融合物品信息的社会化推荐算法

大多数社会化推荐算法仅考虑约束用户的特征向量并未限制物品的特征向量对推荐系统性能的影响,针对这一问题,提出了一种融合物品信息的社会化推荐算法。该算法先通过用户与物品的交互图构建物品相似性网络,在此基础上采用随机游走和SkipGram的方法构造出隐性物品相似性网络,再通过图神经网络的方法学习物品隐性相似性网络、社交网络和用户物品交互图,得到用户和物品编码的特征向量,最后在矩阵分解的基础上同时对用户和物品的特征向量做进一步约束,采用迭代更新的方式获取用户和物体最终的特征向量。为验证推荐算法的性能,在FilmTrust、Ciao和Douban数据集上进行实验验证。实验结果表明,所提出的ISGCF算法与经典的推荐算法相比,推荐效果更好,有效地缓解了冷启动问题。     

结合评分和信任关系的社会化推荐算法

针对推荐系统中普遍存在的数据稀疏和冷启动等问题,提出一种综合评分和信任关系的社会化推荐算法。首先对网络中新用户的初始信任值进行合理赋值,有效地解决了新用户的信任冷启动问题。鉴于用户的喜好会受其朋友的影响,推荐模型又利用朋友之间的信任矩阵对用户自身的特征向量进行修正,解决了用户特征向量的精准构建及信任传递问题。实验结果表明,所提算法较传统的社会网络推荐算法在性能上有显著提高。     

一种融合信任和项目卷积描述信息的PMF算法

针对现有概率矩阵分解(PMF)技术的个性化推荐系统在采用社交网络中信任信息时常常忽视项目相关描述文档信息的问题,提出一种融合用户信任和通过卷积网络以获取项目描述等信息的PMF模型.首先,利用用户偏好信息和行为轨迹信息构建一种新的信任网络;然后,通过卷积神经网络从项目描述文档中提取项目潜在的特征向量;最后,在概率矩阵分解过程中同时利用评分数据、信任网络中用户的信任信息和项目的描述信息,计算用户和项目的潜在特征向量以预测评分并进行个性化推荐.为验证算法的有效性,选择3种算法在4个数据集上进行对比,实验结果表明所提出的算法在推荐精确度和鲁棒性方面优于其他3种算法.     

融合显隐式反馈协同过滤的差分隐私保护算法

由于协同过滤推荐算法依赖用户的数据,因而存在很大的隐私泄露风险.差分隐私保护技术可提供严格的隐私保护效果,但目前大多数基于差分隐私的推荐算法没有考虑隐式反馈数据,针对该问题,提出了一种新的基于差分隐私保护的协同过滤推荐算法.首先对隐式反馈矩阵进行矩阵分解,得到用户和物品的隐式特征向量;然后把得到的隐式特征向量融合到显式反馈模型求解中,通过在模型求解过程中加入均值扰动和梯度扰动,使算法满足ε-差分隐私保护;最后应用此算法预测评分,并在MovieLens数据集上对算法进行有效性评价.实验结果表明,所提算法能在推荐结果的准确性和用户的隐私保护之间实现有效的平衡.     

基于作者权威值的论文价值预测算法

论文引用网络是一个动态变化的网络,不断有新的论文加入引用网络中.传统的论文评 价标准如引用次数、PageRank值等"终身评价标准"存在排挤新结点的问题,如何在海量论文中寻找有 价值、被持续关注的论文,成为人们感兴趣的问题. Sayyadi提出了FutureRank算法,该算法通过预测论文未来"一段时间"的被引次数排名和PageRank值排 名来达到这一目的.但FutureRank算法需提前计算PageRank值,要耗费大量运算时间.据此,我们尝 试在不计算论文现有PageRank值的条件下,从论文的撰写者以及引用者的权威值的角度来预测论文未来 的被引次数排名和PageRank值排名.实验结果表明,我们的算法与FutureRank相比,不但缩短了运算时间,而且提高了预测准确率.     

基于Widrow-Hoff神经网络的多指标推荐算法

为解决传统的协同过滤推荐算法不能综合运用多个指标进行推荐的问题,通过引入多指标评分的概念对标准的协同过滤推荐算法进行扩展,提出一种基于Widrow-Hoff神经网络的多指标推荐算法。利用Widrow-Hoff最小二乘法自适应算法在进行系统辨识时的高精度拟合特性,提出一种基于Widrow-Hoff最小二乘法算法的用户偏好特征向量计算方法。利用用户偏好特征向量和空间距离矩阵度量用户相似度,以定位邻居集并为用户推荐最优项目。实验结果表明,本文算法可提高推荐精度,改进推荐质量。     

面向领域的学术文献检索框架

在学术文献检索中,如果检索系统根据用户提交的查询返回相关领域的文献,并将文献按重要程度进行排序,可以帮助用户快速了解相关学术领域.提出一个面向领域的学术文献检索框架,结合引用网络分析和内容分析来发现并排序相关领域重要文献.该框架设计了一个评分函数进行检索,包含两个方面:(1)论文在所查询领域的重要性;(2)论文与该领域的相关性.首先研究了一个“社区核”发现算法,从引用网络上发现和查询领域相关的一个文献子集,并对论文计算重要性评分.设计了一种有监督非负矩阵分解算法,该算法使用确定的领域相关文献为先验知识对其他论文进行分类并给出一个评分,以确定论文和查询学术领域的相关性.在真实数据集和合成数据集上的实验,证实了方法的有效性.     

基于自适应提升的概率矩阵分解算法

针对推荐系统中概率矩阵分解模型(PMF)泛化能力(对新用户和物品的推荐性能)较差、预测准确性不高的问题,提出一种新的基于自适应提升的概率矩阵分解算法(AdaBoostPMF)。该算法首先为每个样本分配样本权重;然后根据PMF中的每一轮随机梯度下降法学习用户和物品特征向量,并计算总体预测误差均值和标准差。从全局的角度利用AdaBoost思想自适应调整样本权重,使算法更注重学习预测误差较大的样本;最后对预测误差分配样本权重,让用户和物品特征向量找到更合适的优化方向。相比传统的PMF算法,AdaBoostPMF算法能够将预测精度平均提高约2.5%。实验结果表明,该算法通过加权预测误差较大的样本,能够较好地拟合用户特征向量和物品特征向量,提高预测精度,可以有效地应用于研究个性化推荐。     

基于状态空间模型和概率矩阵分解的推荐算法

传统的矩阵分解算法在时间上将全部训练数据作为整体进行计算以获得用户兴趣特征,忽略了用户兴趣漂移问题。针对此问题,提出一种基于状态空间模型和概率矩阵分解的推荐算法。首先将用户兴趣特征向量与用户评分数据的矩阵分解映射到线性高斯状态空间中;然后使用EM算法和卡尔曼滤波器对模型参数进行动态求解;最后根据前后获得用户兴趣特征向量确认用户兴趣是否发生漂移,并进行相应推荐。实验结果表明,该算法与传统的矩阵分解推荐算法相比,能更好地感知用户兴趣漂移,提高推荐质量。     

复杂网络环境下基于信任传递的推荐模型研究

针对推荐系统中普遍存在的数据稀疏和冷启动等问题,本文结合用户自身评分与用户的社会信任关系构建推荐模型,提出了一种基于信任关系传递的社会网络推荐算法（Trust transition recommendation model,TTRM）.该方法首先通过计算信任网络中节点的声望值与偏见值来发现信任网络中的不可信节点,并通过对其评分权重进行弱化来减轻其对信任网络产生的负面影响.其次,算法又利用朋友的信任矩阵对用户自身的特征向量进行修正,解决了用户特征向量的精准构建及信任传递问题.同时为了实现修正误差的最小化,算法利用推荐特性进行用户相似度计算并通过带有社会正则化约束的矩阵分解技术实现社会网络推荐.实验结果表明,TTRM算法较传统的社会网络推荐算法在性能上具有显著提高.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。