基于复合材料结构的光纤光栅传感器在动态称重系统中的应用探讨

介绍了光纤布喇格光栅传感器的肇本原理和优点,并对基于复合材料结构的光纤布喇格光栅称重传感器的应用进行了实验和探讨。     

光栅尺解调的分布式光纤光栅传感系统

提出了一种新的利用光栅尺解调一组光纤光栅布喇格波长移动的系统。当光纤光栅所受的应力或温度发生变化时,光纤光栅的布喇格波长会变化(移动)。本系统利用一组光纤光栅作为敏感元件置于被测场中;利用另一组光纤光栅作为跟踪元件,跟踪从作为敏感元件的光纤光栅反射回来的布喇格波长的移动。当作为跟踪元件的光纤光栅的布喇格波长与作为测量元件的光纤光栅的布喇格波长对准时,探测器探测到最大的光强,此时,记下光栅尺的输出作为系统的测量结果。采用数字化的方法确定反射回来的布喇格波长的峰值点,从而提高系统的测量精度,使系统的测量线性大于0.999。并利用一个测量分辨率为0.01μm的光栅尺读出系统的测量结果,使本系统对光纤光栅布喇格波长移动的测量分辨率小于1μ应变量。     

基于相移布喇格光纤光栅的折射率传感实验研究

利用图解法求解光纤特征方程,获得腐蚀过程和传感过程中光纤光栅的光谱特性,设计了光纤光栅的部分腐蚀方案,采用氢氟酸溶液腐蚀制作相移布喇格光纤光栅。对光纤光栅进行部分腐蚀,将形成相移光纤光栅。根据相移光纤光栅的特性,讨论了利用反射光光强解调的方式,该方式具有结构简单且对温度不敏感的优点。     

基于FBG轴向拉力的液位测量传感器

根据光纤布喇格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)的传感原理,提出了一种基于波纹管结构的FBG液位传感器,利用补偿FBG(FBG1)与液位FBG(FBG2)具有相同的温度灵敏度进行温度补偿,将FBG2固定在波纹管内,液压产生的张力可以使波纹管的自由端产生位移,从而使固定在里面的FBG2产生轴向应变进而影响布喇格中心波长的改变.通过布喇格中心波长的改变来监测液位的变化,在40~340mm的液位变化范围内进行了实验研究.结果表明,光纤布喇格光栅中心反射波长漂移对液位呈现良好的线性关系,线性拟合度大于0.998,灵敏度为15.7pm/cm,理论测量范围可达到3m.说明通过改变波纹管的波纹数目和其他参数,可实现对传感器测量范围和灵敏度的调整,以满足各种应用场合.     

采用光纤布喇格光栅对的窄带光谱测试

利用光纤布喇格光栅的调谐特性，提出一个在光纤光栅调谐范围内对光纤光栅的布喇格波长、波长的漂移以及引起光纤光栅波长漂移的物理量进行检测的方案。采用悬臂梁结构，利用光纤布喇格光栅对的方法增大了光纤光栅的调谐范围。     

变压器绕组热点温度监测技术的研究

设计基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的温度监测系统,实现对变压器绕组热点温度的实时监测.介绍光纤光栅的测温原理,并利用Ansys中的Maxwell和Fluent模块对变压器的电磁场-流体场-温度场进行仿真,得到热点的具体信息,以便在实际测量时,合理放置光纤光栅传感器的位置.使用FBGA解调模块对检测到的光信号进行处理,完成...     

毛细铜管封装的内嵌式镀金光纤布拉格光栅温度和应力传感器

为了实现复杂、恶劣环境下工程机械表面无损的应力监测方式,实现对大型工程机械的实时动态监测,提出了基于磁控溅射技术的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应力传感器封装方法。并对完全嵌套(整个栅区嵌套毛细铜管)和两端嵌套(栅区两端嵌套毛细铜管)两种封装方法开展了研究。从理论分析和有限元仿真的角度比较了传感器的增敏效果,前后结果一致。制备了传感器实物并进行了温度、应力和对比实验。仿真实验结果表明,该模型下FBG传感器能提高约7.5%的灵敏度。温度实验表明第二种封装结构的温度反馈相关系数R2达到了0.99948,在30℃～80℃范围内呈现良好的线性度;应力实验的相关系数R2也达到0.99924,灵敏度为6.14 pm/MPa,在该实验搭建的解调系统下精度达到0.05 MPa,可以快速、精确地解调应力。对比实验表明,光栅解调仪组成的监测系统比应变片组成的监测系统具有更高的精度,最大偏差值减小了59.8%。嵌套毛细铜管的金属化方式结合有机胶固定的封装结构简单、灵敏度和精度高,可以满足大型工程机械表面无损实时健康监测的需求。     

FBG智能传感器及其在土木工程中的应用研究

光纤光栅传感器已经越来越得到土木工程界的认可,并应用到了实际工程.针对大型土木工程结构长期健康监测的变形监测需要,在光纤光栅传输理论的基础上,分析了光纤光栅应变与温度传感特性以及光纤光栅应变传感的温度补偿原理和方法;研制开发出满足工程应用的光纤光栅封装传感器、FRP-OFBG复合智能筋、光纤光栅智能拉索;此外,考虑传感器开发和工程应用的需要,研究了光纤光栅应变传感的界面传递机理和误差修正.最后,建立了光纤光栅智能监测系统,并成功地将光纤光栅传感器应用到实际桥梁结构的施工与运营监测.     

复合材料基片式光纤光栅传感器的制造与性能

基于光纤光栅传感原理,设计、制造了一种玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料基片式光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器。该传感器采用玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板作为基板,干态玻璃纤维布作为覆盖层,采用真空辅助灌注液态环氧树脂的方法将FBG封装于底部基板与上层玻璃纤维布之间。在制备玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料基板的过程中,分别采用一次性完全固化和预固化的制备工艺。通过对比实验结果发现:当玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料基板采用一次性完全固化成型工艺时,传感器温度响应的线性度和重复性较差,相对重复性误差高达10.90%,线性拟合度仅为0.99871;当玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料基板在光纤光栅封装之前采用预固化成型工艺、在封装完成后整体进行二次固化时,传感器温度响应的相对重复性误差仅为1.87%,线性拟合度为0.99998,应变灵敏度系数为0.05514nm/kg,温度灵敏度系数为0.02357nm/℃,是裸光纤光栅传感器温度灵敏度系数的2.4倍。     

光纤布喇格光栅反射波长移位的探测

综述了光纤布喇格光栅反射波长移位的探测方法。提出一种新的压电陶瓷－应变片组合探测光纤布喇格光栅反射波长的方法,它具有波长移位探测精度高、线性度好、结构紧凑等优点。     

基于双模LPFG折射率不敏感双参量传感器

环境折射率和环境温度变化是影响光纤应变测量误差的主要因素。本文利用双模光纤纤芯双模式(LP01和LP11)支持特性设计了一款环境折射率不敏感的双模光纤(DMF)长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)应变传感器。设计了传感器模型结构,制作了最优化参数的传感器样品。实验测试了DMF-LPFG传感结构对外部环境中应变、温度和折射率的响应。通过在单模光纤上用紫外激光刻写的布拉格光栅(FBG)解决了环境温度的交叉影响。轴向应变实验结果表明,该新型结构传感器在0με~840με应变范围内其轴向应变灵敏度可以达到-5.4 pm/με,该灵敏度值相比较于普通LPFG有很大提高。温度在25℃~80℃范围内其灵敏度为58.86 pm/℃,表现出较好的线性度。同时,传感器对环境折射率变化表现出不敏感特性。通过采用双参数矩阵对少模LPFG和FBG的应变和温度灵敏度进行处理,可以实现双参数的同时解调。该新型复合光栅结构具有良好的传感性能和工程应用前景。     

The energy class discrimination of low velocity impacts on composite material structure by Bragg grating sensor technique

The low velocity impacts (LVI) often bring damages which cannot be detected from surface of composite material smart structure. In this paper, Bragg grating sensors were used to discriminate energy classes of LVI on composite material smart structure under constant temperature. The energy discrimination was realized by means of this characteristic that the center wave-lengths of Bragg grating sensors on composite structure under LVI are determined by strain. By analyzing the frequency spectrums of LVI signals captured by optic fiber grating demodulator, a threshold for distinguishing energy classes can be figured out after calculating frequency spectrum peak values of all energy classes. The experimental results indicate that Bragg grating sensors can be used for monitoring impacts and discriminate the energy classes of LVI on composite material structure.     

Simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature by combining a reflective intensity-based optical fiber sensor and a fiber Bragg grating

A novel sensor capable of simultaneously measuring temperature and humidity has been fabricated and demonstrated using optical fiber waveguides. The sensor head is composed of a fiber Bragg grating and a low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometric cavity. The Fabry-Perot cavity was fabricated using the electrostatic self-assembled monolayer process for the molecular-level deposition of materials of different thicknesses that form a humidity-sensitive coating on the end of the fiber, while the in-line Bragg grating fiber element is used to monitor temperature. Experimental results for a humidity range from 11% to 97% RH and for a temperature range from 10/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C are shown.     

Single-pulse fiber Bragg gratings and specific coatings for use at elevated temperatures

The technique of recording fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with single exposure pulses during the fiber drawing process allows production of such gratings in complex array structures, with high mechanical strength of the fiber and in a simple and cost-efficient way. This is of special interest for the growing field of fiber sensor applications with FBGs. A general advantage of fiber sensor systems is their ability to be used also at elevated temperatures compared with conventional electric or electronic sensors. For this purpose, the fiber itself as well as the grating structure and the fiber coating should be stable under such elevated temperature conditions. We have investigated different coating materials and possibilities of making temperature-stable FBGs of types I and II in the range of 100 degrees C-1000 degrees C with good reflection efficiency by single-pulse exposure during the fiber drawing process.     

石英套管封装光纤光栅温度传感器

针对光纤光栅温度传感器管式封装时,高温下环境聚合物粘接材料性能不稳定的问题,提出一种无胶封装方法,选用石英套管作为封装材料,利用高频CO2激光脉冲加热,使传输光纤与石英套管实现可靠焊接,并对封装后的传感器的温度特性进行测试,实验结果表明:石英套管封装的光纤光栅温度传感器在室温至300℃具有很好的线性,可实现对环境温度的测量。     

基于光纤传感技术的易燃易爆气体泄漏监测研究

针对目前易燃易爆气体泄漏监测手段的不足,提出了一种使用光纤光栅传感技术进行实时监测的方法。根据实际工况搭建了管道输气系统,使用空气作为传输介质模拟了易燃易爆气体发生泄漏的过程。通过对监测点管道的振动加速度进行采集,利用降噪和傅里叶、变换的信号处理手段,对振动波形进行分析。结果表明:在管道发生泄漏时,管道振动的振动加速度会发生一定程度的减小,振动主频会略微变大。通过光纤光栅传感技术,对振动特征参数进行分析和计算,可实现管道泄漏点准确定位。     

High Pressure Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating and Carbon Fiber Laminated Composite

A simple anisotropic structure made by carbon fiber laminated composite for fabricating a high pressure sensor is reported. A pressure sensor with good sensitivity over a broad measurement range is fabricated by using fiber Bragg grating and the anisotropic carbon fiber laminated composite structure. The characteristic responses of pressure and temperature of the new pressure sensor are analyzed. Experimental data show that when the pressure changes from 0 to 70 MPa, the wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor is up to 7 nm, corresponding to a sensitivity of 10 kPa/pm.      

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature by use of a single-fiber Bragg grating and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier

We propose and demonstrate a novel sensor by using a single-fiber Bragg grating that can simultaneously measure strain and temperature with the aid of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. By using a linear variation in the amplified spontaneous emission power of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier with temperature, we determine the temperature. By subtracting the temperature effect from the fiber Bragg grating Bragg wavelength shift, we determine the strain. Experiments show rms deviations of 18.2 muepsilon and 0.7 degrees C for strain and temperature, respectively.     

Femtosecond laser-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings for strain monitoring in power cables of offshore wind turbines

A fiber Bragg grating sensor system used for monitoring the effects of strain on the power cable of an offshore wind turbine is presented. The Bragg grating structure was inscribed into coated nonphotosensitive standard telecommunication fibers using an IR femtosecond laser and the point-by-point writing technique. Because of the presence of the protective coating of the fiber, the mechanical stability of the resultant sensor device is better than that of a sensor consisting of a bare fiber. A system containing this sensing element was to our knowledge for the first time successfully installed and tested in an offshore wind turbine prototype (REpower 6M, REpower Systems, AG, Germany) in February 2010, near Ellh?ft (Germany). The fabrication process of the fiber Bragg gratings, measurement results of the online monitoring, and a comparison between the sensor signal and commonly used sensing techniques are presented.