基于本体和粗糙集的协同产品设计知识约简

协同产品设计具有知识来源广、知识类型复杂多样等特点。为简化产品设计知识库并从中有效地提取出对产品设计人员有价值的知识,提出了基于本体和粗糙集的协同产品设计知识约简方法。首先通过引入本体技术对设计知识进行本体建模、显式定义语义和统一表达,以增加产品设计知识的语义;然后通过决策属性的正域及核求解等知识约简方法将设计知识库中对设计人员不重要的、冗余的知识进行约简,精练设计知识库,分析并求解出了约简后知识库中知识的依赖度,从而为设计人员选取与设计密切相关的知识提供依据。最后以汽车发动机的协同设计为例介绍了本文的方法。     

OBWPA:一种基于本体的工作流参与者柔性分配方法

工作流技术在产品协同设计、知识管理系统等协同工作系统的建模中正起着日益重要的作用.但在目前的工作流模型中,一般通过角色、部门等约束来对活动的参与者进行分配,尚不能依据流程活动中的上下文环境来动态分配任务参与者.这种情况无法满足产品设计等复杂业务过程的需要.提出了一种基于本体的工作流参与者柔性分配方法,并基于该方法建立了工具.用户可通过系统提供的交互工具,依据企业本体中的元素、活动的上下文内容等来分配活动的参与者,增强了系统的灵活性.依据该方法构建的系统,可对复杂产品协同设计过程及设计知识管理过程等提供有效支撑.     

语义驱动的集成化产品建模

针对复杂产品研发过程中多领域协同对产品知识共享和重用的需求,提出一种语义驱动的集成化产品建模方法.结合多本体技术,给出了集成化产品建模框架,该框架由概念层和模型层构成,概念层包括高层核心产品本体和领域本体,模型层由主模型和领域模型等一族模型构成;同时还给出了集成化产品模型的形式化语义描述,在构建高层核心产品本体的基础上建立主模型;基于多领域本体,进行由概念层语义驱动的领域模型快速重构,在语义理解基础上实现跨领域的产品知识重用.     

网格环境下协同设计平台的模型研究

介绍了对网格技术的发展以及网格体系结构(OGSA);并以网格技术为核心,结合复杂产品协同设计过程的特点,提出了基于网格技术的复杂产品协同设计平台的模型.通过对该平台模型的研究,证明利用该平台可以很好地解决复杂产品设计过程中的协同问题,并提高产品的开发效率和质量.     

基于Web的异构数据协同批注系统的研究与实现

随着协同工作的广泛深入,协同浏览与批注技术作为协同技术的重要组成部分,对产品设计平台异构性支持的需求也越来越迫切.本文对基于Web的支持异构数据浏览与批注技术和基于Web的协同技术等进行了初步研究,并在此基础上开发了一套基于Web的支持异构数据的协同浏览与批注原型系统.研究结果表明,该系统可以实现异构数据的基于Web的协同浏览与批注,加快产品设计进程,提高设计效率.     

面向制造领域人机物三元数据融合的本体自动化构建方法

当前,智能制造面临的许多问题都具有不确定性和复杂性,单纯地利用专家经验和机理模型难以有效解决.鉴于此,面向跨层跨域的复杂制造系统网络化协同控制机制,提出一种基于本体的人机物三元数据融合方法,研究复杂制造环境下的人机物三元数据融合建模.在抽取三元组时,区别于传统的流水线式抽取方式,提出一种基于实体-关系联合抽取的模型ErBERT.该模型首先经过预训练模型BERT进行词序列化,经过最大池化、全连接和Softmax等操作后,完成实体识别和关系分类任务,得到抽取完毕的人机物三元组.将抽取好的三元组按照规则映射至OWL文件,最终存储在图数据库中,实现本体模型的构建.经实验验证,经过ErBERT抽取出的三元组有较好的准确率,能够达到通过本体融合人机物三元数据的目标,并为实现制造企业人机物三元协同决策与优化提供技术支撑.     

基于工作流驱动的航天产品分布式协同设计环境

在分析目前航天产品研制面临形势和存在问题的基础上,引入了构建分布式协同设计环境的解决途径,同时针对产品协同设计过程中知识、任务、对象、人员和流程的统一描述问题,提出了协同设计环境中定义和运行的唯一数据源——任务统一模型(Task Unified Model,简称为TUM)的概念,并对TUM定义、组织、视图转换及运行机制进行了详细论述。然后基于Eclipse RCP和Web Portal技术构建了分布式协同设计环境APEngine,实现了面向产品设计全过程的 TUM 建模、实例化和运行过程。最后通过某航天历史型号设计的工程实际应用,证明了本文研究成果具有较强的工程应用价值。     

基于主模型的协同设计软件架构技术研究

运载火箭总体方案论证过程中,由于涉及专业多、专业间迭代交互频繁、设计方案多变等特点,容易造成多专业协同设计时版本与技术状态的不统一,需要研究针对运载火箭产品的通用建模方法,并开发相应的软件系统;基于统一数据源的协同设计理念,结合运载火箭总体设计与数据模型特点,通过定义基础信息模型、概念模型、参数模型、外部定义模型4种数据模型,提出了针对运载火箭产品的通用主模型构建方法;将此通用建模方法软件化,搭建了基于主模型的协同设计软件系统整体架构;此架构包含主模型管理系统、主模型建模工具及应用客户端三部分,实现了多专业协同设计过程中数据与版本的统一管理、技术状态一致性分析、谱系追踪、数据展示与应用等功能;该主模型建模工具与客户端软件系统的实现,为运载火箭的总体协同设计提供了工具支撑。     

异构数据协同浏览与批注系统的设计与实现

协同浏览与批注技术作为协同技术的重要组成部分,对产品设计平台异构性支持的需求越来越迫切。该文在研究基于Web的支持异构数据浏览与批注技术、基于Web的协同技术、协同浏览与批注的版本管理技术及安全管理技术的基础上,开发一套基于Web的支持异构数据的协同浏览与批注原型系统。实验结果表明,该系统可实现异构数据的基于Web的协同浏览与批注,加快产品设计进程,提高设计效率。     

航天试验数据管理系统的设计与应用

航天产品研制过程中会产生大量的仿真和试验数据,深入分析和充分利用这些数据对研制工作至关重要;介绍了基于元数据的航天试验数据管理系统的总体架构和模块组成,该系统基于元数据实现了航天产品研制过程中仿真和试验数据的统一管理,为设计人员提供集中的、规范化的数据管理服务,实现仿真和试验全过程数据的智能采集和集中存贮,支撑不同专业、不同角色的设计人员完成航天产品的协同设计。     

以网络为中心的协同特征造型

在网络化同步协同设计环境中,如何实现CAD系统之间的实时数据交换和模型同步,成为协同几何造型的关键问题。文中提出了一种新的复制式协同特征造型方法,该方法将现有的特征造型技术与分布计算、网络通信技术相结合,通过简单的造型消息交换来实现增量式协同造型,可以较好地满足几何模型实时同步的需要,而且也部分地解决了异构CAD软件之间的数据交换问题;并详细地介绍了协同造型通信协议、对象引用机制、以及分布式协同造型系统。     

支持复杂产品系统设计的虚拟知识流生成算法

复杂产品系统设计流程环节多,设计人员不仅需要掌握本环节的知识,也需要了解相关环节的概要知识,采用本体表示的复杂产品系统知识资源对设计人员构成艰巨的挑战。结合工作流与本体技术,设计了满足设计人员知识需求的虚拟知识流生成算法。算法允许设计人员指定工作流各个节点的起始概念、属性关系以及知识深度,然后遍历各个节点生成各节点本体视图,形成支持设计人员知识需求的虚拟知识流,从而促进设计人员的知识共享。算法具有起始概念顺序无关性、属性指令累加性、完备性,计算时间随本体中概念数量线性增加。最后以飞机设计中的虚拟知识流为例说明了算法应用。     

A digital twin-based multidisciplinary collaborative design approach for complex engineering product development

With the ever-increasing demand for personalized product functions, product structure becomes more and more complex. To design a complex engineering product, it involves mechanical, electrical, automation and other relevant fields, which requires a closer multidisciplinary collaborative design (MCD) and integration. However, the traditional design method lacks multidisciplinary coordination, which leads to interaction barriers between design stages and disconnection between product design and prototype manufacturing. To bridge the gap, a novel digital twin-enabled MCD approach is proposed. Firstly, the paper explores how to converge the MCD into the digital design process of complex engineering products in a cyber-physical system manner. The multidisciplinary collaborative design is divided into three parts: multidisciplinary knowledge collaboration, multidisciplinary collaborative modeling and multidisciplinary collaborative simulation, and the realization methods are proposed for each part. To be able to describe the complex product in a virtual environment, a systematic MCD framework based on the digital twin is further constructed. Integrate multidisciplinary collaboration into three stages: conceptual design, detailed design and virtual verification. The ability to verify and revise problems arising from multidisciplinary fusions in real-time minimizes the number of iterations and costs in the design process. Meanwhile, it provides a reference value for complex product design. Finally, a design case of an automatic cutting machine is conducted to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

数据驱动的产品概念设计知识服务模型构建

为了满足消费者的个性化需求,提高产品概念创新设计阶段的设计效率和水平,同时提升设计阶段的创新能力,构建了数据驱动的产品概念设计创新知识服务模型。该模型基于产品的评论数据和专利数据等,运用文本挖掘和聚类分析等技术,向产品的设计者提供相应的知识服务,进而对设计过程提供相应的辅助支撑。最后,用实例验证了该模型的有效性。     

Ontology-based assembly design and information sharing for collaborative product development

To realize a truly collaborative product design and development process, effective communication among design collaborators is a must. In other words, the design intent that is imposed in a product design should be seized and interpreted properly; heterogeneous modeling terms should be semantically processed both by design collaborators and intelligent systems. Ontologies in the Semantic Web can explicitly represent semantics and promote integrated and consistent access to data and services. Thus, if an ontology is used in a heterogeneous and distributed design collaboration, it will explicitly and persistently represent engineering relations that are imposed in an assembly design. Design intent can be captured by reasoning, and, in turn, as reasoned facts, it can be propagated and shared with design collaborators. This paper presents a new paradigm of ontology-based assembly design. In the framework, an assembly design (AsD) ontology serves as a formal, explicit specification of assembly design so that it makes assembly knowledge both machine-interpretable and to be shared. An Assembly Relation Model (ARM) is enhanced using ontologies that represent engineering, spatial, assembly, and joining relations of assembly in a way that promotes collaborative assembly information-sharing environments. In the developed AsD ontology, implicit AsD constraints are explicitly represented using OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). This paper shows that the ability of the AsD ontology to be reasoned can capture both assembly and joining intents by a demonstration with a realistic mechanical assembly. Finally, this paper presents a new assembly design information-sharing framework and an assembly design browser for a collaborative product development.     

Ontology design with a granular approach

Ontology design for complex applications is quite a challenge. The quality of an ontology is highly dependent upon the capabilities of designers, and the collaborative design process is hampered by the difficulty of balancing the viewpoints of different designers. In this paper, we present a granular view of ontology: ontologies are granular, ontologies are granular approximations of conceptualizations and conceptual-relation granules of an ontology are ordered tuples. We then propose a corresponding granular ontology design approach. In our granular ontology design approach, the unified granular cognition level and hierarchies of sub-concepts are initialized before ontological terms are designed in detail, which reduces the subjective effects of the capabilities of designers. Our approach also introduces the idea of optimization to choose an optimal subset, which can best approximate the real concept domain, from the knowledge rule set presented by different domain experts. The optimal subset is chosen on the basis of the principle of granular ontology knowledge structure.     

A reusable structural design for mobile collaborative applications

Architecting mobile collaborative applications has always been a challenge for designers. However, counting on a structural design as a reference can help developers to reduce risks and efforts involved in system design. This article presents a reusable architecture which helps modeling the communication and coordination services required by mobile collaborative applications to support collaboration among users. This architecture has been used as a basis for the design of several mobile systems. Two of them are presented in this article to show the applicability of the proposal to real world collaborative systems.     

What do students do in a F2F CSCL classroom? The optimization of multiple communications modes

This exploratory study analyzes how students use different communication modes to share information, negotiate meaning and construct knowledge in the process of doing a group learning activity in a Primary Grade 5 blended learning environment in Singapore. Small groups of students interacted face-to-face over a computer-mediated communication (CMC) technology called Group Scribbles (GS) to jointly complete a learning task. The lesson designers attempted to optimize the use of CMC technology and face-to-face (F2F) discussion in students’ collaborative learning, with the aim of harnessing the specific features of each medium. Building on notions from communication studies and from interaction analysis, we observed the construction and evolution of the interactions through analyzing the artifacts that were produced by a group of students – in verbal talk, gestures, and sketches drawn and text inscribed in GS. F2F and GS interactions intertwined to support collaborative learning. The findings from this study could inform design aspects concerning integrating and reinforcing the strengths of both communication modes when introducing computer-assisted collaborative learning (CSCL) in a F2F classroom.     

基于Web3D 的灯饰协同设计定制系统

论文分析了目前传统的灯饰设计所存在的不足,提出了客户与设计师协同 设计的可行方案,详细介绍了基于Web3D 的灯饰协同设计关键技术,包括灯饰模型交互设 计和同步互斥技术,开发出了一个以客户为主,以设计师为辅并基于Web3D 技术的网上协 同设计系统,并通过实验验证了系统的可行性。