基于双视角的耦合网络表示学习算法

传统网络表示学习算法大多依赖于节点视角下的随机游走获取网络局部采样序列,再通过最大化相邻节点的共现概率将网络中的节点表示成低维向量.本文在真实网络上的经验分析表明,对节点和边两种视角分别进行随机游走会产生具有不同节点分布的采样序列,进而得到不同的社区划分.为此,本文提出了一种基于双视角的耦合表示学习算法DPBCNE.该方法基于边视角进行随机游走以获得不同于节点视角的采样结果,再融合基于节点视角下的节点采样序列进行耦合训练,以学习节点和边的表示.实验结果表明,相较于现有的网络表示学习算法,DPBCNE能更好地保留网络拓扑结构信息,并在下游分类和预测任务中获得更好的效果.     

一种新的随机游走的异构网络节点排序算法研究

异构网络中往往包含多种不同类型的节点。为了满足用户对不同类型节点的检索需求,需要对不同类型的节点进行排序。同时鉴于用户对不同类型节点的检索需求不同, 提出了一种基于随机游走的异构网络节点排序算法,以提高检索结果的性能。首先,对包含用户、图片和文本内容的异构网络进行了形式化描述。其次,对异构网络中节点之间的相似性进行了定义,并提出了一种包含不同类型邻居节点的相似性计算方法。接下来,基于随机游走思想提出了节点重要性的计算算法,并分析了随机游走模型中偏好向量的选取方法。最后采用大量真实数据进行了实验验证,结果证明了提出的方法在处理信息检索请求时的有效性。     

关联文本信息的网络表示学习推荐算法

通过基于随机游走的网络表示学习算法得到节点的低维嵌入向量,进而将其应用于推荐系统是推荐领域很流行的研究方向.针对当前基于随机游走的网络表示学习算法仅着重考虑了网络结构特性而忽略文本信息的问题,提出一种关联文本信息的网络表示学习推荐算法.首先在随机游走阶段,考虑到了节点文本间的相似度,联合结构和文本信息对下一游走节点进行筛选;然后在网络表示学习部分融合文本信息,引入注意力矩阵,对文本信息矩阵中的向量进行加权表示;最后将生成的节点向量应用于推荐系统.在实验部分,将所提算法与常见的3种算法在两个数据集上进行对比分析,并对所提算法进行了参数敏感性分析.实验结果表明所提算法在AUC评价指标上的性能优于另外3种算法,可见该算法在个性化推荐中的有效性.     

SMART:一种面向电商平台快速消费品的图推荐算法

提出一种针对电商平台快速消费品的图推荐算法SMART。该算法在传统二部图推荐算法的基础上增加商品种类节点及其与用户和商品两类节点的关联边,且利用每个用户对商品种类和单个商品的兴趣倾向设置无向边的权重,通过节点间转移概率的差异实现有倾向性的随机游走;经过多次迭代,用户节点到所有节点的游走概率会收敛到稳定值,收敛后的游走概率能够在一定程度上体现用户对商品的购买概率;最后考虑每个用户对商品所属商家的兴趣偏好,对用户节点到各商品节点的游走概率进行调整,并根据调整后的游走概率计算每个用户的TOP-N推荐列表。在京东生鲜类商品的评论数据集上对所提出的推荐算法进行性能评价,实验结果表明该算法的确能够提供高质量的推荐,与基本二部图推荐算法相比,准确率提高了1.32%,召回率提高了1.48%。     

基于随机游走的网络表示学习推荐算法

根据网络结构中的连接关系得到节点的向量表示,进而将节点的向量表示应用于推荐算法可有效提升其建模能力。针对推荐系统中的同质网络,提出结合随机游走的网络表示学习推荐算法。以DeepWalk算法为基础,在随机游走过程中根据节点重要性设定节点游走序列数,并设置终止概率以控制游走长度优化采样结果,在网络表示学习过程中将SkipGram模型融合节点属性信息,同时考虑上下文节点离中心节点的距离获得更准确的推荐结果。实验结果表明,该算法相比DeepWalk、Node2vec等算法具有更高的推荐准确度,并且较好地解决了冷启动问题。     

主题关注网络的表示学习

针对异质网络表示学习仅从结构方面考虑社交关系而忽略语义这一问题,结合用户间的社交关系和用户对主题的偏好两个方面,提出基于主题关注网络的表示学习算法。首先,针对主题关注网络的特点,结合集对分析理论的同异反（确定与不确定）思想,给出转移概率模型;然后,在转移概率模型的基础上提出了一种基于两类节点的随机游走算法,以得到相对高质量的随机游走序列;最后,基于序列中两类节点建模得到主题关注网络的嵌入向量空间表示。理论分析和在豆瓣数据集上的实验结果表明,结合转移概率模型的随机游走算法能更全面地分析网络中节点的连接关系,当划分社区的个数为13时,所提算法的模块度为0.699 8,相比metapath2vec算法提高了近5%,可以更详细地捕获网络中的信息。     

基于在线社交网络的JPS跳跃并行顶点采样方法

针对现有在线社交网络（OSNs）采样方法无法有效地应用于低连通性的社交网络，且采集的样本顶点平均度严重偏离原始社交网络、顶点过度采样等问题，本文基于蒙特卡罗随机游走（MHRW）采样方法，引入双重跳跃策略、并行机制和顶点缓存区，提出一种跳跃无偏并行顶点（JPS）采样方法。将在线社交网络数据集建模为包含顶点和边的社交图进行模拟采样，利用Python/Matplotlib绘图库绘制采集的样本顶点属性图。实验结果表明,该采样方法更有效地应用于不同连通强度的社交图，提高了采样过程中的顶点更新率，降低了样本顶点的平均度偏差且能够更快速地收敛。     

大规模软件网络节点中生代指数解法研究

将大规模软件结构看作一个有向网络图,类看作是网络中的一个节点,类间关系看作是一条连接节点的边。定义了网络节点的家族指数和中生代指数。一个节点的中生代指数反映了此节点和软件网络中其它节点联系的紧密程度。根据定义提出了中生代指数的一般求解算法APSA。基于dijkstra算法提出了快速求解算法ADDA。用两种算法对不同节点数的十种大规模软件进行中生代指数计算,结果表明节点越大,ADDA算法的时间性能越好。最后阐述了中生代指数对于软件开发的指导意义。     

一种基于邻居信息的最大派系过滤算法

最大派系问题(Maximal Clique Problem, MCP)是组合优化中经典而重要的问题之一,在信息抽取、信号传输、计算机视觉、社会网络及生物信息学等众多领域有着重要的应用。学者们根据不同的思想策略,提出了许多方法求解最大派系问题,如分支定界、遗传算法、模拟退火、交又嫡及DNA方法等。现根据派系的部居信息提出一种基于派系邻接顶点和邻接边的派系过滤算法。算法从一个已知派系(初始为一个单独顶点)出发,每次考察派系的部接顶点,并以派系的邻接边为基础,扩展已有派系而得到更大的派系。用两个大规模的科学家合作网络对提出的算法进行了分析,并讨论了大规模社会网络中的派系分布情况。实验表明,提出的算法可有效地抽取网络中的最大派系。     

融合连边符号语义信息的网络表示学习算法

为融合连边符号语义信息提升网络表示学习质量,针对现有算法处理复杂连边符号语义信息能力较弱问题,提出一种融合连边符号语义信息的网络表示学习算法,将包含正负关系的连边符号语义信息引入网络表示学习过程。首先,该算法设计基于三层感知机的关系预测模型刻画节点间不同类型的上下文链接关系;然后,引入随机游走策略实现上下文链接采样以适应大规模网络场景训练需求。在三个数据集中实验表明,该算法能够有效建模节点间不同类型的上下文链接关系,挖掘其中包含的复杂语义信息,相比目前最优的SIDE方法,所提算法的性能分别提高了0.31%、1.3%和1.85%。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。