电沉积铜的电阻率和硬度的时间效应

为了研究钢基体上电沉积铜的电阻率和硬度随阴极电流密度及时间的变化规律,通过制备不同电流密度的电沉积铜样品,分别采用直流电桥式电阻仪和显微硬度计测定样品的电阻率和硬度.结果表明,电沉积铜的硬度和电阻率随阴极电流密度增大而提高,然而经时效时理后会下降.阴极电流密度增加,电沉积铜层的晶粒变小,而时效处理能够提高晶粒度和降低缺陷密度.     

喷射电沉积Co-Ni纳米合金沉积层的组织和性能

用高速喷射电沉积法快速制备了块体纳米晶Co-Ni合金,研究了喷镀工艺参数(主盐浓度、电解液喷射速度和电流密度等)对沉积层成分、微观组织结构及性能的影响.结果表明:提高喷射电沉积电解液的搅拌强度能有效减小扩散层的厚度,使电沉积在较高的极限电流密度下进行,提高沉积速度.极限电流密度的增大使阴极过电位增大,从而提高合金的形核速率,使沉积层晶粒的尺寸减小、显微硬度升高.随着电解液中Co2 含量的增加,沉积层中Co含量增加,导致沉积层相结构由单相α-Co(Ni)转变为α-Co(Ni)和ε-Co(Ni)双相组织,并使表面的形貌发生明显的变化.     

工艺参数对Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2纳米复合薄膜材料微观组织及性能的影响

通过Ni,W,P和CeO2,SiO2纳米颗粒的脉冲共沉积,在普通碳钢表面制备了Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2纳米复合薄膜材料,研究了电解液pH值和电解液温度对纳米复合薄膜材料电沉积过程的影响,采用化学组成、沉积速率、显微硬度和微观组织进行表征.结果表明:增加电解液pH值和电解液温度,纳米复合材料晶粒得到细化,沉积速率和显微硬度增加.当电解液pH值为5.5、电解液温度为60℃时,纳米复合薄膜材料晶粒细小,沉积速率最快,为28.87μm/h,显微硬度最高,为Hv673,若继续增加电解液pH值和电解液温度,沉积速率和显微硬度又开始降低.     

工艺条件对Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层成分的影响

采用电沉积的方法,制备了Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层,并研究了工艺条件对镀层成分的影响.结果表明,镀液pH值对镀层成分的影响最大,pH值的上升可以导致镀层铁含量下降,但有利于提高SiO2含量;电流密度对镀层成分的影响也很大,铁含量在电流密度为6.0A/dm2时最高;温度对镀层铁含量的影响比较小,而且没有规律性.     

电泳-电沉积Ni-Al2O3纳米复合层的微观结构及性能

为了改善纳米复合镀层的物理、力学性能,以电泳-电沉积工艺制备了具有较高纳米Al2O3含量的Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层.用SEM、TEM、显微硬度计等对复合镀层的表面微观形貌、显微硬度以及耐磨性能进行了分析;探讨了电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度、电沉积电流密度对复合镀层表面微观形貌、显微硬度及其与基体的结合力的影响.结果表明:α-Al2O3纳米粒子弥散分布于镀层之中,并对基质金属晶粒产生细化作用;电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度对复合镀层表面微观形貌影响较大,电沉积电流密度对微观形貌无明显影响;随着电泳液微粒浓度和电沉积电流密度的增大,复合镀层显微硬度均呈下降趋势,在电泳液微粒浓度8 g/L,电沉积电流密度0.5A/dm2时,复合镀层具有最大显微硬度442 HV,较纯镍镀层有明显提高.镀层中微粒体积分数约为30％时,镀层的耐磨性能及与基体的结合性能最为优异.     

阴极电流密度对Ni-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

随着现代工业的发展,材料的单一功能已难以满足要求,为此,采用复合电沉积技术,沉积含有弥散硬质相SiC的复合镀层.研究了当pH值、阴阳极间距及面积比一定时,阴极电流密度与温度的关系,阴极电流密度对沉积速度、内应力、镀层硬度及SiC含量的影响.试验结果表明,当阴极电流密度在8～10A/dm2时,镀层沉积速度大,SiC含量较高,硬度高,内应力较小.本试验为完善Ni-SiC复合电镀工艺提供了试验数据.     

摩擦喷射电沉积钴的微观形貌和硬度

本试验在不同的工艺参数下,分别用常规喷射电沉积以及摩擦喷射电沉积技术在石墨基底上制备钴沉积层,并对样件进行硬度检测以及微观形貌观察。结果表明,两种试验条件下,沉积层硬度随电流密度的增加均呈先增后减趋势并随着阴极转速的增大而增高,摩擦条件下的沉积层硬度相对更高(最大硬度值为581HV)。此外,硬质粒子机械摩擦工艺下的晶粒的沉积堆叠过程发生了改变,表层由岛状突起变为均匀沉积。     

电沉积钯钴合金的工艺研究

电沉积钯镍合金存在质量控制困难、热稳定性差及易引起皮肤过敏等问题,而钯钴合金能克服这些不足,且比Pd-Ni合金具有更高的耐磨性、耐蚀性及热稳定性.通过极化曲线研究了钯钴合金的电沉积行为,并讨论了镀液中钴钯离子质量比、温度、pH值以及电流密度等工艺参数对电沉积钯钴合金组成的影响,获得了电沉积钯钴合金的最佳工艺条件为:镀液温度35℃,pH值8.5,电流密度10 A/dm2.结果表明:钴的极化大,极化度也大;电沉积时,钯催化钴沉积,钯钴合金共沉积时呈现与钯相似的阴极行为.合金组成是各工艺参数的函数,钯钴合金镀层中钴的含量随镀液中Co2 /Pd2 质量比的增大而线性增加,随电流密度的增大而显著增大.镀液温度、pH值均对镀层成分有一定的影响.     

氨基磺酸盐镀镍过程中内应力产生及变化的因素与机理

电沉积镍用途广泛,但常因应力问题而影响其应用.为此,采用薄片阴极弯曲法研究了氨基磺酸盐体系电镀镍层内应力的影响因素并对镀层内应力的形成机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,升高电解液温度或降低阴极电流密度可以降低电镀镍层的拉应力;当电解液pH值为4.3时,电镀镍层具有最大的压应力,高于或低于此值时镀层的压应力减小,直至出现拉应力;电解液中Cl-浓度的增加会增加电镀镍层的拉应力.X射线衍射分析表明,电镀镍层的应力特性与其微观结构密切相关,镀层处于压应力时具有(200)择优取向;镀层处于拉应力时具有(220)和(111)择优取向.     

铝合金Ni-Co-P合金电镀工艺优化

在铝及其合金表面沉积Ni或Ni基合金,可以提高基体表面的硬度和耐磨性.通过正交试验,研究了铝硅合金基体上电镀Ni-Co-P镀层的工艺,得到了电流密度、镀液温度、pH值、电镀时间、镀液成分对镀层厚度、硬度、成分和沉积速率的影响规律,同时,还考察了镀层的耐磨性.结果表明:延长电镀时间、提高镀液温度和pH值时,镀层厚度和镀层硬度均增大;提高电流密度时,镀层厚度增大,但镀层硬度减小.提高电流密度、升高温度和提高pH值时,沉积速率增大.     

Preparation of high performance soft magnetic alloy Fe-4Si-0.8P by metal injection molding

Fe-4Si-0.8P soft magnetic alloy was prepared by metal injection molding (MIM). Ferrophosphorus liquid phase sintering promoted densification and enhanced magnetic properties. The sample with nearly full density, the saturation induction of 1.59 T, maximum permeability of 2467, coercive force of 130 A/m and resistivity of 81.2 μΩ·cm was obtained at 1300 °C for 4 h. Competitive properties contributed toward achieving low magnetic losses. Therefore, MIM Fe-4Si-0.8P can be widely used in the field of magnetic materials.     

