一种无线传感器网络及MAC协议设计

支持无线传感器网络的关键技术包括支撑传感器节点工作的操作系统平台设计,以及节点之间的无线通信网络系统设计.本文以当前的普适计算与无线传感器网络的研究为背景,以解决无线传感器网络的关键技术为核心,提出了一种新型的无线传感器网络的应用系统结构的设计,以及传感器节点的设计,并研究了无线传感器网络的MAC层协议的设计准则.     

引入虚拟节点的无线传感器网络ELM定位算法

基于大部分距离无关算法能以改善锚节点比例提高无线传感器网络定位精度,提出了一种引入虚拟节点的无线传感器网络极限学习机(ELM)定位算法.通过引入的虚拟节点,寻找合适的未知节点升级为次锚节点,以增加锚节点比例,提高了定位精度.将ELM应用于节点定位,有效提高了定位的速度和精度,并因其强大的泛化性能,为无线传感器网络节点定位提供了新的思路.仿真结果表明:引入ELM定位算法和虚拟节点,有效提高了定位精度.     

基于UWB的无线传感器网络的设计

介绍基于UWB的无线传感器网络的设计,设计了以高档8位AVR单片机ATmega128L为核心,结合外围传感器和UWB收/发机的传感器节点.以低功耗为显著特点的UWB技术,能够满足无线传感器网络节点低功耗、低硬件复杂度的要求;基于UWB的无线传感器网络能够满足诸多应用的要求.     

基于51MPU的嵌入式无线传感器网络节点设计

无线传感器网络节点技术在无线传感器网络的发展中起着重要的作用,本文介绍了一种利用51内核的MPU和CC2420射频收发芯片构建的无线传感器网络节点,并开发出了基于此节点的协议栈.用户可以很容易地利用该节点扩展传感器模块,并利用协议栈编写应用程序来构建自身所需的应用系统.     

WSN中入侵节点检测的节点测距方法

提出基于节点测距的无线传感器网络（WSN）入侵节点检测算法,用于检测无线传感器网络中是否存在外来的伪造节点。该算法运用节点自身的各种传感器进行节点间测距,通过综合分析测距结果保证该算法能成功检测到网络中存在的伪造节点,检测中不需要网络同步时钟和节点位置信息。该算法可适用于不同规模、不同应用的无线传感器网络。通过理论分析和仿真实验验证了该算法在无线传感器网络节点攻击检测中的有效性和可行性。     

基于无线传感器网络的温室环境监控系统研究

为在完成温室内环境参数的自动采集和调控,设计了基于无线传感器网络的温室环境监控方案.介绍了温室监控系统整体结构,分析了基于CC2431无线传感器网络节点的硬件设计,并在此基础上进行了TinyOS操作系统的移植和节点的软件设计.由于该无线传感器网络节点具有功耗低、体积小、工作可靠、易于扩展等优点,基于该无线传感器网络的温室环境监控方案有很好的应用前景.     

无线传感器网络应用系统最新进展综述

无线传感器网络是由大量小型、低成本的传感器节点组成的多跳无线自组织网络,主要用于采集和传播环境数据.近年来,无线传感器网络已经应用在环境监测、医学研究、军事和日常生活等多个领域.对无线传感器网络应用系统的最新进展进行综述,以应用系统的研究机构、目的、部署时间、路由方式、节点类型、数据采集频率等为出发点进行了详细介绍,并对各应用系统进行分析对比,进而总结了现阶段无线传感器网络应用系统存在的问题,最后展望了今后的发展方向.     

无线传感器网络中的节点协作算法研究

由于受传感器节点存储能量、通信带宽等因素的制约,传统高功耗网络协议无法直接应用在无线传感器网络中.本文根据无线传感器网络的特点,以信息引导技术为研究方法,以最小化能耗为目标,提出了基于信息有效性函数的传感器节点信息协作算法,并通过理论及仿真计算验证该算法的有效性.     

基于能量均衡的无线传感器网络组播路由协议

在无线传感器网络实际应用中,组播技术能够较好地满足网络对资源的要求,但由于能量等多方面的因素限制,使得为无线传感器网络设计一个有效的组播路由变得非常困难.针对无线传感器网络中节点的能量限制,提出一种基于能量均衡树的无线传感器网络组播路由(EBTMR)协议,该协议充分考虑到网络中节点的能耗因素和节点的剩余能量,通过对这2个因素的综合考虑,使得具有较多能量的节点担任组播节点来承担更多的传输任务,为数据流优化路由选择,平衡无线传感器网络中节点的能量消耗,以延长网络的生存时间,仿真结果证明了EBTMR是有效的.     

基于MLE的无线传感器网络APIT定位算法

无线传感器网络作为一种全新的信息获取手段,在众多领域有广泛的应用前景,节点自身的准确定位是无线传感器网络具体应用的前提和基础.提出一种基于MLE的APIT定位算法,并从不同信标节点密度、节点通信半径以及网络平均连通度等方面与质心定位算法进行性能比较,仿真结果表明,该算法使得随机分布状况下节点定位的精度有很大的提高.     

Active node determination for correlated data gathering in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor network applications where data gathered by different sensor nodes is correlated, not all sensor nodes need to be active for the wireless sensor network to be functional. Given that the sensor nodes that are selected as active form a connected wireless network, the inactive sensor nodes can be turned off. Allowing some sensor nodes to be active and some sensor nodes inactive interchangably during the lifecycle of the application helps the wireless sensor network to have a longer lifetime. The problem of determining a set of active sensor nodes in a correlated data environment for a fully operational wireless sensor network can be formulated as an instance of the connected correlation-dominating set problem. In this work, our contribution is twofold; we propose an effective and runtime-efficient iterative improvement heuristic to solve the active sensor node determination problem, and a benefit function that aims to minimize the number of active sensor nodes while maximizing the residual energy levels of the selected active sensor nodes. Extensive simulations we performed show that the proposed approach achieves a good performance in terms of both network lifetime and runtime efficiency.     

Recover Fault Services via Complex Service-to-Node Mappings in Wireless Sensor Networks

With the motivation of seamlessly extending wireless sensor networks to the external environment, service-oriented architecture comes up as a promising solution. However, as sensor nodes are failure prone, this consequently renders the whole wireless sensor network to seriously faulty. When a particular node is faulty, the service on it should be migrated into those substitute sensor nodes that are in a normal status. Currently, two kinds of approaches exist to identify the substitute sensor nodes: the most common approach is to prepare redundancy nodes, though the involved tasks such as maintaining redundancy nodes, i.e., relocating the new node, lead to an extra burden on the wireless sensor networks. More recently, other approaches without using redundancy nodes are emerging, and they merely select the substitute nodes in a sensor node’s perspective i.e., migrating the service of faulty node to it’s nearest sensor node, though usually neglecting the requirements of the application level. Even a few work consider the need of the application level, they perform at packets granularity and don’t fit well at service granularity. In this paper, we aim to remove these limitations in the wireless sensor network with the service-oriented architecture. Instead of deploying redundancy nodes, the proposed mechanism replaces the faulty sensor node with consideration of the similarity on the application level, as well as on the sensor level. On the application level, we apply the Bloom Filter for its high efficiency and low space costs. While on the sensor level, we design an objective solution via the coefficient of a variation as an evaluation for choosing the substitute on the sensor level.     

Adaptive design optimization of wireless sensor networks using genetic algorithms

We present a multi-objective optimization methodology for self-organizing, adaptive wireless sensor network design and energy management, taking into consideration application-specific requirements, communication constraints and energy-conservation characteristics. A precision agriculture application of sensor networks is used as an example. We use genetic algorithms as the optimization tool of the developed system and an appropriate fitness function is developed to incorporate many aspects of network performance. The design characteristics optimized by the genetic algorithm system include the status of sensor nodes (whether they are active or inactive), network clustering with the choice of appropriate clusterheads and finally the choice between two signal ranges for the simple sensor nodes. We show that optimal sensor network designs constructed by the genetic algorithm system satisfy all application-specific requirements, fulfill the existent connectivity constraints and incorporate energy-conservation characteristics. Energy management is optimized to guarantee maximum life span of the network without lack of the network characteristics that are required by the specific application.     

