Information retrieval and hypertext: competing technologies or complementary access methods

Abstract. Information retrieval typically involves accessing textual information from a database in response to a user's vague information need. Hypertext or hypermedia, on the other hand, involves a user browsing through a database of textual or multimedia information in response to a variety of types of information need. Thus information retrieval can be said to have a searching metaphor while hypertext has a browsing analogy. Initially, these two technologies for information access appear to be very different, almost competitive in nature. In this paper information retrieval systems are briefly reviewed and hypertext systems are also examined. These two techniques for accessing information have been integrated into a prototype system which is described. The system dynamically generates guided tours in response to a user's query and the tour guides the user through the hypertext. Some experiments reporting on the effectiveness of this as an information access strategy are given.     

Integrating the Amsterdam hypermedia model with the standard reference model for intelligent multimedia presentation systems

The standard reference model (SRM) for intelligent multimedia presentation systems describes a framework for the automatic generation of multimedia presentations. This framework, however, lacks an explicit document model of the presentation being generated. The Amsterdam hypermedia model (AHM) describes the document features of a hypermedia presentation explicitly. We take the AHM and use it as a basis for describing in detail the stages of generating a hypermedia presentation within the SRM framework, which we summarise in a table. By doing so, the responsibilities of the individual SRM layers become more apparent.     

数据库技术在模糊聚类预测中的应用研究

将数据库技术应用于模糊聚类预测中，用ＦＯＸＰＲＯ开发了模糊聚类预测软件，通过对上海水泥厂提供的实测数据的实旆计算，取得了令人满意的结果，文中提供的方法具有普遍的意义和广阔的应用前景，作为数据库技术原应用开辟了新领域。     

超级媒体动态链接的开放模型

本简单介绍了超级本及超级媒体的概况,分析了现有超级本系统存在的问题,作设计了超级媒体动态链接的开放模型－ＤＬＯＨＭ,解决了上述问题,同时ＤＬＯＨＭ利用“页”作结点,采用结点和链分离的方法建立了系统的数据模型,利用“页”结构,使得各种媒体信息共存于一页之中,做到了声、、图一体化。     

Constructing Geographic Digital Libraries using a Hypermedia Framework

This paper presents an object oriented hypermedia database framework for designing and building digital libraries, which are treated as enhanced hypermedia applications. It is based on combining and extending results from two domains: the navigation characteristics of hypertext systems, and the view mechanism and the persistent storage management facility of an object oriented database management system. As a result, users can alternate between two integrated types of interaction modes. The hypertext dimension of the framework allows navigation via static and dynamic hyperlinks; the object oriented database support enables querying by content and metadata management. The framework includes still a digital library design methodology that guides the implementation of digital libraries over the OODBMS. This proposal integrates hypermedia and DL concepts to a database environment, being instantiated on the realm of geographic data.     

基于ToolBook的小儿疾病诊断智能超媒体系统

为了探索多媒体技术与专家系统的结合，把多媒体信息引入专家系统，本文用多媒体著作工具ToolBook外接数据库开了小儿疾病智能超媒体系统，并研究了关系数据库与知识库的对应关系以及Rough set理论在本系统的应用，阐述了实现该系统的关键技术。     

超媒体与决策支持系统集成化的研究

多媒体技术应用于ＤＳＳ（决策支持系统）中具有重大的理论和实用意义，针对目前国内外尚无有效方法将超媒体与ＤＳＳ进行有机集成之现状，提出了超媒体与ＤＳＳ集成化的方法，给出了超媒体机（ｈｙｐｅｒｍｅｄｅｎｇｉｎｅ）功能结构设计方案，并就其关键技术的实现进行了研究，实验证明可行。     

基于结构特性的超媒体模型

将超媒体的结构特性与形式语言学理论相结合,提供了一种有效地分析超媒体动态结构的特性的方法,该方法将超毁体组件集合映射为语言中的抽象符号集合,组件集合之上的链映射为语言中建立单词的方法,超媒体的结构化机械制映射为语言中的抽象符号集号,组件集合之上的链映射为语言中建立单词的方法,超媒体的结构化机制映射为语言中描述单词集合构造机制的语法,超媒体模拟为转换机,“链引导”动作模拟为“匹配对”序列,“链引导”的计算结果产生与上下文无关文法相对应的虚拟文档,从而为进一步研究超媒体的浏鉴语义及其它动态特性提供了理论基础。     

An Open Model for Hypermedia and Its Application to Geographical Information Systems

This paper describes the design and implementation of a multimedia information management environment that is based on an open model for hypermedia. The model, known as Microcosm, is currently implemented in Microsoft Windows and supports many different media types. The open nature of the model and the separation of the links from the data, allows links to be applied across any application running under Windows or the OS/2 version 2 desktop, thus creating a truly integrated environment. One example, which is, discussed in the paper, is the integration of a hypermedia database with a geographical information system. The paper also discusses the application of novel interfaces to dynamic media within a hypermedia system, including the use of moving icons (micons).     

Linking Active Anchors: A Stage in the Evolution of Hypermedia

With the advent of multimedia technology, hypertext has evolved into hypermedia, in which the elements that are linked together can include animations, video clips, music recordings, and database queries. The critical hypertext function of link traversal must undergo a parallel evolution to support the dynamic aspects of these new types of information.

This paper introduces the concept of active anchors within dynamic information and explores the design issues involved in linking to active anchors. Scenarios from our hypermedia system, Intermedia, illustrate the use of active anchors in a university setting. General conclusions recommend characteristics that may facilitate the implementation of this concept in other hypermedia systems.     

基于Petri网的智能超媒体模型

智能超媒体是多媒体技术与专家系统的理想结合，Petri是描述系统行为的形式化工具。该文利用有色Petri网、扩展OCPN模型，采用立体层次结构，提出了一种基于Petri网的智能超媒体模型。该模型能较好地描述专家系统中规则的推理、多媒体中各种媒体的链接与同步以及与用户的交互和表现问题。     

基于面向对象技术的多媒体开发工具YH－MMDT

ＹＨ－ＭＭＤＴ（ＭｕｌｔｉＭｅｄｉａＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＴｏｏｌｋｉｔ）是针对多媒体作品的特点，并基于面向对象技术而设计的一个多媒体开发工具包。我们提出了一个新的多媒体作品管理模型ＷＮＣＨ，该模型以作者／读者辩证统一的观点为基本观点，以结点对象为基本信息单位，以内容对象处理多媒体信息，以热区对象处理超链接功能，进而形成了一组完整的多媒体开发工具。本文首先分析了多媒体作品的特点，然后介绍了ＹＨ－ＭＭＤＴ的体系结构，并详细描述了超媒体作品管理模型ＷＮＣＨ，最后讨论了ＹＨ－ＭＭＤＴ系统的主要管理功能（如创作、阅读、导航等）和技术。     

Content-based navigation of music using melodic pitch contours

We describe a system which supports dynamic user interaction with multimedia information using content-based hypermedia navigation techniques, specialising in a technique for navigation of musical content. The model combines the principles of open hypermedia, whereby hypermedia link information is maintained by a link service, with content-based retrieval techniques in which a database is queried based on a feature of the multimedia content; our approach could be described as ‘content-based retrieval of hypermedia links’. The experimental system focuses on temporal media and consists of a set of component-based navigational hypermedia tools. We propose the use of melodic pitch contours in this context and we present techniques for storing and querying contours, together with experimental results. Techniques for integrating the contour database with open hypermedia systems are also discussed.     

超媒体文档库协作写作系统的数据结构设计

本文主要讨论了一个面向大容量超媒体中文文档库的分布协作写作系统的数据和结构模型设计，着重介绍了分布式文档库、文档目录树、节点和超链链表、多媒体对象、文档检索索引等数据结构和整个超媒体系统的结构模型.     

A hypervideo system generator

In the past, a number of approaches have been proposed for the modeling and implementation of hypermedia and multimedia systems. However, automatic implementation is still lacking with regard to setting up various hypervideo systems. This paper proposes a hypervideo system generator for automatic implementation of various hypervideo systems. The proposed system is established by using a Generalized HyperVideo System (GHVS) model. A HyperVideo Linking Generator (HVLG) is introduced to on-line authoring of a GHVS program for specifying a hypervideo system. A HyperVideo Browser System (HVBS) has been developed for navigating various hypervideo systems. The proposed hypervideo generator has been established on Windows 3.1 and Windows 95, in which several other educational hypervideo applications have been successfully developed. Moreover, with the help of this prototype, the development time to build such hypervideo applications is considerably reduced when compared with the development of the same application using existing programming languages. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formal models for the description of timed behaviors of multimedia and hypermedia distributed systems

This paper presents two modeling approaches that can be used as a formal basis for designing distributed multimedia and hypermedia systems. Using these approaches, users and designers are able to express formally their multimedia and hypermedia synchronization and time requirements. The two different models considered are Hierarchical Time Stream Petri Nets and RT-LOTOS. It will be shown that both models, starting from a different formal basis, are of interest as they possess complementary advantages and can then be used at different stages of the system life cycle. For instance, HTSPN provides an user-friendly graphical specification framework, whereas RT-LOTOS offers an extensive simulation and validation framework applicable to specifications derived from HTSPN.     

Reading-strategy use by English as a second language learners in online reading tasks

This study investigates adult English language learners’ reading-strategy use when they read online texts in hypermedia learning environments. The learners joined the online Independent English Study Group (IESG) and worked both individually and collaboratively. This qualitative case study aims (a) to assess college-level ESL learners’ use of reading strategies for online second language (L2) texts and (b) to examine their use of hypertext and hypermedia resources while they read online L2 text. The seven strategies were (a) using hypermedia, (b) using computer applications and accessories, (c) dialoguing, (d) setting up reading purposes and planning, (e) previewing and determining what to read, (f) connecting prior knowledge and experiences with texts and tasks, and (g) inferring. The first two strategies were unique to online readings; the five remaining strategies apply to both online readings and paper-based text readings. The findings also revealed that “hybrid” online reading emphasized participants’ various reaction patterns and preferences in their hypermedia learning environments.     

Modeling the dynamic behavior of hypermedia applications

Hypermedia applications can be defined as collections of interactive and multimedia documents that are organized as a hypertext net. The development of hypermedia applications poses specific problems, such as the need for modeling sophisticated navigational structures, interactive behaviors, and harmonic presentations involving the synchronization of contents. Moreover, the increasing popularity of Internet based systems has put stress on the lack of mechanisms to formally specify security policies when designing hypermedia applications. Traditional design models and methodologies are not suitable for hypermedia applications and the up-to-now developed hypermedia oriented models do not cover the whole set of design needs. In this context, we present Labyrinth, a hypermedia oriented model providing formal elements to describe the static structure and dynamic behavior of this kind of nonlinear, multisensory, and interactive applications     

Effectiveness of hypermedia annotations for foreign language reading

Abstract This study first explores intermediate-level English learners' preferences for hypermedia annotations while they are engaged in reading a hypermedia text. Second, it examines whether multimedia annotations facilitate reading comprehension in the second language. The participants were 44 adult learners of English as a foreign language studying English for Academic Purposes. Data were collected through a tracking tool, a reading comprehension test, a questionnaire, and interviews. Results indicate that learners preferred visual annotations significantly more than textual and audio annotations. On the other hand, a negative relationship was found between annotation use and reading comprehension. Especially, pronunciations, audiorecordings, and videos were found to affect reading comprehension negatively. However, the qualitative data revealed that the participants had positive attitudes towards annotations and hypermedia reading in general.