形式背景的内积约简

形式概念分析是知识表示与挖掘的重要工具，而形式背景是形式概念分析中的基本概念之一。针对形式背景中对象集在给定属性集内是否拥有相同属性的问题，同时也为解决如何在计算中消除无关属性的问题，提出了新的属性约简类型，即内积约简。首先在形式背景中给出了内积概念；然后利用关系系统的约简理论和方法定义内积约简，并提出了基于差别矩阵的内积约简算法，以得到形式背景下的全部约简，在此基础上，通过交运算可以得到约简核；当属性增加时，设计了增量内积约简算法。最后结合传染病网络探索内积约简的应用，在模拟案例中属性数量从6个约简到2个。模拟结果表明，内积约简具有可行性和可解释性，达到了知识约简目的。     

集值决策信息系统的动态属性约简算法

在现实应用中许多数据往往是动态变化的,静态的属性约简算法处理此类数据需消耗大量的计算时间和存储空间。针对集值决策信息系统中数据的动态变化情况,通过引入条件信息量和属性重要性概念,提出了一种启发式的动态属性约简算法,当新的属性集增加到决策信息系统时,算法能够利用原系统的属性约简结果,快速更新属性集增加后的属性约简,并对更新后的属性约简中可能存在的冗余属性进行反向剔除,保持了知识获取的简洁,提高了算法的计算效率。最后,通过实例验证进一步分析了算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于小生境遗传算法的知识约简方法

提出基于小生境遗传算法的知识约简算法，利用遗传算法的搜索寻优技术，可以得到多种约简属性集。实验证明，该算法是有效的，它可以解决启发式算法不能解决的部分问题，并能求解出知识系统中存在的不同约简，从而为特征提取、决策支持和数据挖掘等提供更多的信息。     

基于知识粒化的信息系统增量式属性约简

传统的属性约简算法不能适用于动态变化的信息系统。为了对属性集不断动态增加的信息系统进行更高效的属性约简,基于粒计算模型中知识粒化的视角,提出一种知识粒度的增量式属性约简算法。在信息系统中引入知识粒度度量的概念,当信息系统属性集增加时,研究了知识粒度的增量式更新方法,理论分析了这种更新方法的高效性,根据知识粒度的增量式更新提出一种增量式属性约简算法。仿真实验结果表明该算法具有较高的属性约简性能。     

不完备系统中一种增量式属性约简算法

实际应用中，信息系统的数据常常是动态变化的，当对象增加时，原始的属性约简集不一定有效。针对不完备决策系统对象增加的情况，提出基于条件熵的增量式属性约简算法。首先定义不完备决策系统中的条件熵，然后分析对象增加时条件熵的变化机制以及对约简集的影响，提出增量式属性约简算法，当对象增加时，该算法能够更高效地进行属性约简。最后，实验验证本文算法的有效性和高效性。     

MapReduce框架下并行知识约简算法模型研究

面向大规模数据进行知识约简是近年来粗糙集理论研究热点。经典的知识约简算法是一次性将小数据集装入单机主存中进行约简,无法处理海量数据。深入剖析了知识约简算法中的可并行性;设计并实现了数据和任务同时并行的Map和Reduce函数,用于计算不同候选属性集导出的等价类和属性重要性;构建了一种MapReduce框架下并行知识约简算法模型,用于计算基于正区域、基于差别矩阵或基于信息熵的知识约简算法的一个约简。在Hadoop平台上进行了相关实验,实验结果表明,该并行知识约简算法模型可以高效地处理海量数据集。     

基于粗集理论复杂系统神经网络模型构建

设计了一个基于粗集理论复杂系统神经网络模型，详细地阐述了该模型的实现算法。运用分辨矩阵特性以及粗集理论得到一些结论，提出知识约简算法，避开NP-HARD问题，实现巨量数据知识库、多维指标体系参数和多类决策指标参数知识属性有效约简，降低构建神经网络系统复杂性，为神经网络系统构建提供了一种模型和方法。实例表明该算法在保持知识库系统不失真的情况下能够有效地对复杂系统知识约简，从而降低构建神经网络模型的复杂性。     

一种新的属性约简算法

粗集是一种处理模糊和不确定性数据的工具，属性约简和核是粗集理论的核心内容，经过约简后的数据更有价值，更能准确地获取知识。很多属性约简算法以核为起点，计算繁杂。文中提出并分析了后删除属性约简算法，该算法不需要计算核，节约时间，减少占用空间，简化求解过程。文中以实例验证了算法的正确性。     

一种基于Rough集理论的属性约简启发式算法

属性约简是知识发现中的关键问题之一．为了能够有效地获取决策表中属性的最小相对约简，在Rough集理论的基础上构造了一个新的算子，将信息论角度定义的属性的重要性作为启发式信息，来描述在决策表中条件属性所提供的知识对决策属性的影响；并采用宽度优先搜索策略，提出了一种新的属性约简启发式算法．以原始条件属性集为起点并结合算子，通过向属性核的递减式逼近，得到属性的最小相对约简．实例分析表明，该算法能有效地对决策表属性进行约简．     

不完备决策表中基于相对知识量的属性约简

在不完备决策表中,引入基于相容关系的相对知识量,定义属性的重要度,提出一种启发式属性约简算法。该算法通过在约简过程中不断缩小样本空间的方法,降低算法计算时间。采用UCI数据集进行实验,结果表明该算法可提高不完备决策表的约简效率,适用于大规模数据集的属性约简。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate