Exhaustive fluid vacation model with positive fluid rate during service

Using an elegant transform domain iterative operator approach exhaustive fluid vacation models with strictly negative fluid rate during service have been analyzed, recently. Unfortunately, the potential presence of positive fluid rate during service (when the fluid input rate is larger than the fluid service rate) inhibits the use of all previously applied methodologies and makes the extension of the analysis approaches of discrete vacation and polling models towards fluid vacation and polling models rather difficult.Based on the level crossing analysis of Markov fluid models the paper introduces an analysis approach which is applicable for the stationary analysis of the fluid level distribution and its moments. In the course of the analysis compact new matrix exponential expressions are obtained for the distribution of fluid level during a busy period starting from a given positive fluid level and by exploiting the relations of upward and downward measures of fluid processes several matrix transformations are applied to avoid Kronecker expansion matrix multiplications.Finally, the obtained fluid level distribution is related with previous results of fluid vacation models.     

Fabrication of a micro reactor for vertical unit operation using multifunctional fluid filter and its application to biochemical reaction

We proposed and fabricated a vertical micro reactor stack with vertical fluid flow operation for environment analysis, post-genome analysis, gene diagnosis, and screenings of useful materials for pharmaceutical. This reactor is characterized as the simple structure and new aspects of the vertical fluid transportation evoked by the use of the fluid filter with micro through-bores. The lithographite, galvanoformung and abformung (LIGA) process using synchrotron radiation was applied for the fabrication of the fluid filters. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results suggested that the fluid can be held by the fluid filter and easily transported by the pneumatic operation. It was also confirmed that the fluid flow velocity through the filter was controlled by varying the loaded pressure around several kPa. Furthermore, it was expected that the fluid was stirred and mixed when passing through the fluid filter. It was demonstrated that the proposed chemical reactor result in a good performance of the vertical fluid flow operation and biochemical reaction.     

基于3D-LBM的多相流快速模拟

对于流体和其他物体的交互, 提出了一种基于Lattice Boltzmann的建模和绘制方法。针对固、液交互提出了外力叠加机制, 考虑了障碍物对流体的单向作用; 在液、液交互时考虑了两种液体的相互作用力。采用GPU硬件加速技术对LBM算法进行了加速, 并采用基于屏幕空间的绘制技术对流体表面进行了绘制。实现了两种不相溶液体交互, 以及液体与固体交互场景的模拟。     

Fluid filter fabricated by deep X-ray lithography for micro fluidics

A new method and fluid filter with micro through capillary array for high-throughput micro fluidics were proposed and fabricated. The method, utilizing liquid surface tension and directing fluid flow in vertical direction, was achieved by using the fluid filter we originally proposed. The computational fluid dynamics analysis was conducted to examine the feasibility of vertical fluid flow operation using the fluid filter. And the results indicated that the vertical fluid flow operation is useful and the good properties of the fluid filter. Fabrication of fluid filter was successfully conducted by using deep X-ray lithography. And vertical fluid flow operation and its high throughput properties were successfully demonstrated.     

Simulation of magmatic and metamorphic fluid production coupled with deformation,fluid flow and heat transport

A methodology for simulating magmatic and metamorphic fluid production coupled with mechanical deformation, fluid flow and heat transport is presented. The methodology is implemented in FLAC3D, a lagrangian finite difference code designed for simulation of coupled deformation, fluid flow and heat transport in porous media. The rate of metamorphic fluid production is governed by the rate of temperature change and an approximation of the variation in bound water content of appropriate lithologies with temperature. Magmatic fluid production is governed by the rate of cooling and the variation in free water content of a mafic granitic magma with temperature. Changes in porosity and fluid pressure due to fluid production, deformation, and thermal expansion are taken into account. Dilation associated with thermal expansion and fluid production leads to rotation of the principal stresses around fluid source regions. Fluid properties are calculated using an equation of state for pure water. The methodology has been applied to examples representing aspects of Archaean gold mineralisation in Western Australia, providing insight into the role of magmatic and metamorphic fluids in mineralisation, and effects arising from interactions between deformation, heat transport and fluid production.     

