一种基于程序段的动态电压缩放算法

动态电压缩放技术是一种能有效优化处理器能耗的方法,它允许处理器在运行时动态地改变其时钟频率和供电电压.针对处理器提出了一种基于程序段的动态电压缩放算法PBVSA,该算法使用建立在指令工作集签名基础上的程序段监测状态机来判断程序段是否发生变化,并作出CPU电压和频率调整决定,在程序段内,通过计算该段的频率缩放因子β(片外工作时间与片上工作时间的比例关系)来设定CPU的电压和频率,在sim-panalyzer模拟器上完成了算法的实现,通过对Mibench测试程序集的测试表明:该算法平均降低了处理器29%的能耗,而性能损失平均为5.3%.     

多核结构片上网络性能-能耗分析及优化方法

文中探讨了片上网络在执行真实并行程序时的能耗和性能关系,并提出了一种能耗/性能优化方法.首先,文中提出了一种精确的性能-能耗模型,在性能和能耗模型中同时划分出与频率相关和与频率无关的因素,并分析其对性能和能耗的影响;其次,在性能-能耗模型中建立并行开销、片外访存开销与片上网络规模(节点数)、频率之间的关系,同时引入了并行度、通信模型等与应用相关的因素,使该模型能够同时表达软硬件特性;第三,文中提出了一种基于该性能-能耗模型的性能-能耗优化方法,通过采集程序的通信模型、访存消息数量等数据选择适当的频率和网络节点数来获得片上网络能耗最低值或处理器性能最大值.最后,文中采用8个PARSEC并行程序验证前述模型的准确性并评价性能-能耗优化方法,结果显示文中性能-能耗模型相比传统模型更加精确吻合实验测量结果,性能-能耗优化方法也有效适用于不同种类的并行程序.     

一种基于电压岛的NoC低能耗路由算法

针对基于电压频率岛的片上网络路由算法通信能耗高的问题,提出一种确定性路由算法.应用遗传算法综合考虑电压岛的电压和频率对能耗与延迟的影响,在满足时延约束的条件下得到能耗较低的确定性路由路径,降低通信能耗.通过对遗传算法罚函数的改进,减少通信热点.实验结果表明,与已有算法相比,该算法以少量的硬件开销为代价,可得到通信能耗和通信热点两方面的优化.     

一种新的基于动态电压调整的单任务调度方法

合理运用动态电压调整技术可以有效降低实时任务运行所需的能耗.提出了一种新的单任务DVS调度方法,针对程序的平均执行信息,并结合参数化动态预测策略,合理设置电压/频率调整点.实验结果表明,该方法能够充分利用动态松弛时间,有效控制调整开销,实现较高的能耗优化率.     

单处理器多外设实时系统全局能耗优化算法研究

在电池供电的实时嵌入式系统中,能耗是系统设计的一个重要研究问题.动态电压调度和动态电源管理是两种重要的节能技术.前者是动态改变处理器电压/频率,降低处理器能耗;而后者是动态调整片外设备的工作模式,减少片外设备能耗.目前只有少量研究把这两种技术综合在一起.本文研究支持这两种技术的嵌入式全系统实时任务节能调度问题.针对连续和离散处理器频率模型,论文分别提出高效的算法,通过计算系统运行的能耗最小处理器最优频率和设备最优空闲时间,来实现全系统综合节能的目的.实验模拟表明本文算法大大优于其他算法.     

移动云计算任务交互图的能效映射与调度

为了降低移动设备的能耗,移动应用可分解为多个互联模块,构建为任务交互图TIG结构,并卸载至云端资源上执行。多数已有研究仅在任务调度阶段以动态电压/频率调整手段进行能量优化,忽略了任务-资源映射阶段。基于此,在任务-资源映射阶段和资源频率分配阶段中同步进行能量优化,设计一种基于二次分派问题QAP的调度算法。任务-资源映射阶段中,计算最差全局松弛时间,并将其分配至整个TIG中的任务。资源频率分配阶段中,通过动态电压/频率调整,在不超过局部期限的同时减慢任务执行,实现能效优化。实验结果表明,在该算法下进行的任务卸载,平均可以为移动设备节省约35%的能耗。     

基于两级遗传算法的特定应用片上网络拓扑优化

大规模片上系统面临着性能、同步、能耗等方面的通信问题,片上网络为复杂的片上系统通信问题提供了一种有效的解决方案。由于网络拓扑优化是一种NP难问题,针对片上系统主要面向特定应用的特点,提出一种基于两级遗传算法来求解特定应用片上网络的拓扑优化问题近似解。实验结果表明,相对于现有的三级遗传,两级遗传算法在最小能耗上平均有1.1%的改进,而且仿真运行时间大大减少,平均减少97%.     

商用处理器上针对能耗优化的DVFS调节机制

针对动态电压频率调节(DVFS)对应用程序运行时性能与功耗的影响,基于区间划分方法,使用现有商用处理器提供的性能监测单元,提出一种考虑访存延迟变化的DVFS性能预测模型,并利用该模型实现针对能耗优化的DVFS调节机制(eDVFS)。实验结果表明,与Linux内核提供的ondemand调节策略相比,该eDVFS调节机制能够获得最大23%、平均6.85%的能耗优化。     

面向能耗优化的容错实时系统任务调度模型研究

为了支持面向能耗优化的容错实时任务调度算法研究,提出一种频率相关的时间Petri网—FRTPN.FRTPN引入用于动态电压调整的变迁频率设置空间以及和频率相关的静态引发时域,以支持调度算法的能耗评估及优化;同时它增加一类抑制弧刻画容错故障恢复过程.通过对基于检查点的容错实时能耗优化任务调度进行建模证明了FRTPN的有效性.     

面向高性能业务应用的基于剖视信息的系统能耗优化

当前,很多部门使用高性能计算机周期性地进行业务性的数值计算。维护这些业务系统的主要代价是每天消耗的大量电能,降低能量消耗能够极大地降低维护业务系统的成本。高性能业务系统的核心是微处理器,当前,微处理器普遍支持动态电压调节技术。该技术通过降低微处理器的电压和频率减小微处理器的能耗,但是一般会导致系统性能的下降。提出了一种面向高性能业务应用的能量优化技术。该技术利用系统支持的多个频率层次,建立性能约束下的能量优化模型,优化业务应用的能耗。根据程序信息获取方式的差别,提出了SEOM 和 CEOM 两种能量优化模型,SEOM模型的程序信息可以直接测试获取,CEOM的程序信息采用编译器插桩方法获取。使用典型平台对能耗优化效果进行了验证,最多可节省12%的能耗。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate