一种软件体系结构关注点分析方法

在体系结构的设计、演化和重用过程中涉及众多的关注点,而且它们之间存在着复杂的关系,然而目前还缺乏有效的对这些关注点及其关系进行描述和分析的方法.针对这一问题,在系统收集并显式标识各种体系结构关注点及其关系的基础上,文中提出一种软件体系结构关注点分析方法.该方法利用时段时序逻辑对关注点之间的横切关系进行形式化描述和分析,可以发现横切关注点之间的时序冲突,有助于提高面向方面软件体系结构的设计质量.最后结合案例给出了该方法的实施过程.     

一种软件体系结构关注点多维分离模型

传统方法设计出的体系结构中始终存在着一些横切现象,使得体系结构变得复杂、难以理解、难以演化和难以重用.基于关注点分离和面向方面软件开发的相关理论,探讨了体系结构中的关注点,提出一种体系结构层关注点多维分离模型.该模型通过形象地表示关注点之间的关系,识别那些在体系结构中可能产生横切的关注点,有效解决传统软件体系结构设计中存在的关注点横切问题,为软件体系结构的演化和重用提供了重要的指导作用.     

基于编档的体系结构视图冲突检测方法

软件体系结构由不同的视图组成,每个视图包含不同的体系结构关注点.在软件工程领域中,如何对这些视图进行比对和合并是一项非常重要的研究工作.然而,目前视图比对的主要研究都着眼于视图元素之间的比对,因而并不能有效地发现视图之间的隐含冲突.主要原因是由于不同视图背后隐含着不同的关注点,而关注点之间的冲突并不能显式地在视图中表现出来,因此仅作视图元素比对不能发现这种隐含冲突.针对该问题,提出了一种基于编档的体系结构视图隐含冲突检测方法.在该方法中,通过对设计方法进行建模来捕获体系结构关注点和视图之间的关联关系;以软件体系结构文档作为通用平台,通过4个连续的活动来检测关注点之间的隐含关系;为了支持方法的自动化,就其中出现的关系给出了一套数学定义.     

一种建模软件体系结构非功能属性的方法

非功能属性的处理一直是困扰着研究人员和实践者的难题.针对体系结构设计阶段早期,提出一种建模非功能属性的方法.该方法利用面向方面软件开发中的关注点多维分离原理,提出建模软件体系结构的"1+X"模型,并在此基础上进一步划分体系结构非功能属性的维度,归纳各个维度上的关注点,利用XML对维度和关注点进行规约.该模型为后续设计面向方面的软件体系结构奠定了基础,为体系结构设计人员提供了方法支持,而且该成果可以直接用于不同领域内的软件体系结构设计.     

解决冲突证据的两级组合方法

针对DS理论(DST)中Dempster组合规则在处理高冲突证据时的不足,提出一种解决冲突证据的两级组合方法。该方法将高冲突和低冲突区别对待,在第一级组合中采用基于DSm理论(DSmT)的PCR6规则,化解可能的高冲突证据;在第二级组合中采用Dempster规则,保证良好的收敛速度和计算性能,从而合理、有效地处理各种程度的冲突证据。通过算例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

冲突证据融合方法的研究与改进

研究了D-S证据理论组合冲突证据时存在的缺陷,分析了国内外专家学者的研究成果,并在此基础上提出了一种改进的处理冲突证据的融合方法.该方法通过计算各证据到命题平均支持度的偏差来检测和融合冲突证据,并对最后结果进行了必要的修正,以解决来自不同识别框架的证据的合成问题.实验结果表明,该方法能有效处理冲突,得到符合实际的组合结果,相对于其它典型算法,该方法在收敛性和可靠性上有了明显改进.     

基于模糊综合评价的协同环境下冲突量化研究*

依据冲突管理的现状,分析了冲突管理系统的四个实质性阶段,给出了冲突管理过程的体系结构,并综合层次分析法和模糊综合评价法提出一种对冲突进行量化的方法。该方法用层次分析法对专家的判断结果进行处理,得出各层次冲突因素的相对权重,用多级模糊综合评价的数学模型对冲突状态进行评价,最终得到该协同环境下的冲突状态评价集,实现了冲突状态的量化。通过实例显示了该方法的可行性,为冲突管理的有效实施提供了技术支持。     

一种基于修改模型的冲突证据组合方法

为解决Dempster-Shafer证据理论在对高度冲突的证据进行融合时可能导致与直观结果相悖的问题,本文提出一种有效处理冲突证据的融合方法。通过引入距离函数,确定证据之间的相互支持度,进而确定证据的权值。采用平均证据代替冲突证据,通过证据的权值修改证据源模型,然后基于Dempster组合规则进行证据组合,以减少冲突证据在组合规则中的作用能力,有效降低干扰对最终融合结果的影响,充分利用了原始证据信息,使得组合结果收敛到正确的目标的效率比较高。     

基于模糊综合评价的协同环境下冲突量化研究

依据冲突管理的现状,分析了冲突管理系统的四个实质性阶段,给出了冲突管理过程的体系结构,并综合层次分析法和模糊综合评价法提出一种对冲突进行量化的方法.该方法用层次分析法对专家的判断结果进行处理,得出各层次冲突因素的相对权重,用多级模糊综合评价的数学模型对冲突状态进行评价,最终得到该协同环境下的冲突状态评价集,实现了冲突状态的量化.通过实例显示了该方法的可行性,为冲突管理的有效实施提供了技术支持.     

面向方面体系结构建模研究

面向方面体系结构建模是面向方面软件开发(AOSD)的重要组成部分,也是近些年面向方面领域研究的热点问题。传统的软件体系结构设计方法没有单独地考虑横切关注点。因此,在软件体系结构设计阶段,建模人员需要新的机制来描述这些横切关注点。本文首先提出一个以横切为中心的面向方面体系结构概念框架;然后通过在体系结构设计阶段引入该框架中的核心概念,提出一种在体系结构设计阶段建模横切关注点的方法,从而支持其在早期进行横切关注点的分离。     

JavaAHP: a web-based decision analysis tool for natural resource and environmental management

Natural resource and environmental management invariably involves multiple issues, multiple criteria and multiple stakeholders. A large amount of social, economic and environmental information needs to be linked to government policies, stakeholder values, public opinions and management goals. A systematic approach to decision analysis involved in natural resource and environmental management is required to improve the quality of the decision and justify the actions to be taken. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides a methodology for multi-criteria analysis and decision making. It allows critical examination of the underlying assumptions, consistency of the judgements, and facilitates the incorporation of qualitative and subjective considerations into quantitative factors for decision making. JavaAHP is a software tool, which implements the AHP. It uses the AHP methodology to model an environmental problem, evaluate relative desirability of alternatives, and organise the information and judgements used in decision making. JavaAHP is deployed on the World Wide Web (WWW) and can be accessed globally. It takes advantages of the WWW with wide availability, Web resource integration and cross-platform capabilities. This paper introduces the major features of JavaAHP and its potential applications in natural resource and environmental management.     

一种基于横切特征分析的软件体系结构自动重构方法

软件体系结构中的横切关注点增加了软件体系结构的复杂性,从而加剧了体系结构演化与维护的困难.这种设计问题可以通过体系结构层面的重构来进行改善.在已有的横切特征分析方法基础上,提出了一种面向横切特征分析的体系结构自动重构方法.该方法首先基于特征与构件之间的追踪关系分析横切特征,然后将与横切特征有直接追踪关系的构件从初始体系结构中提取出来,实现方面构件,完成体系结构重构.在面向方面体系结构描述语言AO-ADL基础上开发了相应的体系结构重构工具,并针对一个业务系统进行了体系结构重构实验.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地实现体系结构横切特征的自动化重构.     

Web-GIS models: accomplishing modularity with aspects

Spatial concerns of Web geographical information systems (Web-GIS) are inherently crosscutting and volatile: crosscutting because they affect multiple functionalities of Web-GIS systems, and volatile because their status may change often. If these concerns are not modularized properly, the quality of Web-GIS services, particularly with regard to adaptation and evolution, can be severely compromised. This paper uses aspect-orientation to model crosscutting and volatile spatial concerns. By modeling both types of concerns, crosscutting and volatile, as candidate aspects, one can use dynamic weaving to add or remove them from a system at runtime. The aspect-oriented approach proposed starts with the identification and specification of crosscutting concerns and follows by composing these using modeling aspects using a transformation approach, an aspect-oriented modeling technique. The conflicts that can emerge due to the composition order are also taken into consideration. Finally, this paper proposes a set of reusable GIS crosscutting concerns, documenting them in a concern catalogue.     

结合扇入分析与克隆探测的方面挖掘方法

针对目前遗产系统中普遍存在的关注点分离而导致系统可理解性降低、维护成本提高的问题,提出一种将扇入分析与克隆探测方法结合的方面挖掘方法,对系统中存在的横切关注点进行识别并重构出新的系统结构,将传统系统向面向方面系统迁移。实例分析结果证明,该方法能够提高挖掘的精确度和速度,并降低克隆探测所需的时间。     

A Petri net-based approach for supporting aspect-oriented modeling

The concept of aspect-orientation allows for modularizing crosscutting concerns as aspect modules. Aspect-orientation originally emerged at the programming level, and has stretched over other development phases now. Among them aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) is a hot topic, and there are many approaches supporting it. Petri net is a good formalism which can provide the foundations for modeling software and simulating its execution, but fails to resolve the problem of crosscutting concerns to support AOM. So, this paper presents an approach which extends the Petri net so as to support the AOM. In this paper, the basic functions of the system are modeled as base net by Petri net, and the crosscutting concerns are modeled as aspect nets. In order to analyze the whole system, woven mechanism is proposed to compose the aspect nets and base net together. The problems about aspectaspect conflict and conflict relations may exist among the aspect nets matching the shared join point, thus this paper propose solutions to resolve them. The Object Petri net which is an extension of traditional Petri net is also extended so as to support aspect-oriented modeling here.     

Formal semantic conflict detection in aspect-oriented requirements

The goal of Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering is to identify possible crosscutting concerns, and to develop composition specifications, which can be used to reason about potential conflicts in the requirements. Recent work in AORE has moved from a syntactic approach to composition, which leads to fragile compositions and increased coupling between aspect and base concerns, to a semantic composition approach, based on semantics of the natural language itself. However, such compositions are at present only informally specified, and as such precise conflict detection between the requirements compositions is difficult. We present an approach for the formalisation of these semantic-based compositions which means that logical conflicts between compositions can be precisely identified and understood semantically. We show that the approach can be supported by off-the-shelf tools, meaning it is scalable and feasible for even large requirements specifications.     

A Petri net-based approach for supporting aspect-oriented modeling

The concept of aspect-orientation allows for modularizing crosscutting concerns as aspect modules. Aspect-orientation originally emerged at the programming level, and has stretched over other development phases now. Among them aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) is a hot topic, and there are many approaches supporting it. Petri net is a good formalism which can provide the foundations for modeling software and simulating its execution, but fails to resolve the problem of crosscutting concerns to support AOM. So, this paper presents an approach which extends the Petri net so as to support the AOM. In this paper, the basic functions of the system are modeled as base net by Petri net, and the crosscutting concerns are modeled as aspect nets. In order to analyze the whole system, woven mechanism is proposed to compose the aspect nets and base net together. The problems about aspect-aspect conflict and conflict relations may exist among the aspect nets matching the shared join point, thus this paper propose solutions to resolve them. The Object Petri net which is an extension of traditional Petri net is also extended so as to support aspect-oriented modeling here.     

软件测试设计重要度的决策分析

针对软件测试设计策略优化问题,提出一种基于测试重要度的测试设计决策分析算法。该方法依据测试有效性原则,采用层次分析理论,通过定量和定性相结合的方法,解决软件测试过程中测试重要度比较和分析问题,完成对软件测试设计工作的重点或优先级的决策分析,优化测试设计策略,进而合理地分配测试资源,有效发现软件存在的缺陷,提高软件测试的效率。