智能温室监控系统设计

针对某花卉大棚的控制要求,介绍了基于ADAM-5000模块的温室监控系统。现场数据的采集和控制使用ADAM-5000系列智能模块,上位机采用研华工控机IPC610,使用MCGS组态软件编制监控程序。由于温室环境是一个非线性、大滞后、耦合的动态模型,很难建立数学模型。采用模糊控制技术以满足温室环境参数的控制要求;为适应不同作物的生长需求,系统提供了作物参数的专家数据库。     

温室环境温度智能控制算法研究

智能控制算法是自动控制系统的关键技术，运用智能控制理论-模糊控制的理论，基于作物生长环境的需求，提出了温室环境温度的模糊控制算法-可调因子多模型模糊控制算法，并对模糊控制器进行了参数优化。在作物生长的三个时区进行了仿真，仿真结果验证了所提出的算法有效性。     

基于作物生长模型的WSN温室环境智能监控系统

实现一种结合作物生长模型和无线传感网技术的应用于温室环境的智能监控系统。在环境监控中,为了解决温室监控范围广导致的节点能量消耗大等问题,设计了适合大规模温室环境监控的基于分簇的低功耗网络通信协议。主要以番茄为研究对象。智能决策的依据是番茄生长模拟模型。根据模型能预测番茄的发育期,进而对处于不同发育期的温室做出决策。     

基于单片机的温室自动控制系统设计

温度、湿度和CO2浓度等是影响作物生长的重要环境因子,为有效进行作物生长的环境控制,针对日光温室的特点,以模糊控制理论为基础,计算机控制技术为平台,设计了一个基于模糊控制技术的计算机温室控制系统;介绍了以PC机为上位计算机,MCS一51单片机为核心的智能仪表为下位机的智能温室分布式测控系统的工作原理及主要功能;详细阐述了该系统的软、硬件实现方法;该套控制系统符合我国现阶段的国情且能很好地满足生产要求,成本低,运行可靠,便于推广应用.     

石羊河流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量空间分布规律的研究

根据甘肃省石羊河流域及周边的17个站近50年的观测资料,应用1998年FAO灌溉排水丛书第56分册最新推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算各站历年参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET0,分析了海拔高度与ET0的相关性.石羊河流域ET0值空间变化比较大,从山区到绿洲平原ET0多年平均值呈递增趋势.同时借助地理信息系统软件MapGIS6.5和Arcyiew3.1建立了石羊河流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的空间分布式模型,本研究只考虑了海拔高度对参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的空间分布的影响,暂未对坡地上的辐射及温度进行校正.     

温室大棚作物生长环境智能测控系统

传统温室产业对棚内环境数据的检测往往采用人工方式,这种方法费力耗时,易受干扰,缺乏时效性和准确性,且对检测数据的管理,缺乏量化。为提高温室系统的智能化水平,针对直接影响作物生长发育的土壤湿度,空气温、湿度,光照强度四个量,提出一种用于温室大棚作物生长环境智能测控的解决方案。系统以Lab VIEW为桥梁,分别通过VISA库和OPC Servers建立与单片机和PLC的通信,现场信号通过单片机的简单处理,通过串口发送至PC,由Lab VIEW完成数据的处理,结果通过OPC通道下达至PLC,控制各执行机构完成相应动作。同时,系统建立作物生长环境参数数据库,记录棚内各量的数据变化,更好地对作物生长提供理论指导。     

石羊河流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量空间分布规律的研究

根据甘肃省石羊河流域及周边的17个站近50年的观测资料，应用1998年FAO灌溉排水丛书第56分册最新推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算各站历年参考作物蒸发蒸腾量Ero，分析了海拔高度与Ero的相关性。石羊河流域Ero值空间变化比较大，从山区到绿洲平原Ero多年平均值呈递增趋势。同时借助地理信息系统软件MapGIS6．5和Arcview3．1建立了石羊河流域参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的空间分布式模型，本研究只考虑了海拔高度对参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的空间分布的影响，暂未对坡地上的辐射及温度进行校正。     

模糊自适应Smith预估器在温室控制中的应用研究

该文以蒸汽管道为对象,采用机理分析法对温室加温时的温度对象进行分析,得到室内温度模型和蒸汽管道模型。采用模糊控制技术,组成温室温度的模糊控制系统。针对温室系统大延时滞后的特点,采用自适应Sm ith预估器对温室模糊控制系统进行补偿,组成模糊自适应Sm ith预估控制系统。运用MATLAB软件的S imu link建立温室控制系统的仿真模型,并分别用常规模糊控制技术和模糊自适应Sm ith预估控制技术对温室加温进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明在温室加温的模糊控制系统中增加自适应Sm ith预估器后,系统具有更强的适应能力,系统的动态特性都有了较大的改善。     

