卫星遥感图像大地几何校正的一种方法

卫星遥感图像大地几何校正的一种方法王新民，邵贝恩（中国科学院遥感卫星地面站北京１０００８６）关键词：卫星遥感数据，几何校正，大地几何校正１弓唁卫星遥感图象的几何畸变可用卫星遥测数据予以纠正’‘－“．但是由于卫星轨道偏离、姿态漂移等误差的影响，校正后的...     

机载多光谱扫描图象几何畸变的全自动校正

分析了引起机载多光谱扫描图象几何畸变的各种主要因素，提出并建立了利用由惯性导航系统同步记录的飞机姿态、运动和位置参数校正机载多光谱扫描图象几何畸变的方法模型。试验结果表明，与传统采用控制点的方法相比，该方法不仅具有较高的校正精度，而且可由计算机全自动完成。     

一种实时的主动跟踪方法

针对单视角像机的视野局限性以及连续跟踪特定目标时运动目标实时检测的困难，提出了一种离散化活动像机运动的方法。先离散化像机运动；建立像机预置位表和背景索引表；然后，利用目标位置信息和运动信息判断像机转动情况，并结合对应的控制原理，实现了像机的调度；最后，利用通过计算机视觉方法确定了特定目标在不同离散空间的对应关系，实现了对特定目标大范围的主动跟踪和运动目标的实时检测。实验结果表明，对于复杂场景中特定运动目标大范围的主动跟踪具有较好的鲁棒性和实时性，并且可以实时提取场景中的运动区域。     

Landsat7图象系统级几何校正算法研究

Landsat7的双向扫描模式、姿态波动和增强型专题制图仪ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper )传感器本身的特点等必然导致遥感图象的几何畸变,同时复杂的成像几何模型也增加了几何校正的难度.为此,在研究了其成像几何模型,分析了影响畸变的因素后,给出了完整的系统级几何校正算法,包括视线产生和投影、姿态合成和重采样等,并对重采样中的间隙插值和延迟进行了深入分析,采用了简化方法.实验结果表明,校正后图象的定位精度、变形度和行间相关度达到了系统级几何校正的要求,验证了算法在保证速度的前提下,具有较高的正确性.     

轻型飞机成像光谱图象几何校正技术研究

成像光谱测量技术是近年来遥感领域的发展前沿之一，该技术以高光谱分辩率、高空间分辩率、高时相分辨率及普像合一为主要特征，在国民经济各个领域得到广泛应用。在剖析轻型飞机成像光谱测量系统成像环境特征的基础上，深入研究了低空遥感图象几何学理论，并利用数学模型分析方法，建立了航空成像光谱图象几何畸变模式及几何校正模型；提出了适合本系统的几何处理流程。利用所建立的几何校正模型和软件，对机载可见光/短波红外成像光谱数据进行了几何特性分析及几何校正，取得较好的图象处理效果，并证实了系统的实用性。     

水下机器人的单目视觉定位系统

介绍了OutLand 1000型水下小型远程遥控机器人(ROV)所携带的视觉系统,并通过实验对水下摄像机进行了标定,获得了像机的内参数.不同于陆地机器人的简化摄像机模型,针对水下环境对像机模型的影响,建立了水下像机的非线性畸变模型,在此基础上,对陆地单目视觉定位算法做了改进,并完成了系列水下实验.实验结果表明:经改进后的视觉定位方法提高了水下定位精度.     

卫星影像仿射畸变的自动校正方法

针对卫星影像存在的仿射畸变，研究并给出了一种实用的自动校正疗法。分析了仿射畸变模型参数的计算方法，对几何校正控制点进行了自动选定，辨识出了畸变模型参数，采用均值法及中值法对模型辨识参数进行优化处理，进而通过坐标变换及灰度的双线性插值实现卫星影像仿射畸变的自动、精确校正。仿真实验结果说明了该方法的可行性、有效性。     

一种基于神经网络的畸变图像校正方法

由于摄像机获取的图像存在几何畸变，因此在对图像进行定量分析前，必须校正畸变。针对传统的畸变图像校正方法，其所建立的畸变数学模型，不仅求解畸变参数复杂、计算量大，且存在很大的数值计算误差的问题．提出了一种基于神经网络的畸变图像校正方法。该方法首先运用图像处理技术从一标准模板的畸变图像中提取样本，然后以样本像素坐标作为网络输入来对神经网络进行训练。由于该训练好的神经网络能够实现畸变图像与非畸变图像之间的映射关系，因此能达到校正图像畸变的目的。最后对该校正方法进行了实验，给出并分析了校正实验结果，校正效果令人满意，并已成功地用于焊接机器人视觉系统。     

增强现实中的摄像机径向畸变校正

增强现实系统中,有效地进行摄像机镜头畸变校正对提高虚拟环境的精确性具有重要意义.首先提出一种基于成像几何的畸变校正方法,采用带有一阶径向畸变的摄像机模型,对镜头径向畸变进行校正,再根据校正后的图像计算摄像机投影矩阵.实验表明,基于成像几何的畸变校正算法具有较高的畸变校正精度,640×480的图像中,最大畸变量达90多个像素.与利用理想针孔摄像机模型得到的增强现实环境相比,畸变校正后得到的叠加结果更为精确.     

双目图像校正VLSI硬件电路结构设计

针对已有立体视觉中双目图像校正算法计算复杂度较高,不适合硬件实现的问题,提出了一种双目图像几何校正模型,并设计了VLSI硬件电路结构。利用网格模板标定法获取畸变校正模型参数,进行单目畸变图像的校正;再借助双目标定算法获得双目图像校正外部参数,得到立体校正模型,进行立体校正。结合畸变校正模型和立体校正模型,设计一个新的双目图像几何校正模型,并基于此模型设计双目图像几何校正VLSI硬件电路结构,具有较好的几何校正效果,也能够保证校正后的双目图像分辨率。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.