基于任务路由条件的柔性开发过程控制模型

总结了现代产品开发过程的特点和存在的问题，分析了开发过程中的任务及任务之间的关系，提出了产品开发中的过程控制规则，讨论了路由规则和任务约束，给出了工作流模型完整性的检测算法。通过开发任务的逐级灵活分解，降低了开发过程管理的复杂性，给出了基于任务分解的任务流控制模型和算法。介绍了一个柔性开发过程控制模型实例。     

基于角色和任务的访问控制模型的设计与研究

介绍了基于角色的访问控制模型和基于任务的访问控制模型的原理。分析了以上两种模型存在的问题，为了使访问控制更灵活，提出了一种基于角色和任务的访问控制模型，并给出了模型的形式化定义、授权约束和在校园网格中的应用。     

一种基于代理思想的软件分析模型

Agent概念来自人工智能领域，讨论了Agent思想在软件工程中的应用，提出了一种基于Agent思想的软件分析一般模型，并在该模型的基础上提出了一套分析方法，该模型与方法发展了面向对象技术，且更适于分析包含复杂任务的系统。     

基于统一调度的RTOS软/硬件任务资源竞争机制研究与设计

面向可编程的系统芯片（SOPC）中的实时操作系统(RTOS)，在软/硬件任务统一管理的基础上，建立了一种软/硬件任务统一调度模型。然后分析了软/硬件任务间发生共享资源竞争的问题，深入研究了其内部运行机制，提出了一种基于记录型信号量和统一调度模型的软/硬件任务资源竞争解决方法(SHTRCR)。仿真实验表明，在相同条件下，采用本方法软/硬件任务截止时间的保证率高于无统一调度支持的软/硬件任务资源竞争方式。     

一种网格工作流的认证服务模型

在网格环境中，任务执行时需要有特定权限才能完成。用户需要拥有足够的权限才能完成任务，如果赋予权限不足，任务就无法被完成；权限过大，又容易产生安全威胁。有限委任就是针对特定任务，特定用户指定一个适当的权限，这样才能确保网格中的安全认证体系。在分析了现有认证服务体系的缺陷和不足后，提出了一种认证服务模型，该模型在一个任务的执行过程中，在不同阶段为不同的经办人分配具体权限，从而确保任务能被安全地完成。     

增强权限约束支持的基于任务访问控制模型

针对基于任务访问控制模型的权限管理与实现机制的不足，在任务规则的基础上，提出一种增强权限约束支持的基于任务访问控制模型．该模型通过任务型权限集合的定义，把任务与权限融合在一起研究权限产生的约束机制，同时给出模型形式化定义以及权限关联的各种约束规则，并介绍了该模型在AVIDM中的应用．实践表明，该模型提供了更灵活的授权机制，增强了任务模型的实用性，方便了权限管理工作，适合事务管理系统与工作流环境下的访问控制建模．     

支持虚拟企业项目过程管理的技术研究

针对虚拟企业过程管理的特点，提出了表征过程的项目-任务-活动模型并细化了各层的功能描述，讨论了基于关系结构的任务多视图数据模型，分析了过程运行中的任务触发及状态监测和具体的功能模块设计，为相应的软件开发提供依据．     

天基信息系统任务流度量方法及其应用

天基信息系统任务需求具有复杂、多变的特点,在建立天基信息系统任务流模型的基础上,研究了天基信息系统任务流的度量方法,分别基于因素分析与排队论提出了两种不同的度量函数,为应用任务流模型量化分析实际问题奠定了基础。研究了任务流模型在应急作战准备中的应用,针对作战时机选择、快速发射小卫星两个问题,提出了基于任务流模型的分析方法,给出了相应的问题求解模型,通过实验验证了方法的有效性。     

基于模型的复杂系统任务保证研究综述

任务保证是国外航天领域为确保复杂系统在任务周期内的安全、可靠而提出的一种工作方式。随着基于模型的系统工程技术近年来的迅猛发展，将其与任务保证相结合而形成的基于模型的任务保证概念开始得到广泛的应用和认可。这为复杂系统在安全性、可靠性工作方法上的进一步发展提供了有利条件。介绍了基于模型的任务保证概念，并对其所涉及的安全/保证案例、基于模型的系统工程、目标结构表示等关键要素，以及其目前在复杂系统设计中的典型应用进行了阐述。对基于模型的任务保证在未来的发展方向进行了展望。为基于模型的任务保证在复杂系统中的应用提供了理论参考。     

动态不确定环境下的决策：一种分层决策模型

本文提出一种智能体分层决策结构模型，试图通过分层决策技术有效地解决动态、不确定环境中的智能体的实时决策问题。本模型的高层采用BDI结构，以便为较长期任务的规划和推理提供充分的支持；模型的底层采用反应式结构，以保证对短期实时任务的及时响应。实验结果表明了这种分层模型在某些复杂任务领域中的有效性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate