, vehicle manufacturers, designers, policy makers etc. The aim of this article is to clarify who shares the responsibility for road safety in Qld and to determine what control measures are enacted to prevent the fatal five behaviours. This is achieved through the presentation of a control structure model that depicts the actors and organisations within the Qld road transport system along with the control and feedback relationships that exist between them. Validated through a Delphi study, the model shows a diverse set of actors and organisations who share the responsibility for road safety that goes beyond those discussed in road safety policies and strategies. The analysis also shows that, compared to other safety critical domains, there are less formal control structures in road transport and that opportunities exist to add new controls and strengthen existing ones. Relationships that influence rather than control are also prominent. Finally, when compared to other safety critical domains, the strength of road safety controls is brought into question.     

食品智能包装机械标准化体系框架研究

为引导和促进食品智能包装机械行业快速、健康发展,分析对比了国内外食品智能包装机械标准化现状和趋势,结合相关领域标准化体系建设经验,基于工业4.0对包装机械的智能化要求和保障食品安全需要,从智能和安全两个内涵出发,提出我国食品智能包装机械标准体系构建原则和框架,为我国食品智能包装机械标准化体系建设提供借鉴参考。     

Economic deregulation and transport safety: a synthesis of evidence from evaluation studies

This paper presents a synthesis of evidence from studies that have evaluated the impacts of economic deregulation on transport safety. Most of these studies refer to aviation or road transport. Very few studies deal with deregulation of rail transport. There are no studies of maritime transport, which has never been regulated the same way as other modes of transport. The review includes studies that have attempted to quantify the impacts of transport deregulation on transport safety. Each study contains one or more estimates of the effect on transport safety of deregulation. Summary estimates of effect have been derived from the individual estimates of effect by means of meta-analysis. Airline deregulation, which has only been evaluated in the United States, does not appear to influence the safety of air travel. Deregulation of road transport has been evaluated in several countries. The summary estimate of effect indicates that no statistically significant changes in road safety have occurred as a result of deregulation. Deregulation of rail transport has only been evaluated in Great Britain and the United States. The experience so far suggests that deregulation of railways is associated with improved rail safety. This association does, however, not necessarily imply a causal relationship.     

Assessing the ‘system’ in safe systems-based road designs: Using cognitive work analysis to evaluate intersection designs

While a safe systems approach has long been acknowledged as the underlying philosophy of contemporary road safety strategies, systemic applications are sparse. This article argues that systems-based methods from the discipline of Ergonomics have a key role to play in road transport design and evaluation. To demonstrate, the Cognitive Work Analysis framework was used to evaluate two road designs – a traditional Melbourne intersection and a cut-through design for future intersections based on road safety safe systems principles. The results demonstrate that, although the cut-through intersection appears different in layout from the traditional intersection, system constraints are not markedly different. Furthermore, the analyses demonstrated that redistribution of constraints in the cut-through intersection resulted in emergent behaviour, which was not anticipated and could prove problematic. Further, based on the lack of understanding of emergent behaviour, similar design induced problems are apparent across both intersections. Specifically, incompatibilities between infrastructure, vehicles and different road users were not dealt with by the proposed design changes. The importance of applying systems methods in the design and evaluation of road transport systems is discussed.     

The driver,the road,the rules … and the rest? A systems-based approach to young driver road safety

The persistent overrepresentation of young drivers in road crashes is universally recognised. A multitude of factors influencing their behaviour and safety have been identified through methods including crash analyses, simulated and naturalistic driving studies, and self-report measures. Across the globe numerous, diverse, countermeasures have been implemented; the design of the vast majority of these has been informed by a driver-centric approach. An alternative approach gaining popularity in transport safety is the systems approach which considers not only the characteristics of the individual, but also the decisions and actions of other actors within the road transport system, along with the interactions amongst them. This paper argues that for substantial improvements to be made in young driver road safety, what has been learnt from driver-centric research needs to be integrated into a systems approach, thus providing a holistic appraisal of the young driver road safety problem. Only then will more effective opportunities and avenues for intervention be realised.     

道路照明用LED灯具标准对比及趋势分析

LED照明产品的广泛应用和技术的迅猛发展,给LED照明产业标准化研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。本文从技术要求(包括:光通量维持率及寿命、初始光效、显色性)和测试方法(光衰测试方法)的角度对2008～2010年间我国发布的一些代表性国家、行业和地方道路照明用LED灯具标准进行了对比分析,得出如下结论:1)我国各地道路照明用LED灯具标准存在显著差异,急需统一的道路照明用LED灯具标准来有效规范整个行业的发展;2)LED照明技术的不断革新和进步推动着LED照明相关标准的不断更新和改进,已经有并即将有更多符合产业发展要求的标准被逐步推出。可以预见的是,道路照明用LED灯具标准将朝着统一规范化、细致化、全面化的方向发展。鉴于我国道路照明用LED灯具市场的特殊情况,该项标准的制定甚至可能优先于国际标准。     

Road safety development in Europe: A decade of changes (2001–2010)

To evaluate the road safety development of a country over time, the percentage change in the number of road fatalities is traditionally the main indicator. However, simply considering the reduction in the road fatalities may not correctly reflect the real improvement in road safety because the transport circumstances of a country underlying the road fatalities also change every year. In this study, we present a new way for measuring the road safety performance change over time, which is to use the technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index. In doing so, we can not only focus on the evolution of road safety final outcomes within a given period, but also take the changes of different measures of exposure in the same period into account. In the application, the DEA-based Malmquist productivity index (DEA-MI) is used to measure the extent to which the EU countries have improved their road safety performance over the period 2001–2010. More objective and insightful results are obtained compared to the ones based on the traditional indicator. The results show considerable road safety progress in most of the Member States during these ten years, and the fatality risk rather than the fatality number on Europe's roads has actually been reduced by approximately half. However, the situation differed considerably from country to country. The decomposition of the DEA-MI into ‘efficiency change’ and ‘technical change’ further reveals that the bulk of the improvement during the last decade was attained through the adoption of productivity-enhancing new technologies throughout the road transport sector in Europe, rather than through the relatively underperforming countries catching up with those best-performing ones.