LTE移动通信系统无线资源管理方法探讨

长期演进技术(LTE)从诞生之初就开始进行不断地完善并且发展成为通信领域当中研究的热点之一.LTE系统可以完全向下对3G和2G无线网络进行兼容.在这个通信系统当中,随着新技术的应用,一些问题也开始暴露出来.LTE和其它不同类型的无线网络的兼容性有差别,因此会出现各种不同无线网络在LTE网络中共存的现象,因此在无线资源管理中出现了各种各样的问题.本文主要探究了LTE移动通信系统无线资源管理的具体方法,为技术的应用和发展提供参考.     

异构无线网络多网资源优化管理研究

针对异构无线网络多网协同的特点,从分析多个无线网络共存的资源管理优化体制构建思想出发,建立了新的异构无线网络资源统一管理优化模型,实现了协同信息的控制和管理,同时保证了异构数据呼叫业务的服务质量,解决了多网间资源管理优化问题。首先,该模型在对呼叫服务请求做优化决策时,不仅考虑了本网络服务域的可用资源、服务请求的速率以及本系统的长期收益,同时也考虑了其他网络服务域的整体长期收益;其次,通过对所提出的基于异构无线网络多网资源优化管理模型的性能进行理论分析,得到其重要服务质量参数——新呼叫阻塞率;最后,通过仿真比较可以看出,通过该模型获得的优化决策策略能充分利用异构无线网络中各个网络域的资源,不仅提高了资源的利用率,而且在提高网络整体长期收益的同时,也保证了移动服务的服务质量。与资源完全共享算法相比,本方法降低了新呼叫阻塞率。理论分析和实验证明了异构无线网络资源域间资源优化管理方法的有效性、适应性。     

基于预售机制的动态频谱分配算法研究

在认知无线网络环境下,为高效合理地进行频谱资源的管理与分配,引入经济活动中的预售机制,提出了基于预售机制的动态频谱管理(PS-DSM)方案.针对方案频谱市场分级架构及运作流程进行详细阐述,对方案中基础市场(BM)频谱分配细节进行了基于超模博弈方法的分析与仿真,实验结果表明,该方案能有效的减少时延,加快收敛速度,提高频谱利用效率.     

一种新型的认知无线电网络架构

网络宽带化、业务多样化以及现有的固定频谱管理模式使无线网络面临资源日益匮乏的巨大挑战。动态变化的异构网络环境更加剧了资源紧缺和业务需求之间的矛盾,严重制约了现有和未来无线网络的部署和运行。为解决以上难题,首先对现有无线网络协议进行了详细讨论与分析,总结出其自身特点和存在的问题,包括IEEE 802.22认知功能、IEEE 1900.4认知功能和ETSI RRS(重配置无线子系统)认知功能。在深入研究无线网络中认知理论与方法的基础上,提出一种全新的认知无线网络架构模型,包括系统频谱管理、网络规划管理、重配置管理、无线资源管理、认知环处理以及认知信息承载方式。该架构能够更好地协调和支持网络的学习、推理、预测、融合、决策和重构等行为。     

速率期望比较下的宽带频谱接入简化算法

为解决认知无线网络中宽带频谱感知模式的计算量大和感知时间延长等问题,提出了一种基于速率的认知无线网络低复杂度宽带频谱感知算法。在宽带频谱感知的基础上,设定选择条件,对信道的期望传输速率进行比较,确定需要感知的信道,以实现减少认知无线网络次用户系统的信道感知时间和感知计算量的目标。经过仿真实验分析对比表明,该算法可以有效地平衡次用户系统吞吐量最大化和主用户系统的干扰之间的矛盾。     

基于多角度多层次的认知无线电网络安全研究

认知无线电(Cognitive Radio)技术是为了解决无线网络中频谱资源短缺问题而提出来的新兴技术,它的提出有效的缓解了频谱资源短缺问题,但同时也引入了特有的安全威胁,针对认知无线的特点,从整体架构、协议栈和认知行为的多个角度和层次,研究其在无线网络中引入的安全隐患和已有的解决方案,并对认知无线电安全问题做进一步的展望.     

认知无线网络的认知能力保障方法研究综述

认知无线网络通过对无线环境的感知获得频谱空洞信息,并以动态频谱接入为关键技术,机会地使用空闲频谱,与传统的无线网络相比,具有更高的网络通信资源利用率。认知能力作为认知无线网络的本质属性,其安全保障直接关系到认知无线网络的实用化进程。由于网络结构的复杂性、节点的移动性等问题,认知能力在各个认知环节中均面临不同程度的安全威胁。首先从认知循环:认知通信、资源感知、推理决策和服务适配4个环节分析认知能力保障所面临的安全问题以及相应的解决方案,然后总结现有方法的不足和缺陷,提出认知能力保障策略基于信任机制的发展趋势;最后指出未来认知能力保障领域所面临的挑战,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于高阶统计量的压缩宽带频谱盲检测方法

针对认知无线网络中宽带频谱感知受到高速模数转换器(ADC)器件的技术限制,利用压缩感知理论(CS),采用压缩信号处理技术,直接对压缩观测数据进行分析,推导出宽带频谱检测的高阶判决统计量的概率分布特性,并在此基础上提出了一种基于高阶统计量的压缩宽带频谱盲检测算法(HOS-CWSBD).该算法无需任何有关主用户(PU)信号的先验知识、也无需事先重构出原信号就能实现宽带频谱检测.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,与传统的基于压缩感知理论且需要信号重构的压缩频谱感知算法以及基于Nyquist采样数据的非压缩宽带频谱感知算法相比,该算法具有计算复杂度低、感知性能稳定等优点.     

基于机器学习的认知无线网络优化策略

5G的发展带来了终端设备爆炸式增长的现象,使得频谱资源紧缺的问题越加严峻,认知无线网(cognitive radio,CR)的提出,被认为是提高频谱利用率的有效途径。认知无线网,融合了当代无线电通信技术、计算机技术、微电子学技术、软件无线电技术和现代信号处理技术等多学科之长,通过感知周围的电磁环境、学习及理解等方式,自主为用户寻找到当前空闲的频谱,完成信息交互过程。针对频谱资源紧张的现状,为改善频谱分配,首先介绍了有关认知无线网络的概念及其特点,重点介绍了机器学习中遗传算法,强化学习和隐马尔可夫模型在认知无线网络中的应用,并展望了其在认知无线网络中的发展前景。机器学习算法的引入,实现了高效的频谱资源管理,有效地解决了无线频谱资源紧张的问题。     

两类认知用户及信道聚合的认知无线网络研究

针对传统无线网络中固定信道分配中信道资源存在大量浪费,而静态频谱分配模式中频谱资源在时空上的利用率极不平衡的问题,研究认知无线网络,提出一种基于两类认知用户及信道聚合机制的频谱分配策略,建立一个具有可变服务率的多优先级离散时间排队模型,构造三维马尔可夫链。利用性能指标进行数值实验,论证了频谱分配策略在稳定系统性能和节省网络资源方面的有效性。     

基于博弈论的无线宽带网络协作资源管理

未来无线网络将提供高速率多媒体宽带数据业务,为保证传输的可靠性和有效性,协作通信技术被引入到无线网络中。提出一种基于博弈论的无线宽带网络协作资源管理策略。该策略通过确定转发价格和协作资源量求解Nash均衡点,利用Pareto最优理论验证结果的有效性,并运用理论分析方法论证博弈论用于协作资源分配的可行性和合理性。仿真结果表明,与按照确定价格分配协作资源的策略相比,该策略可支持更好的网络性能。     

Opportunistic sharing scheme for spectrum allocation in wireless virtualization

The past few decades have witnessed an increasing growth in mobile and wireless network, leading to a corresponding fast growth in mobile demands. However, the proliferating mobile demands compel wireless network to face several challenges, such as the conflict between spectrum crisis and low resource utilization ratio, and the poor quality of service and quality of experience. Wireless virtualization, enabling multiple concurrent virtual networks running on shared wireless substrate resource, has been proposed as a promising way to overcome the plights of the current mobile and wireless network. How to efficiently allocate the resource, especially the spectrum resource, of physical network to multiple virtual networks is one fundamental and important challenge in wireless virtualization. This paper rethinks the characteristics of virtual networks’ requirements, and then divides the requirement into a baseline part and a fluctuant part. Based on it, this paper introduces an opportunistic spectrum sharing approach, through which we formulate the spectrum resource allocation problem as an NP-Hard problem. Then, we propose our opportunistic spectrum resource allocation scheme for the wireless virtualization. Simulations validate the performance advantages of our approach and show that opportunistic spectrum sharing significantly improves the revenue, resource utilization and acceptance ratio of physical wireless network while decreasing the payments of virtual networks.     

无线网络中需求驱动的动态频谱分配

研究无线网络中协同动态频谱接入模型下的动态频谱分配问题,在考虑基站频谱需求的基础上,将物理干扰模型下的动态频谱分配问题建模为一个非线性优化问题。通过将非线性优化问题转换为线性规划问题,提出一种无线网络中需求驱动的动态频谱分配算法,计算初始频谱分配,并应用迭代增强算法为节点添加多余信道。仿真结果表明,该算法在有效频谱利用率和平均满意度上都优于现有算法。     

Information Flow for Optimized Management of Spectrum and Radio Resources in Cognitive B3G Wireless Networks

The Beyond 3G (B3G) radio landscape will consist of cognitive heterogeneous wireless networks, operating in the framework of diverse co-operative associations among different classes of operators and providers, for the accommodation of the demands of users with multimode and/or multihoming enabled terminals. In this context, the optimized spectrum and radio resource utilization will be key factor for accomplishment of the purposes of both users and operators/providers, namely the satisfaction of user’s needs and the augmentation of profit, respectively. In this paper, we focus on an architecture for the management and optimization of spectrum and radio resource utilization in such composite wireless environments, and we analytically present the respective information flow among and from/to the functional entities involved in this architecture. The proposed management architecture can operate in the framework of different business scenarios and is based on related work that has been conducted within the IEEE 1900.4 standard.     

Efficiency-based multi-item bargaining design in cognitive radio networks with spectrum coordination

This paper studies the spectrum sharing problem with coordination-generated wireless resource for cooperative cognitive radio networks. A new alternating-offer spectrum bargaining framework is introduced with asymmetrically bilaterial wireless resource, in terms of sequential bargaining equilibria for frequency bands for high efficiency or approximate efficiency. In the proposed framework, the role of spectrum bargaining with user diversity can constrain many items with private information for spectrum allocation, thereby aggregating to a current frequency band surplus with spectrum trading to exchange the use in the reform of spectrum regulatory practice. While the users have an incentive in agreeing on a division of resource, they also have an interest in maximizing the amount of resource that it received. Furthermore, we develop an efficiency-based algorithm to explain why spectrum bargaining based on asymmetrical resource information can get little deviation from the first best resource utilization for high efficiency consideration. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-item spectrum bargaining scheme significantly outperforms the existing schemes.     

无线传感器网络密钥预分配与动态分配策略

为了实现无线传感器网络中的安全通讯,需要对传感器结点间传递的信息进行加密。由于受每个传感器结点自身资源的限制,传统网络中使用的密钥分配策略,并不适用于无线传感器网络。文章提出了一种基于结点位置对密钥进行预分配和动态分配相结合的密钥分配策略,通过构造一棵密钥管理树实现了分布式和集中式密钥管理的结合。应用这一策略构建的传感器网络其安全性和连通性有明显提高。     