面向声音监测的多媒体传感器节点硬件设计与实现

多媒体传感器网络能够采集和传输信息丰富的音频、视频、图像等多媒体信息,具有十分广泛的应用前景,是近年来无线传感器网络的研究热点。目前,国外多媒体传感器节点主要针对图像传输;国内使用的节点大多都难以满足多媒体信息处理和传输等方面的应用要求。本文针对鄱阳湖鸟类声音监测的应用,设计实现了一种新型的高性能多媒体传感器节点。实验结果表明,由该节点组成的多媒体传感器网络,能有效建立路由,实时地感知和采集网络覆盖区域内的多媒体信息。     

BLOSSOMS: Building Lightweight Optimized Sensor Systems on a Massive Scale

As a joint effort between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the BLOSSOMS sensor network project aims to identify research issues at all levels from practical applications down to the design of sensor nodes. In this project, a heterogeneous sensor array including different types of application-dependent sensors as well as monitoring sensors and intruding sensors are being developed. Application-dependent power-aware communication protocols are also being studied for communications among sensor nodes. An ontology-based middleware is built to relieve the burden of application developers from collecting, classifying and processing messy sensing contexts. This project is also developing a set of tools allowing researchers to model, simulate/emulate, analyze, and monitor various functions of sensor networks.     

BLOSSOMS： Building Lightweight Optimized Sensor Systems on aMassive Scale

As a joint effort between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the BLOSSOMS sensor network project aims to identify research issues at all levels from practical applications down to the design of sensor nodes. In this project, a heterogeneous sensor array including different types of application-dependent sensors as well as monitoring sensors and intruding sensors are being developed. Application-dependent power-aware communication protocols are also being studied for communications among sensor nodes. An ontology-based middleware is built to relieve the burden of application developers from collecting, classifying and processing messy sensing contexts. This project is also developing a set of tools allowing researchers to model, simulate/emulate, analyze, and monitor various functions of sensor networks.     

自适应异构传感网节能优化拓扑控制研究

针对传统的节能优化算法没有充分考虑节点间的通信距离和节点失效后重新分簇等问题,为了延长网络的生存期,提出一种自适应优化异构无线传感器网络拓扑结构控制算法.提出的算法首先基于传输数据跳数和相邻传感器之间通信距离,依据相似三角形几何原理,结合具体应用场景对传感器节点的分簇、成簇等操作进行自适应优化控制.仿真实验表明:改进的...     

三维曲面多移动节点的传感器网络部署算法

目前大多数传感器网络部署研究主要集中在二维平面和三维全空间区域,然而,许多现实世界的应用领域是一个复杂的三维空间曲面,现有的覆盖方法不能取得较好的结果。本文研究三维空间曲面传感器网络部署方法,提出一种三维曲面多移动节点的传感器网络部署算法,采用静态节点和动态节点组成的混合传感器网络,由静态节点估算覆盖空洞的位置和面积,再通过移动节点对覆盖空洞进行依次修复。仿真结果表明,该算法的最终网络覆盖率达到了99%,比3DGA算法提高了6个百分点,比Delaunay算法提高了8.5个百分点,同时降低了网络整体能耗。     

自适应无线传感器网络流量控制研究

无线传感器网络作为一种新型的具有广泛应用前景的无线自组网络,其有效路由协议是目前研究的热点。随着研究和应用不断深入,对传感器网络提出更高的要求：为不同的业务提供有保证的区分服务,同时能在全网范围内实现资源的充分有效利用。然而．随着传感器网络负荷的增加,拥塞将会导致网络性能的大幅下降。采用基于自适应的无线传感器网络流量控制机制,通过对拥塞节点的虚拟代价进行计算和判断,并实时地将虚拟代价发送到发送节点,然后对发送节点进行流量控制,在很大程度上改善网络性能,提高网络服务质量。     

无线传感器网络发展现状研究

无线传感器网络有着广泛的实际应用.近年来出现的体积小、价格便宜并带有智能处理能力的传感器节点,使得可以用大量的传感器节点构建无线通信网络,完成指定的任务.本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络近年来在各个领域的应用以及取得的成果,回顾了有关无线传感器网络几项关键技术的发展现状,同时展望了关键技术的几个未来发展方向.