神经网络修正动态GPS卡尔曼滤波算法研究

GPS导航定位系统噪声具有非先验性,而卡尔曼滤波进行最优估计需建立准确的系统模型和观测模型,这导致标准卡尔曼滤波的精度不高。为提高滤波精度,提出了神经网络修正动态GPS卡尔曼滤波算法,采用两个BP神经网络分别在时间更新预测部分及测量更新部分对标准卡尔曼滤波器进行修正,这样既考虑了现实环境的动态变化对系统模型造成的随机干扰影响,又融合了神经网络的自学习性和自适应性,使其对动态环境的扰动具有了自适应能力。仿真研究表明：该算法优于标准卡尔曼滤波器。     

基于循环神经网络和卡尔曼滤波器的多变量混沌时间序列预测

混沌时间序列的鞍点远多于极值点,且容易出现多重共线性问题。对此,提出基于循环深度神经网络和卡尔曼滤波器的时间序列预测算法。利用循环深度神经网络预测高维时间序列,使用实时递归学习算法搜索最小化预测误差的最优网络参数,采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对神经网络进行迭代训练。在线更新循环神经网络的过程中,利用卡尔曼滤波器对循环神经网络的输出权重进行调节,解决多重共线性的问题。实验结果表明,该算法实现了较低的预测误差,并且缓解了高维时间序列的多重共线性问题。     

基于神经网络的城市轨道交通短期客流预测研究

该文结合神经网络来研究城市轨道交通中短期客流预测问题。设计出了基于自回归神经网络的轨道交通客流预测模型、模型描述及其模型训练算法。通过matlab仿真实验来验证预测模型的性能,优于将最小二乘支持向量机与离散一维Daub4小波分析结合起来预测效果。     

基于神经网络的城市轨道交通短期客流预测研究

该文结合神经网络来研究城市轨道交通中短期客流预测问题。设计出了基于自回归神经网络的轨道交通客流预测模型、模型描述及其模型训练算法。通过matlab仿真实验来验证预测模型的性能,优于将最小二乘支持向量机与离散一维Daub4小波分析结合起来预测效果。     

基于改进PSO-LSTM模型的城市轨道交通站点客流预测

城市轨道交通站点的精准短时客流预测可以很好地缓解城市交通拥堵,给城市居民带来更快速、更优质的出行服务.通常短时客流预测随时间的变动而变动,长短时记忆网络能对其进行深度的训练和特点提取.为提升预测性能,以成都轨道交通火车北站为例,设计一种基于改进PSO-LSTM模型的城市轨道交通站点短时客流预测办法.通过实例研究分析,验证了改进后的PSO-LSTM模型在城市轨道交通站点短时客流预测中具有更好的预测性能.     

基于扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法的神经网络训练

神经网络的训练是一种非线性系统的辨识问题,基本粒子滤波算法已被成功用于训练神经网络,但基本粒子滤波算法在建议分布的选择上并没有考虑当前时刻观测值的影响,本文针对该问题提出使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器来生成建议分布。由于扩展卡尔曼滤波器在传递近似建议分布的均值和协方差的过程中充分利用了观测值信息,从而可以更好地描述神经网络权值的后验概率分布。实验结果证明,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器作为建议分布的粒子滤波算法性能明显优于基本粒子滤波算法。     

基于卡尔曼粒子滤波器的人眼跟踪

提出了一种基于卡尔曼粒子滤波器的人眼跟踪算法，该方法利用一种新的二维可变形模板来提取眼睛的精确特征，采用粒子滤波器跟踪人眼。为了进一步提高普通粒子滤波器跟踪的速度和精度，将卡尔曼滤波器引入粒子滤波器中，利用卡尔曼滤波器算法进行采样预测和校正，减少了人眼跟踪中所需的粒子数目，从而达到快速而准确的跟踪目的。最后，用上述方法进行了实验，验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

关于目标跟踪定位的仿真方法研究

研究雷达定位精度和准确性问题,为了解决在目标定位跟踪中由于目标机动引起的无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)误差大和滤波发散问题,提出了一种基于UKF和自适应神经网络-模糊推理系统(ANFIS)的新的目标跟踪定位方法.将自适应神经网络-模糊推理系统应用于目标跟踪系统,利用状态变量的预测误差和预测误差的变化率来自适应地调整卡尔曼滤波器的系统噪声协方差矩阵,实现了模糊推理、神经网络和UKF的有效结合,并应用于雷达目标定位跟踪系统进行仿真.仿真结果表明,方法比UKF有更好的跟踪性能,收敛快,对目标机动有更好的适应能力,为设计提供了依据.     

基于卷积长短时记忆神经网络的城市轨道交通短时客流预测

我国城市轨道交通正处在快速发展阶段,城轨交通短时客流预测对保障运营安全、优化线网结构,进而构建智慧城市具有重要意义.城轨短时客流除了具有周期性、随机性等时间特征之外,跨时段的断面客流具有相似性,并且相邻站点客流之间存在空间联系.对此,充分考虑以上城轨短时客流的时空特征,基于卷积长短时记忆神经网络(ConvLSTM)与自适应k-means聚类算法,提出城轨短时客流预测的深度学习模型k-ConvLSTM,并通过实验对模型关键参数进行寻优;同时,基于深圳市地铁IC卡的真实客流数据对模型的有效性进行检验.结果表明,k-ConvLSTM在均方根误差、绝对误差均值、绝对误差百分比方面,均优于仅考虑时空特征的深度学习模型-----卷积网络(CNN)与长短时记忆网络(LSTM)的并行混合模型和ConvLSTM内嵌式网络模型,仅考虑时间特征的深度学习模型-----LSTM网络和双向长短时记忆网络(Bi-LSTM),以及浅层机器学习模型-----BP神经网络和支持向量回归模型(SVR).     

卡尔曼滤波在激光陀螺信号处理中的应用

各种随机噪声是激光陀螺误差的主要来源;设计了基于激光陀螺漂移数据时间序列模型的卡尔曼滤波器,对激光陀螺漂移数据进行了滤波,并采用Allan方差法分析了滤波结果;结果表明,基于时间序列模型的卡尔曼滤波器有效地减小了随机误差。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Call for papers Special issue on Modeling and control technologies for civil,energy,and power systems

正The control of civil,energy,and power systems presents significant new challenges for modeling and control theory.The purpose of this special issue is to provide a forum for researchers and practical engineers to discuss the recent advances in modeling and control technology development for civil,energy,and power systems.Prospective authors are invited to submit their original contributions with the focus on theory or applications of modeling,control     

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正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate and promote academic exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists everywhere.