Dynamic radio resource allocation for 3G and beyond mobile wireless networks

Next generation of wireless cellular networks aim at supporting a diverse range of multimedia services to mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Resource allocation and call admission control (CAC) are key management functions in future 3G and 4G cellular networks, in order to provide multimedia applications to mobile users with QoS guarantees and efficient resource utilization. There are two main strategies for radio resource allocations in cellular wireless networks known as complete partitioning (CP) and complete sharing (CS). In this paper, theses strategies are extended for operation in 3G and beyond network. First, two CS-based call admission controls, referred to herein as queuing priority call admission control (QP-CAC) and hybrid priority call admission control (HP-CAC), and one CP-based call admission control referred to as complete partitioning call admission control (CP-CAC) are presented. Then, this study proposes a novel dynamic procedure, referred to as the dynamic prioritized uplink call admission control (DP-CAC) designed to overcome the shortcomings of CS and CP-based CACs. Results indicate the superiority of DP-CAC as it is able to achieve a better balance between system utilization, revenue, and quality of service provisioning. CS-based algorithms achieve the best system utilization and revenue at the expense of serious unfairness for the traffic classes with diverse QoS requirements. DP-CAC manages to attain equal system utilization and revenue to CS-based algorithms without the drawbacks in terms of fairness and service differentiation.     

An Efficient Resource Allocation Mechanism for LTE–GEPON Converged Networks

Optical–wireless convergence is becoming popular as one of the most efficient access network designs that provides quality of service (QoS) guaranteed, uninterrupted, and ubiquitous access to end users. The integration of passive optical networks (PONs) with next-generation wireless access networks is not only a promising integration option but also a cost-effective way of backhauling the next generation wireless access networks. The QoS performance of the PON–wireless converged network can be improved by taking the advantages of the features in both network segments for bandwidth resources management. In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation mechanism for long term evolution–Gigabit Ethernet PON (LTE–GEPON) converged networks that improves the QoS performance of the converged network. The proposed resource allocation mechanism takes the advantage of the ability to forecast near future packet arrivals in the converged networks. Moreover, it also strategically leverages the inherited features and the frame structures of both the LTE network and GEPON, to manage the available bandwidth resources more efficiently. Using extensive simulations, we show that our proposed resource allocation mechanism improves the delay and jitter performance in the converged network while guarantying the QoS for various next generation broadband services provisioned for both wireless and wired end users. Moreover, we also analyze the dependency between different parameters and the performance of our proposed resource allocations scheme.     

大规模认知无线电网络的时延分析

时延作为无线网络的最基本的性能之一,对网络信息分发、路由协议设计、节点部署等都具有重要意义。与传统的无线网络不同,认知无线电网络的频谱资源具有动态变化性,该特性会对网络时延产生极大的影响。因此,如何对动态频谱环境下的大规模认知无线电网络进行时延分析,是一项很具挑战性的课题。为此,首先对动态频谱环境进行建模,将认知用户的频谱接入过程建模为一个连续时间的马尔可夫链,并建立认知用户的生存函数来量化授权用户活动以及信道数量对频谱环境的影响;其次,将上述模型与首次通过渗流理论结合起来,研究了大规模认知无线电网络时延的伸缩规律,并获取了更为精确的时延与距离比的上限值。理论分析及仿真结果表明,动态频谱环境与密度一样会对时延产生极大影响。研究结论对认知无线电网络的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

Impact of wireless access on traffic management in ATM networks

Traffic management plays an important role in providing differentiated quality of service and supporting the integration of a variety of broadband services within a common ATM network. Wireless ATM access networks are under definition in standards bodies as well as subject of various research activities and first field trials. The nature of the wireless medium requires new protocols that are able to cope with multiple access, error prone wireless channels, and user mobility. When attaching a wireless ATM network to a fixed ATM network proper interaction of traffic and resource management functions throughout both networks is necessary to achieve stringent QoS objectives. In this paper the relation between mobile specific protocols and traffic management functions as well as their mutual impacts are discussed. Three key areas to enable seamless traffic management integration are identified and possible solutions are outlined.