A Rigging‐Skinning Scheme to Control Fluid Simulation

Inspired by skeletal animation, a novel rigging‐skinning flow control scheme is proposed to animate fluids intuitively and efficiently. The new animation pipeline creates fluid animation via two steps: fluid rigging and fluid skinning. The fluid rig is defined by a point cloud with rigid‐body movement and incompressible deformation, whose time series can be intuitively specified by a rigid body motion and a constrained free‐form deformation, respectively. The fluid skin generates plausible fluid flows by virtually fluidizing the point‐cloud fluid rig with adjustable zero‐ and first‐order flow features and at fixed computational cost. Fluid rigging allows the animator to conveniently specify the desired low‐frequency flow motion through intuitive manipulations of a point cloud, while fluid skinning truthfully and efficiently converts the motion specified on the fluid rig into plausible flows of the animation fluid, with adjustable fine‐scale effects. Besides being intuitive, the rigging‐skinning scheme for fluid animation is robust and highly efficient, avoiding completely iterative trials or time‐consuming nonlinear optimization. It is also versatile, supporting both particle‐ and grid‐ based fluid solvers. A series of examples including liquid, gas and mixed scenes are presented to demonstrate the performance of the new animation pipeline.     

Skeleton-based control of fluid animation

We present a skeleton-based control method for fluid animation. Our method is designed to provide an easy and intuitive control approach while producing visually plausible fluid behavior. In our method, users are allowed to control animated fluid with skeleton keyframes. Expected results are then obtained by driving fluid towards a sequence of targets specified in these keyframes. In order to solve for an optimal driving solution, we propose a keyframe matching model based on the transportation principle. Moreover, to ensure that the fluid actors move as rigid bodies while preserving liquid properties during animation, we introduce an approach of driving solid-like liquid motion. Finally, we embed the skeleton-based control method into the standard fluid animation, and apply it to control fluid actors?? motion as well as liquid shape deformation. Experimental results show that our method can generate natural-looking interesting fluid behavior with little additional cost.     

Second-order stochastic fluid models with fluid-dependent flow rates

In this paper, the analysis of second-order stochastic fluid models, where the fluid rate is dependent on the fluid level, is addressed. The boundary conditions are presented for the fluid models under consideration, which have extended previous work with only reflecting barrier assumptions. To obtain the transient solution of the fluid dynamics, a finite difference solution method is presented, which confirms to the boundary conditions and satisfies the normalization condition at the same time. With our approach, the modeling power of second-order fluid models is directly extended to include the case with fluid-dependent rates. As an application example, a statistical multiplexing problem is analyzed with our proposed method.     

驱动系统参数对胶液喷射分配的影响

驱动系统是胶液喷射器的重要组成部分,对喷射器喷出的胶液体积及其速度有重要的影响.文中建立了胶液累积体积及其动能等效速度的离散化计算公式,结合计算机数值仿真得到的喷嘴出口中心速度,利用matlab程序计算不同驱动系统参数影响的胶液累积体积及其动能等效速度,为喷射器驱动系统设计及使用调整提供了一定的基础.计算结果较好地反映出胶液累积体积及其动能等效速度变化特征,喷针行程对喷射布胶的影响没有其加速度明显.     

Creating Fluid Animation from a Single Image using Video Database

We present a method for synthesizing fluid animation from a single image, using a fluid video database. The user inputs a target painting or photograph of a fluid scene along with its alpha matte that extracts the fluid region of interest in the scene. Our approach allows the user to generate a fluid animation from the input image and to enter a few additional commands about fluid orientation or speed. Employing the database of fluid examples, the core algorithm in our method then automatically assigns fluid videos for each part of the target image. Our method can therefore deal with various paintings and photographs of a river, waterfall, fire, and smoke. The resulting animations demonstrate that our method is more powerful and efficient than our prior work.     

流场中沿轴向运动圆柱的附加质量计算

分别计算理想流体和黏性流体中沿轴向运动圆柱的附加质量.基于相对运动原理得出在无限流体域中不同长细比圆柱的附加质量,验证附加质量与流体黏性无关的这一结论,并发现长细比越大,附加质量因数越小.利用动网格技术的数值模拟结果表明:圆管中沿轴向运动圆柱的附加质量随管径比减小而增大,且流体的流动形态会对物体的附加质量产生一定的影响.以长细比和管径比为参数给出无限和有限流体域中圆柱附加质量与相应参变量的拟合函数.     

Preserving global features of fluid animation from a single image using video examples

We synthesize animations from a single image by transferring fluid motion of a video example globally.Given a target image of a fluid scene,an alpha matte is required to extract the fluid region.Our method needs to adjust a user-specified video example for producing the fluid motion suitable for the extracted fluid region.Employing the fluid video database,the flow field of the target image is obtained by warping the optical flow of a video frame that has a visually similar scene to the target image according to their scene correspondences,which assigns fluid orientation and speed automatically.Results show that our method is successful in preserving large fluid features in the synthesized animations.In comparison to existing approaches,it is both possible and useful to utilize our method to create flow animations with higher quality.     

Electrokinetic power generation of non-Newtonian fluids in a finite length microchannel

In order to examine the effects of the fluid type as the electrolyte solvent on the efficiency of electrokinetic energy conversion, a comparative numerical study among three different fluid types of a transient electrokinetic flow through a single circular finite length microchannel has been conducted. The system was initially at an equilibrium non-flow state, and a step change in flow was applied and the calculation proceeding until steady state was achieved. The analysis was based on non-dimensional transport governing equations that were scaled using Debye length as the characteristic length scale and diffusion time as characteristic time scale. The fluid types considered were shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear thickening, and a power law modeled them with the scaled flow behavior index having values of 0.2, 1.0, and 1.8. In order to isolate the electrokinetic effects of the different relationships between the shear strain rate and shear stress, the flow consistency index was adjusted so that in all the cases the flow rate and total pressure drop matched that of water at 25 °C. All other fluid and interfacial properties were the same for all cases. The key observational difference between the various fluid types was that their different axial velocity profile acted on essential the same free charge density profiles. Consequently, the convection current density (i.e., the radial distribution of charge being advected along the channel) was strongly affected by the fluid type. Integration of this quantity to calculate the convection current showed that for the particular fluid properties chosen the shear thinning fluid was 20 % higher than the Newtonian fluid, while the shear thickening fluid was only 4 % lower than the Newtonian fluid. Combined with the effects, these different currents have on the streaming potential, the shear thinning fluid was 50 % more effective in converting flow work to electrical work than the Newtonian fluid, while the shear thickening fluid was only 16 % lower than the Newtonian fluid.     

Numerical simulation of fluid–structure interaction by SPH

A Lagrangian model for the numerical simulation of fluid–structure interaction problems is proposed in the present paper. In the method both fluid and solid phases are described by smoothing particle hydrodynamics: fluid dynamics is studied in the inviscid approximation, while solid dynamics is simulated through an incremental hypoelastic relation. The interface condition between fluid and solid is enforced by a suitable term, obtained by an approximate SPH evaluation of a surface integral of fluid pressure.The method is validated by comparing numerical results with laboratory experiments where an elastic plate is deformed under the effect of a rapidly varying fluid flow.     

Euler–Lagrange coupling with damping effects: Application to slamming problems

During a high velocity impact of a structure on a nearly incompressible fluid, impulse loads with high-pressure peaks occur. This physical phenomenon called ‘slamming’ is a concern in shipbuilding industry because of the possibility of hull damage. Shipbuilding companies have carried out several studies on slamming modeling using FEM software with added mass techniques to represent fluid effects. In the added mass method inertia effects of the fluid are not taken into account and are only valid when the deadrise angle is small. This paper presents the prediction of the local high pressure load on a rigid wedge impacting a free surface, where the fluid is represented by solving Navier–Stokes equations with an Eulerian or ALE formulation. The fluid–structure interaction is simulated using a coupling algorithm; the fluid is treated on a fixed or moving mesh using an ALE formulation and the structure on a deformable mesh using a Lagrangian formulation.A new coupling algorithm is developed in the paper. The coupling algorithm computes the coupling forces at the fluid–structure interface. These forces are added to the fluid and structure nodal forces, where fluid and structure are solved using an explicit finite element formulation. Predicting the local pressure peak on the structure requires an accurate fluid–structure interaction algorithm. The Euler–Lagrange coupling algorithm presented in this paper uses a penalty based formulation similar to penalty contact in Lagrangian analyses. Both penalty coupling and penalty contact can generate high frequency oscillations due to the nearly incompressible nature of the fluid. In this paper, a damping force based on the relative velocity of the fluid and the structure is introduced to smooth out non-physical high frequency oscillations induced by the penalty springs in the coupling algorithm.     

Fluid rheological effects on particle migration in a straight rectangular microchannel

There has recently been a significantly increasing interest in the passive manipulation of particles in the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through microchannels. However, an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the various fluid rheological effects on particle migration is still largely missing. We present in this work a systematic experimental study of both the individual and the combined effects of fluid inertia, elasticity, and shear thinning on the motion of rigid spherical particles in a straight rectangular microchannel. We first study the sole effect of each of these rheological properties in a Newtonian fluid, purely elastic (i.e., Boger) fluid, and purely shear-thinning (i.e., pseudoplastic) fluid, respectively. We then study the combined effects of two or all of these rheological properties in a pseudoplastic fluid and two types of elastic shear-thinning fluids, respectively. We find that the fluid elasticity effect directs particles toward the centerline of the channel while the fluid shear-thinning effect causes particle migration toward both the centerline and corners. These two effects are combined with the fluid inertial effect to understand the particle migration in inertial pseudoplastic and viscoelastic fluid flows.     

交互式角色运动特效的光滑粒子流体动力学仿真

长期以来,由于流体仿真和物体变形计算都具有相当程度的复杂性,使得流体与刚体的交互模拟,特别是和带有复杂动画的角色交互的效果,难以达到实时计算和渲染。在此,笔者提出了一个新的方法,用于生成沿着角色运动而产生交互的流体特效。为了实现这类效果的生成,控制流体特效与运动角色的交互,首先针对角色运动轨迹进行跟踪,根据轨迹的几何性质而生成初始状态的流体特效;然后借助光滑流体动力学(SPH)对流体粒子进行仿真。其中针对基于SPH技术的复杂性,流体仿真的过程借助GPU并行计算的能力,采用了一种新的高效粒子搜索算法,最终实现普通用户级个人计算机上实时渲染具有流体运动特征的角色运动特效。     

Physics-Informed Neural Corrector for Deformation-based Fluid Control

Controlling fluid simulations is notoriously difficult due to its high computational cost and the fact that user control inputs can cause unphysical motion. We present an interactive method for deformation-based fluid control. Our method aims at balancing the direct deformations of fluid fields and the preservation of physical characteristics. We train convolutional neural networks with physics-inspired loss functions together with a differentiable fluid simulator, and provide an efficient workflow for flow manipulations at test time. We demonstrate diverse test cases to analyze our carefully designed objectives and show that they lead to physical and eventually visually appealing modifications on edited fluid data.     

Basis enrichment and solid–fluid coupling for model‐reduced fluid simulation

We present several enhancements to model‐reduced fluid simulation that allow improved simulation bases and two‐way solid–fluid coupling. Specifically, we present a basis enrichment scheme that allows us to combine data‐driven or artistically derived bases with more general analytic bases derived from Laplacian eigenfunctions. We handle two‐way solid–fluid coupling in a time‐splitting fashion—we alternately timestep the fluid and rigid body simulators, while taking into account the effects of the fluid on the rigid bodies and vice versa. We employ the vortex panel method to handle solid–fluid coupling and use dynamic pressure to compute the effect of the fluid on rigid bodies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

流体动画方法综述

介绍了二维流体和三维流体动画方法。流体动画制作分为两步：流体表面建模和流体绘制。二维流体建模主要采用参数建模方法,基于傅立叶变换原理,合成波动的二维流体表面。三维流体建模一般基于Navier-Stokes流体方程,利用流体内部的速度建立流体表面的方程。流体绘制主要采用光线跟踪方法。流体动画的挑战和发展方向在于：流体动画控制、实时绘制、细节表现。