基于辐热积模型的温室栽培生产规划决策支持系统磁

为实现定期上市目标下的温室栽培生产规划,以作物辐热积模型为依据,利用历史气象数据和市场价格信息,建立基于辐热积模型的温室黄瓜栽培生产规划决策模型。应用 Web 技术开发了温室作物栽培生产规划决策系统,系统能实现作物在确定种植时间条件下预计上市期及温室运行过程的逐日环境优化决策,并以温室栽培黄瓜为例,对决策模型进行了验证。结果表明,系统能根据用户所提出的决策目标和温室运行状况,实现温室栽培生产的规划决策。     

基于数据库的温室作物生长决策支持系统的设计与实现

文中用Delphi6．0编写构建了温室作物生长的决策支持系统。采用Database Desktop来设计系统中的知识库、模型库和数据库。以数据库为基础的系统，有助于系统对知识、模型和相关数据的管理。对系统决策的过程采用基于数据库的方法进行编写，解决了温室作物生长智能决策过程中推理困难的问题，同时提高了决策的准确程度。经实际运用达到了理想的效果。     

基于POV-ray的行播作物方向亮温仿真研究

利用POV-ray光线追踪方法,对植被真实结构模型（CLAMP）生成的复杂行播场景下的方向亮温（DBT）进行快速演算,并针对CLAMP模型中集聚指数,平均叶倾角和叶面积指数,对冠层方向亮温的影响做敏感性分析,得到在不同参数输入条件下DBT的一些规律。结果表明,集聚指数可以有效地控制叶片在空间的分布情况,对于DBT的结果有较大影响;平均叶倾角对DBT的各向异性特征影响明显;叶面积指数是表征作物生长阶段的关键参数,对DBT的影响很大。     

作物高光效株型数字化设计的方法研究

传统育种研究较难实现作物株型的定量化设计,无法达到精确农业的研究标准,造成资源和人力的浪费.因此提出作物株型数字化设计方法,以作物的可视化模拟为基础,将影响株型形态因素进行数字化表示,通过计算机分析影响因素与植株形态的相关性,总结功能-结构-环境三者相关规律,构建能够合理变化的可视化定量模型,并对给定条件以高光效为目标进行设计.该方法能够改变传统株型设计难以定量化描述的问题,有目的地改变作物形态,生成具有高产能力的作物株型.     

一种任意曲线长度的测量方法及其应用

在进行作物形态测量的研究中对叶片长度的测量要求较高的测量精度。而有关长度测量的算法较少,其中较为常用的是利用链码来进行曲线长度的测量算法,该算法要求对图像上的玉米叶子进行预处理之后,才能进行对叶片长度的测量,然而由于细化操作的误差和链码描述曲线的误差,无法满足对任意叶片长度的测量精度要求。基于以上需求,提出了一种利用抛物样条曲线和数值积分进行任意曲线长度测量的算法,该算法可以直接对图像上的玉米叶片进行长度测量,而测量之前无需对图像进行任何预处理,避免了细化操作和链码描述导致的误差,其测量精度满足了该项目的要求。经实验该算法的平均测量相对误差可以控制在1%以内。由于该算法理论上基于数学,所以具有较高的可靠性,可应用于对测量速度要求不高,而对测量精度要求较高,测量结果稳定性要求较好的其它项目之中。     

Measuring and modelling CO2 effects on sugarcane

In order to fully capture the benefits of rising CO₂ in adapting agriculture to climate change, we first need to understand how CO₂ affects crop growth. Several recent studies reported unexpected increases in sugarcane (C₄) yields under elevated CO₂, but it is difficult to distinguish direct leaf-level effects of rising CO₂ on photosynthesis from indirect water-related responses. A simulation model of CO₂ effects, based purely on changes in stomatal conductance (indirect mechanism), showed transpiration was reduced by 30% (initially) to 10% (closed canopy) and yield increased by 3% even in a well-irrigated crop. The model incorporated the results of a field experiment, and a glasshouse experiment designed to disentangle the mechanisms of CO₂ response: whole-plant transpiration and stomatal conductance were both 28% lower for plants growing with high-frequency demand-based watering at 720 vs 390 ppm CO₂, but there was no increase in biomass, indicating that indirect mechanisms dominate CO₂ responses in sugarcane.     

基于径向基函数网络的农作物疾病诊断技术研究

农作物疾病的人工诊断效果常受到个人诊断经验和能力的限制,无法达到最令人满意的诊断结果。将丰富的植物病理学诊断经验和知识编入专家系统,利用模式识别算法对农作物常见疾病进行诊断,可以大大提高诊断准确率,显著地提高其产量和质量。本文研究基于一种人工神经元网络（Artificial Neural Network,ANN）——径向基函数（Radial Basis Function,RBF）网络的模式识别技术在大豆疾病诊断中的应用。径向基函数神经网络是基于人脑的神经元细胞对外界反应的局部性而提出的一种前馈式神经网络,这种网络具有结构简单、全局逼近能力强、训练方法快速易行的优点。本文首先对大豆常见19种疾病症状进行收集和整理,构建试验样本集。然后利用人工神经元网络理论,建立基于径向基函数（RBF）的网络模型,实现对该网络的训练和测试。测试结果表明,该模型具有较高的农作物疾病诊断正确率和良好的泛化能力。     

