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1.
In recent years, comfort seat design has received widespread attention from researchers. One of the factors that could contribute to comfort is the thermal influence due to the interaction between the human and the seating surface, for which literature is limited.In this paper, a laboratory experimental setup was used to detect and analyse the temperature changes at interface between seated subjects and a sensorized automotive seat. Acquired temperatures were processed in order to identify a mathematical model for describing the temperature changes at the interface.The main target of the study was the identification of the most sensitive areas of the human body to temperature variation while seated and its effect on local and overall perceived thermal comfort.Statistical analysis showed that the effects of temperature were most perceived in the “Upper Body” (UB) and less in the “Lower Body” (LB). The shoulders, the sides of the back, the back and the buttocks were most sensitive to temperature changes at the interface. Differences have been highlighted also between male and female subjects.Relevance to industryThe identification of the most sensitive areas of the human body to temperature variation, while seated, and the identification of the logarithmic model for describing the temperature changes should allow seat designers to define targets and strategies in developing cooling and heating systems for car seats, taking into account, in a preventive evaluation, the most probable perceived thermal comfort.  相似文献   

2.
This paper presents an evaluation of thermal comfort in an extended road trial study. Automobile seats play an important role in improving the thermal comfort. In the assessment of thermal comfort in autos, in general subjective and objective measurements are used. Testing on the road is very difficult but real traffic conditions affect the comfort level directly, as well as the driver's experience to real conditions. Thus, for such cases real traffic situations should not be neglected in the evaluation of comfort. The aim of this study was to carry out, on an extended road trial study, an evaluation of thermal comfort using human subjects. In the experiments used, the 100% polyester seat cover had three different cover materials, which were velvet, jacquard and micro fiber. All experiments were carried out on a sunny day with ten participants over 1h. They were carried out at air temperatures of 25 degrees C in a Fiat Marea 2004, which had an automatic climate function. Skin temperature at eight points and skin wettedness at two points on the human body were measured during the trials. Participants were required to complete a questionnaire of 15 questions, every 5 min. It can be concluded that there was negligible difference in participants' reported thermal sensation between the three seats. According to objective measurement results, all seat cover materials have the same degree of thermal comfort. On the road the participants feel warmer around their waist than any other area of the body. It was suggested that the effects of real traffic conditions must be accounted for in comfort predictions.  相似文献   

3.
Ho C  Fan J  Newton E  Au R 《Ergonomics》2011,54(4):403-410
This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the effect of added fullness and ventilation holes in T-shirt design on clothing comfort measured in terms of thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance. Four T-shirts in four different sizes (S, M, L, XL) were cut under the traditional sizing method while another (F-1) was cut with specially added fullness to create a 'flared' drape. A thermal manikin 'Walter' was used to measure the thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the T-shirts in a chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. The tests included four conditions: manikin standing still in the no-wind and windy conditions and walking in the no-wind and windy condition. It was found that adding fullness in the T-shirt design (F-1) to create the 'flared' drape can significantly reduce the T-shirt's thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance under walking or windy conditions. Heat and moisture transmission through the T-shirt can be further enhanced by creating small apertures on the front and back of the T-shirt with specially added fullness. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The thermal comfort of the human body is one of the key issues in the study of ergonomics. When doing exercise, a human body will generate heat, which will eventually result in sweating. If heat and moisture are not released effectively from the body, heat stress may occur and the person's performance will be negatively affected. Therefore, contemporary athletic T-shirts are designed to improve the heat and moisture transfer from the wearer. Through special cutting, such athletic T-shirts can be designed to improve the ventilation of the wearer.  相似文献   