Correlation between thermal stability of soft magnetic properties and structural relaxation in Co58Fe5Ni10Si11B16 metallic glass

Effects of isochronal and isothermal annealings on permeability, coercive field, field-induced anisotropy and electrical resistivity in Co₅₈Fe₅Ni₁₀Si₁₁B₁₆ metallic glass pre-annealed at 743 K for 60 min were examined to clarify the correlation between thermal stability of soft magnetic properties and structural relaxation. It was found that both soft magnetic properties and electrical resistivity changed reversibly, depending on annealing temperature, and the values of activation energy for the changes in these properties were very close, lying in the range 1.8 and 2.0 eV. However, although the deterioration of soft magnetic properties was observed in the specimens annealed below the Curie temperature (T _c), the resistivity changes occurred significantly even in the specimens above (T _c), The results strongly suggest that the changes in soft magnetic properties are attributed to an anisotropic chemical short-range ordering (CSRO) among the cobalt, iron and nickel atoms, and the resistivity changes (structural relaxation) are mainly due to an isotropic CSRO.     

Fe/Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9纳米晶磁粉芯研究

采用Fe粉复合FeCuNbSiB纳米晶粉体制备了磁粉芯,并讨论了退火温度、Fe粉复合量、纳米晶粉体粒度以及绝缘剂等对磁粉芯磁性能的影响.结果表明,在200～350℃和350～400℃内退火,随着温度的升高,μ_e均呈先增大后减小,375℃时达到最佳;当复合Fe粉后,发现其软磁性能得到了明显改善, Fe粉量为40%时,μ_e达到最大,且在100kHz～1MHz内,频率稳定性良好,其中心频率在500kHz附近,并随Fe粉量的增加而向低频发生偏移.纳米晶粉体的粒度越大,磁粉芯的磁性能越好;粉体粒度为100～200目时,其μ_e达到最大.当375℃退火,由有机绝缘剂、40%(质量分数)Fe粉、100～200目纳米晶粉制备的磁粉芯,其μ_e达52.72、损耗Pu为0.01317J/m~3、Bs为3.92×10~(-3)T、Br=6.48×10~(-5)T、H_c为1.28A/m.     

On magnetic properties of Fe-Si-Mn alloy sheet

Fe-Si-Mn alloys composed of 3.5-7,5%, 0-3.5%Mn and 90-96.5%Fe were melted in argon and hot-rolled. Measurements of their magnetic properties and electrical resistivity indicate that the addition of manganese to higher silicon-iron alloys improves in permeability and coercive force of the alloys. Maximum permeability as high as 83000 is obtained when the alloy of 6.70%Si, 0.55%Mn and 92.75%Fe is quenched into oil from 400° after annealing at 1200° for 5 hr. The alloy exhibits the coercive force of 0.06 Oe for the maximum induction of 10 kG. The electrical resistivity of the alloy is 86 μΩ-cm, with the Vickers hardness of 355.     

烧结对共沉淀预烧料制备MnZn高导铁氧体磁性能的影响

以共沉淀法预烧粉为原料,研究了烧结温度及烧结气氛对MnZn高导铁氧体磁性能的影响,采用SEM对其微观结构进行了表征。结果表明,随着烧结温度升高,MnZn高导铁氧体的μi增加;合适的烧结条件能促进晶粒生长,减少气孔产生,增大烧结密度,使晶界变细,提高初始磁导率和改善频率特性。当温度为1380℃,保温气氛为3.0%时,MnZn高导铁氧体的μi为13000,且有较好的频率特性,在150kHz时μi能维持在10000以上。     

Effect of annealing process of iron powder on magnetic properties and losses of motor cores

Iron powder magnetic cores are used as soft magnetic rotors, in micro special motors such as BS brake motors, refrigerator compressor motors and brushless servo motors. Heat treatment of iron powder played an important role in the magnetic properties and loss of the motor cores. After the annealing process, the cracks and the pores on the surface of the powder decreased which in turn decreased the micro-hardness. The Vickers-hardness of the powder decreased from 50–42, while the resistance of the cores increased by 87% after annealing at 400°C for 30 min. The amplitude permeability and magnetic loss of the cores reached the maximum and minimum values, respectively. The magnetic loss of the cores was separated into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss by Stoppels Method which were decreased by the annealing process.     

Review of magnetic properties of Fe-Ni alloys

During the past two decades, improved understanding of the fundamental magnetic behavior of Fe-Ni alloys has made them one of the most versatile class of soft magnetic materials. No longer is the concern limited to high permeability and low coercfve force at room temperature. Alloys have now been custom-crafted to meet high permeability requirements at cryogenic temperatures, exhibit a skewed hysteresis loop for pulse transformer use, or a square hysteresis loop combined with stress insensitivity and controlled coercive force for memory applications. These examples are discussed in terms of the relationship of magnetic properties to structure and composition in Fe-Ni alloys.     

Facing targets type of sputtering method for deposition of magnetic metal films at low temperature and high rate

A new type of cathode sputtering apparatus with two targets facing each other has been developed to prepare magnetic films at a high deposition rate without the extreme rise of the substrate temperature. When two disks of iron and nickel were used as targets, the maximum deposition rates obtained were approximately 4000 and 5000 Å/min, respectively. The substrate temperature was not elevated above 200°C during sputtering. The high rate deposition of Mo permalloy films also was attempted by co-sputtering of two facing targets composed of disks of iron and nickel and chips of molybdenum. The Vicker's hardness of the obtained Mo permalloy films was about 900 and the typical values of permeability at 1 MHz magnetic field and coercive force at dc magnetic field of them were about 2500 and 0.16 Oe, respectively.     

NiZnFe_2O_4包覆铁基软磁复合材料的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的NiZnFe_2O_4作为绝缘剂包覆铁粉来制备铁基软磁复合材料,并研究了NiZnFe_2O_4含量和成型压力对复合材料磁性能的影响。采用SEM,EDX线扫描及元素面分布分析显示在铁粉颗粒表面存在一层均匀的NiZnFe_2O_4包覆层,绝缘包覆层的存在可以有效地提高软磁复合材料的电阻率。实验结果表明,随着NiZnFe_2O_4包覆剂含量的增加,软磁复合材料的复数磁导率实部值逐渐降低,与其他含量的样品相比,NiZnFe_2O_4含量为3%(质量分数,下同)的样品具有最低的复数磁导率虚部值和相对较高的复数磁导率实部值。NiZnFe_2O_4包覆剂的加入,可以大幅降低材料内部的磁损耗,在100kHz时其磁损耗仅为未包覆样品的16.2%。当NiZnFe_2O_4的含量为3%,成型压力为1000MPa时,软磁复合材料的密度达到7.14g/cm~3,饱和磁感应强度为1.47T。     

磷化工艺对铁基软磁复合材料电磁性能的影响

研究了磷化工艺对铁基软磁复合材料电磁性能的影响。XRD、SEM、EDS分析和元素面分布结果表明,合适的磷化工艺能在铁粉表面生成1层很薄的非晶或纳米晶结构磷酸盐,并且包覆完整均匀。磁性能测量结果表明,室温条件下用0.01g/mL磷酸对铁粉进行磷化30min,所得到的磷化铁粉磁芯具有优异的综合电磁性能。随着磷酸浓度的增大,磷化时间的增长和磷化温度的提高,软磁复合材料磁芯的电阻率增大,中高频磁损耗不断降低,同时磁导率也有一定程度的降低。