AquaCrop: FAO's crop water productivity and yield response model

With the help of relatively few conservative crop parameters, AquaCrop simulates final crop yield in four steps that are easy to understand, which makes the modeling approach transparent. The steps consist in the simulation of development of the green crop canopy cover, crop transpiration, above-ground biomass, and final crop yield. Temperature and water stresses directly affect one or more of the above processes. Nutrient deficiencies and salinity effects are simulated indirectly by moderating canopy cover development over the season, and by reducing crop transpiration and the normalized water productivity. The effect of CO₂ concentration on biomass is simulated by altering the normalized water productivity. The model requires a relatively small number of explicit parameter values and mostly intuitive input variables. The paper describes the essence of AquaCrop Version 4.0, applications and parameterization of crops, crop responses to elevated CO₂ concentration, soil fertility and salinity, and further model developments.     

Estimating crop-specific evapotranspiration using remote-sensing imagery at various spatial resolutions for improving crop growth modelling

By governing water transfer between vegetation and atmosphere, evapotranspiration (ET) can have a strong influence on crop yields. An estimation of ET from remote sensing is proposed by the EUMETSAT ‘Satellite Application Facility’ (SAF) on Land Surface Analysis (LSA). This ET product is obtained operationally every 30 min using a simplified SVAT scheme that uses, as input, a combination of remotely sensed data and atmospheric model outputs. The standard operational mode uses other LSA-SAF products coming from SEVIRI imagery (the albedo, the downwelling surface shortwave flux, and the downwelling surface longwave flux), meteorological data, and the ECOCLIMAP database to identify and characterize the land cover.

With the overall objective of adapting this ET product to crop growth monitoring necessities, this study focused first on improving the ET product by integrating crop-specific information from high and medium spatial resolution remote-sensing data. A Landsat (30 m)-based crop type classification is used to identify areas where the target crop, winter wheat, is located and where crop-specific Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (250 m) time series of green area index (GAI) can be extracted. The SVAT model was run for 1 year (2007) over a study area covering Belgium and part of France using this supplementary information. Results were compared to those obtained using the standard operational mode.

ET results were also compared with ground truth data measured in an eddy covariance station. Furthermore, transpiration and potential transpiration maps were retrieved and compared with those produced using the Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS), which is run operationally by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre to produce in-season forecast of major European crops. The potential of using ET obtained from remote sensing to improve crop growth modelling in such a framework is studied and discussed.

Finally, the use of the ET product is also explored by integrating it in a simpler modelling approach based on light-use efficiency. The Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) agroecosystem model was therefore applied to obtain net primary production, dry matter productivity, and crop yield using only LSA-SAF products. The values of yield were compared with those obtained using CGMS, and the dry matter productivity values with those produced at the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO). Results showed the potential of using this simplified remote-sensing method for crop monitoring.     

Multi-year simulation of Mediterranean forest transpiration by the integration of NOAA-AVHRR and ancillary data

The estimation of transpiration fluxes through wide vegetated land surfaces is of great importance for the proper planning and management of environmental resources, particularly in areas where water is a main limiting factor during at least part of the growing cycle. While remotely sensed techniques cannot directly measure these fluxes, they can provide useful information on vegetation variables such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), which are functionally related to the mentioned processes. The aims of the present work were: (a) to illustrate the use of multi-temporal LAI profiles derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data as input for a biogeochemical model (Forest-BGC) which simulates the main processes of forest vegetation (transpiration and photosynthesis); and (b) to analyse the sensitivity of the calibrated model to its main driving variables (meteorological data and NDVI-derived LAI profiles) in order to assess their relative importance for operational transpiration monitoring. In particular, the model was applied to two oak stands in the Tuscany Region (central Italy), which are representative of Mediterranean forests and for which a calibration phase had already been performed. Simulations were carried out for a 15-year period (1986–2000) using as inputs daily meteorological data and NDVI-derived monthly LAI profiles. The sensitivity of the model to both input types was then assessed through other model runs with fixed values of the two variables. The results of these experiments indicated that the remotely sensed LAI estimates are the main determinant of simulated transpirations, especially during the Mediterranean arid season (summer) when water resources are the primary limiting factor for vegetation development.     

变域传热发汗控制理论研究综述

论述了变域传热发汗控制理论的发展历史和研究现状．对变域传热发汗控制理论的产生背景及其空气动力学机理和变域传热发汗理论的特点进行分析．提出和建立了快烧蚀、结构温度控制和发汗的理论构架，总结了已取得的研究成果．分析了在发汗控制理论和技术研究中有待解决的几个问题，指出了发汗冷却控制技术的应用前景。     

饲粮铜水平对生长猪部分生化指标的影响

“三个代表”重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的继承 ,是中国共产党历史经验的科学总结 ,同时 ,也是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的发展和创新。继承与创新相统一 ,坚持与发展相统一 ,是正确对待马克思列宁主义的科学态度 ,也是“三个代表”重要思想的本质特点