4.
J E Brooks  K C Parsons 《Ergonomics》1999,42(5):661-673
This report presents the results of an ergonomics investigation into human thermal comfort using an automobile seat heated with an encapsulated carbonized fabric (ECF). Subjective and objective thermal comfort data were recorded while participants sat for 90 min in a heated and a non-heated automobile seat in an environmental chamber. Eight male participants each completed eight experimental sessions in a balanced order repeated measures experimental design. The conditions in the chamber were representative of a range of cool vehicle thermal environments (5, 10, 15 and 20 degrees C; in the 20 degrees C trial participants sat beside a 5 degrees C 'cold wall'). Participants in the heated seat condition used the heating controller with separate temperature control over the back of the seat (squab) and bottom of the seat (cushion) in an effort to maintain their thermal comfort while wearing the provided clothing, which had an estimated insulation value of 0.9 Clo. The trials showed that participants' overall sensations remained higher than 'slightly cool' in the heated seat at all temperatures. Participants' overall discomfort remained lower (i.e. more comfortable) than 'slightly uncomfortable' at temperatures ranging down to nearly 5 degrees C in the heated seat. Hand and foot comfort, sensation and temperature were similar in both seats. Asymmetric torso and thigh skin temperatures were higher in the heated seat although no significant discomfort was found in the front and back of the torso and thigh in either seat. Participants reported no significant difference in alertness between the control and heated seat.  相似文献   

5.
This study examined the physical and physiological differences between children and adults that affect body heat generation and losses and then developed a heat loss model for determining the temperature ratings of cold weather clothing designed for use by children of various ages. The thermal insulation values of selected jackets were measured using a heated manikin dressed in two base ensembles, and the temperature ratings were calculated using the model. The results indicated that the type of garments used in the base ensemble had a major effect on jacket ensemble insulation and the predicted comfort temperature. For a given level of insulation, the temperature rating decreased as the wearer's age and activity level increased. This is probably because children have a higher surface area per unit mass ratio than adults, and they lose heat faster. However, this effect is partially offset by their higher metabolic rates.  相似文献   

6.
7.
The objective of this study is to quantify the development of thermal stress states that account for the occurrence of moisture-induced explosive spalling of reinforced high-strength concrete structures under rapid heating conditions. Obtained from finite difference models of simulating coupled heat and mass transport phenomena in heated reinforced concrete elements, transient temperature profiles are used as prescribed boundary conditions for subsequent finite element thermo-elastic stress analysis. A computational methodology using the theory of mixtures (volume averaging) is presented to compute thermally induced effective stresses that are potentially associated with thermal spalling of high-strength concrete.  相似文献   

8.
Thermal comfort influences occupant satisfaction, well-being and productivity in built environments. Several decisions during the design stage (e.g., heating, ventilation, air conditioning design, color and placement of furniture, etc.) impact the building occupants’ thermoception (i.e., the sense by which animals perceive the temperature of the environment and their body). However, understanding the influence of design decisions on occupant behavior is not always feasible due to the resources needed for creating physical testbeds and the need for controlling several contributing factors to comfort and satisfaction. Virtual environments (environments created with virtual reality technology) are novel venues for studying human behavior. However, in order to use virtual environments in the thermoception domain, validation of these environments as adequate representations of physical environments (built environments) is imperative. As the first step towards this goal, we benchmarked virtual environments to physical environments under different thermal stimuli (i.e., hot and cold indoor air temperature). We identified perceived thermal comfort and satisfaction, perceived indoor air temperature, number and type of interactions as markers for the thermoceptive comparison of virtual and physical offices. We conducted an experiment with 56 participants and pursued a systematic statistical analysis. The results show that virtual environments are adequate representations of physical environments in the thermoception domain, especially for subjective perceived thermal comfort and satisfaction assessment. We also found that the type of first adaptive interactions could be used as the markers of thermoception in virtual environments.  相似文献   

9.
本文以某小区的现代化住宅为例,从其温度标准确定、基于人体热舒适性指标PMV的控制系统、合理选择冷冻机规模、新风量的计算确定等方面来阐述现代化住宅暖通空调设计的要素。  相似文献   

10.
Combinations of clothing provide different degrees of thermal insulation for various parts of the body. The effect of this uneven thermal insulation on general comfort is examined by using experimental clothing which could provide varying degrees of thermal resistance. The relationship between skin temperature and sensation was found to be approximately linear when the exposed areas were not large, and that clothing of the same thermal resistance can yield different sensations depending on the parts of the body involved.  相似文献   

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