基于量化噪声的JPEG图像篡改检测

JPEG图像篡改引入的双重压缩会导致篡改区域的原始压缩特性发生改变,因此可以利用篡改区域压缩特性的不一致性来检测图像的篡改。利用该原理,提出了一种基于量化噪声的JPEG图像篡改检测算法。算法对待检测图像进行分块,计算每块的量化噪声,求取图像块的量化噪声服从均匀分布和高斯分布的概率,从而检测出篡改过的双重压缩区域。实验结果表明：该算法能有效检测双重压缩的JPEG图像篡改,并能定位出篡改区域。     

基于量化表不一致性的JPEG图像篡改盲检测

利用篡改后JPEG图像量化表不一致的特性,提出一种针对JPEG图像的篡改盲检测新方法。通过智能选取若干图像块,迭代估计出待测图像的原始量化表,大致定位出篡改区域。然后用估计出的原始量化表对篡改区域再进行一次JPEG压缩,由压缩前后图像像素值的差值最终确定篡改位置。实验结果表明,提出的估计量化表算法复杂度小,精度高。检测算法能有效地检测出多种篡改类型的JPEG图像,且对篡改区域和未篡改区域压缩因子相差较小的JPEG合成类篡改,检测正确率更高。     

基于JPEG双量化效应的图像盲取证

JPEG图像的双量化效应为JPEG图像的篡改检测提供了重要线索.根据JPEG图像被局部篡改后,又被保存为JPEG格式时,未被篡改的区域(背景区域)的离散余弦变换(DCT)系数会经历双重JPEG压缩,篡改区域的DCT系数则只经历了1次JPEG压缩.而JPEG图像在经过离散余弦变换后其DCT域的交流(AC)系数的分布符合一个用合适的参数来描述的拉普拉斯分布,在此基础上提出了一种JPEG图像重压缩概率模型来描述重压缩前后DCT系数统计特性的变化,并依据贝叶斯准则,利用后验概率表示出图像篡改中存在的双重压缩效应块和只经历单次压缩块的特征值.然后设定阈值,通过阈值进行分类判断就可以实现对篡改区域的自动检测和提取.实验结果表明,该方法能快速并准确地实现篡改区域的自动检测和提取,并且在第2次压缩因子小于第1次压缩因子时,检测结果相对于利用JPEG块效应不一致的图像篡改盲检测算法和利用JPEG图像量化表的图像篡改盲检测算法有了明显的提高.     

基于量化表估计的JPEG篡改图像盲检测

传统JPEG篡改图像盲检测算法采用不同质量因子对待测图像进行尝试性再压缩.为了缩短检测时间,减少计算量,提出一种基于量化表估计的JPEG篡改图像盲检测有效算法.首先通过DCT系数直方图估计出篡改图像某一部分量化表,然后通过计算小块DCT系数中分别是对应量化步长整数倍的个数进一步判定该小块是否属于篡改区域.实验结果表明,提出的量化步长估计算法复杂度小,正确率高;检测算法能准确检测出copy-move和合成类图像篡改.此外,改进方法不仅对标准量化表压缩的JPEG篡改图像具有非常好的检测结果,而且对非标准量化表压缩的JPEG篡改图像检测也有效.     

JPEG图像篡改的盲检测技术

数字图像被动认证技术是一门不依赖数字水印或者签名等图像先验知识而对图像来源和内容真实性进行认证的新兴技术,JPEG图像篡改的盲检测已成为当前被动认证的研究热点。详细分析了三种基于JPEG压缩的盲检测算法：JPEG压缩历史检测和量化表的估计,块效应不一致性的篡改区域检测,JPEG二次压缩的检测,系统阐明了现有算法的基本特征和优缺点,最后展望了未来的研究方向。     

一种改进的DWT域图像篡改检测算法

改进一种DWT域图像篡改检测算法。该算法将置乱的有意义的二值水印图像利用量化的方法隐藏在载体图像Haar小波变换系数中。图像认证时,对提取的水印和原水印图像的差值图像进行反混沌置乱,再进行形态学处理,从中可以看出认证图像的篡改区域。此算法与Kunder等人提出的基于Haar小波的半易损水印算法相比,能够有效地区分JPEG压缩和恶意篡改,不需要设置阈值来区分JPEG压缩和恶意篡改,可以从水印差值图像直接看出恶意篡改的区域。     

一种双重变换域图像半脆弱水印算法

提出了一种DCT域和DWT域相结合的双重变换域半脆弱图像数字水印算法。充分利用了DWT变换提取图像特征方面的优势和DCT变换与JPEG压缩过程结合紧密的特点,使用自行设计的篡改估计函数,有效地实现了篡改检测和篡改定位,而且检测时不需要原始图像。使用密钥控制生成的混沌序列对水印进行加密处理,保证了系统的安全性。实验结果表明,该算法对于JPEG压缩等常规图像处理具有较强的鲁棒性,对于恶意篡改具有高度的敏感性,并且能够准确定位篡改发生的位置。     

基于块效应不一致的JPEG图像篡改区域检测

利用JPEG图像经篡改后块效应不一致的特性,提出一种根据JPEG篡改图像块效应值的分布检测篡改区域的方法。改进一种通过参照DCT系数的功率谱直方图估计量化表的方法,根据量化表求得图像每个8×8块的块效应,然后根据块效应值的分布规律检测出图像篡改区域。实验表明算法的应用范围广,具有一定的实践意义。     

基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证

数字图像在进行拼接篡改时,为了不留下视觉上的明显篡改痕迹,往往会对篡改的区域进行缩放、旋转等重采样操作。针对这一现象,本文提出一种新的基于重采样检测的JPEG图像拼接篡改取证算法,该算法通过对JPEG图像局部区域二阶导数进行Radon变换,并求其自协方差后进行快速傅里叶变换,在频域中消除JPEG压缩的影响,最后判断该局部区域是否经过重采样操作,以作为判断被检测的JPEG图像是否经过拼接篡改的证据。实验结果表明,本文算法对于经过包括缩放和旋转等重采样操作后拼接成的JPEG图像有较好的篡改取证效果。     

基于自适应提点鲁棒定位的图像复制粘贴篡改检测

复制-粘贴篡改检测(Copy-Move Forgery Detection, CMFD)是数字图像篡改的一种常见方式, 近年来已成为多媒体取证领域一个重要的研究方向. 本文提出一种鲁棒的复制-粘贴篡改检测算法, 基于构造波动函数自适应获取阈值的方法均匀提取图像特征点, 可在篡改区域小或平滑的情况下进行鲁棒检测. 引入DBQ-LSH匹配算法进行特征匹配, 降低了时间复杂度. 提出基于不变矩LBP图像的定位方法, 在图像受到噪声攻击和JPEG压缩攻击下能精准定位篡改位置. 实验结果表明, 该算法具有优良的检测正确率(图像级)和检测精度 (像素级).     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate