基于分簇的无线传感器网络数据汇聚传送协议

提出了一种基于分簇的无线传感器网络数据汇聚传送协议CDAT(a cluster-based data aggregation and transmission protocol for wireless sensor networks).CDAT通过均衡能耗的分簇方法及数据预测传送机制,可以有效延长网络的生命期.在簇头选取阶段,利用应用期望的无缝覆盖率与所需簇头数的数学关系,限制节点竞选簇头的初始概率,并联合节点的度和剩余能量来选取簇头;在数据聚合阶段,簇头广播消息,接收所有加入该簇的成员节点,然后对簇内数据进行聚合;在数据传送阶段,利用数据在时间上的相关性,簇头在满足传送精度的要求下,采用预测传送机制将数据传送给基站,通过该机制,网络有效地减少了数据传送的次数.理论分析和模拟实验结果表明,CDAT协议在满足应用期望的服务质量要求下,通过均衡能耗、减少数据传送次数,使得网络生命期优于LEACH(low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy),PEGASIS(power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems)等协议.     

基于分簇的无线传感器网络数据汇聚传送协议

提出了一种基于分簇的无线传感器网络数据汇聚传送协议CDAT(a cluster-based data aggregation and transmission protocol for wireless sensor networks).CDAT 通过均衡能耗的分簇方法及数据预测传送机制,可以有效 延长网络的生命期.在簇头选取阶段,利用应用期望的无缝覆盖率与所需簇头数的数学关系,限制节点竞选簇头的初 始概率,并联合节点的度和剩余能量来选取簇头;在数据聚合阶段,簇头广播消息,接收所有加入该簇的成员节点,然后对簇内数据进行聚合;在数据传送阶段,利用数据在时间上的相关性,簇头在满足传送精度的要求下,采用预测传 送机制将数据传送给基站,通过该机制,网络有效地减少了数据传送的次数.理论分析和模拟实验结果表明,CDAT 协 议在满足应用期望的服务质量要求下,通过均衡能耗、减少数据传送次数,使得网络生命期优于LEACH(low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy),PEGASIS(power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems)等协议.     

一种新的高能效无线传感器网络数据收集协议

为了更好地节省无线传感器网络的能量消耗,完成网络数据收集的使命,提出了一种新的高能效无线传感器网络数据收集协议(novel energy-efficient data gathering protocol,NDGP)。协议中簇生成阶段确定了近优簇半径、簇内工作节点数量的计算依据。以此为基础,节点综合自身剩余能量和到基站的距离竞争簇首,簇首在保证簇内覆盖率的前提下,选择关闭冗余节点,以达到网络节能的效果;接着以基站为中心按层往外有序地完成簇间多跳路由的建立。与另外两种数据收集协议(LEACH,DEEC-MR)进行仿真对比,结果表明NDGP能生成簇分布均匀的网络拓扑,有效降低了网络的运行能耗,延长了网络寿命。     

基于能量感知的双簇头数据收集协议

针对无线传感器网络的簇结构中簇头节点消耗能量过快而容易成为死亡节点的问题,提出了一种能量感知的双簇头数据收集协议EADC,通过在簇内增加一个副簇头来负责主簇头节点的数据转发功能,分担了主簇头的能量消耗,使主簇头成为死亡节点的概率降低,从而有效延长了网络寿命。实验分析结果表明,与EADEEG算法相比,EADC能够将死亡节点出现的时间有效延长30轮,使网络使用寿命明显延长。     

HDEEC：面向异构网络的一种基于簇路由协议

有效地使用传感节点的能量进而延长网络寿命成为设计无线传感网路由协议的一项挑战性的工作.为了延长网络,现存的多数簇方案是面向同构网络.为此,面向异构网络,提出基于簇的分布式能量有效路由HDEEC(heterogeneous WSN distributed energy-efficient clustering)协议.HDEEC协议首先提出异构网络模型,考虑了普通节点、特优节点和超特优节点三级能量节点;然后,提出能量消耗模型;最后依据这两个模型,提出了簇头选择方案.HDEEC协议以平衡、有效方式动态改变节点被选为簇头的概率.仿真结果表明,提出的HDEEC协议能够有效延长网络寿命,比DEEC、DDEEC的网络寿命分别提高了72％、68％.     

一种节能的无线传感器网络路由协议的设计与实现

在无线传感器网络的路由协议中,基于簇的路由协议在拓扑管理、能量利用、数据融合等方面具有优势。本文针对目前已有协议能量消耗大、网络寿命短等问题,提出了一种能量感知的基于分布式簇算法的无线传感器网络协议EA-HEED。此协议改进了分布式的簇头选举算法,分配时分复用时隙并在簇头节点建立一棵路由树,从而提高簇头选举效率;设计了休眠冗余节点的簇内活动节点调度算法,减少能耗;采用考虑节点能量和节点与基站距离的簇头节点组织路由树方法、最小化网络开销以及能量负载平衡方法,优化路由协议,有效延长网络寿命。仿真结果表明,与LEACH和HEED协议相比,EAHEED协议可以进一步延长网络寿命。     

基于最优分簇的能量异构无线传感器网络路由协议

为了进一步均衡网络能耗,延长网络生命周期,提出了一种基于最优分簇的能量异构无线传感器网络路由协议(OCRP).OCRP协议考虑了最优簇首数K,将待测区域划分为K个固定分区,优化了成簇过程;在簇首选择阶段,充分考虑了节点的剩余能量、整个网络的能量以及节点与基站之间的距离,改进了簇头选举机制.仿真结果表明,该协议在延长网络寿命和能量消耗方面的性能优于EH-LEACH和DEEC路由协议.     

无线传感器网络能量异构非均匀分簇路由协议

基于分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议,采用多跳路由方式传输数据至基站,容易造成靠近基站的节点转发大量数据而过早失效。另外,分簇协议通常假定网络节点是能量同构的,不能有效解决节点能量异构的问题。因此,从非均匀分簇的角度出发,结合局部竞争簇首机制,提出了一种基于能量异构的分簇协议（EHUC）。仿真结果表明该协议能够有效应用于能量异构的无线传感器网络,并延长网络的生命周期。     

能量均衡的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议?

提出了一种能量高效均衡、非均匀分簇和簇间多跳路由有机结合的无线传感器网络分布式分簇路由协议DEBUC(distributed energy-balanced unequal clustering routing protocol).该协议采用基于时间的簇头竞争算法,广播时间取决于候选簇头的剩余能量和其邻居节点的剩余能量.同时,通过控制不同位置候选簇头的竞争范围,使得距离基站较近的簇的几何尺寸较小.这样,网络中不同位置节点之间的簇内和簇间通信能耗得以互相补偿.DEBUC 采用簇间多跳路由,根据节点剩余能量、簇内通信代价和簇间通信代价,每个簇头在邻居簇头集合中运用贪婪算法选择其中继节点.仿真实验结果表明,DEBUC能够有效地节约单个节点能量、均衡网络能耗、延长网络生存周期.     

能量均衡的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议

提出了一种能量高效均衡、非均匀分簇和簇间多跳路由有机结合的无线传感器网络分布式分簇路由协议DEBUC(distributed energy-balanced unequal clustering routing protocol).该协议采用基于时间的簇头竞争算法,广播时间取决于候选簇头的剩余能量和其邻居节点的剩余能量.同时,通过控制不同位置候选簇头的竞争范围,使得距离基站较近的簇的几何尺寸较小.这样,网络中不同位置节点之间的簇内和簇间通信能耗得以互相补偿.DEBUC采用簇间多跳路由,根据节点剩余能量、簇内通信代价和簇间通信代价,每个簇头在邻居簇头集合中运用贪婪算法选择其中继节点.仿真实验结果表明,DEBUC能够有效地节约单个节点能量、均衡网络能耗、延长网络生存周期.     

An energy-efficient protocol for data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks

Data gathering is a major function of many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The most important issue in designing a data gathering algorithm is how to save energy of sensor nodes while meeting the requirement of applications/users such as sensing area coverage. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical clustering protocol (DEEG) for long-lived sensor network. DEEG achieves a good performance in terms of lifetime by minimizing energy consumption for in-network communications and balancing the energy load among all the nodes, the proposed protocol achieves a good performance in terms of network lifetime. DEEG can also handle the energy hetergenous capacities and guarantee that out-network communications always occur in the subregion with high energy reserved. Furthermore, it introduces a simple but efficient approach to cope with the area coverage problem. We evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol using a simple temperature sensing application. Simulation results show that our protocol significantly outperforms LEACH and PEGASIS in terms of network lifetime and the amount of data gathered.

A power- and coverage-aware clustering scheme for wireless sensor networks

A common and critical operation for wireless sensor networks is data gathering. The efficient clustering of a sensor network that can save energy and improve coverage efficiency is an important requirement for many upper layer network functions. This study concentrates on how to form clusters with high uniformity while prolonging the network lifetime. A novel clustering scheme named power- and coverage- aware clustering (PCC) is proposed, which can adaptively select cluster heads according to a hybrid of the nodes' residual energy and loyalty degree. Additionally, the PCC scheme is independent of node distribution or density, and it is free of node hardware limitations, such as self-locating capability and time synchronization. Experiment results show that the scheme performs well in terms of cluster size (and its standard deviation), number of nodes alive over time, total energy consumption, etc.     

DLRDG: distributed linear regression-based hierarchical data gathering framework in wireless sensor network

For many applications in wireless sensor network (WSN), the gathering of the holistic sensor measurements is difficult due to stringent constraint on network resources, frequent link, indeterminate variations in sensor readings, and node failures. As such, sensory data extraction and prediction technique emerge to exploit the spatio-temporal correlation of measurements and represent samples of the true state of the monitoring area at a minimal communication cost. In this paper, we present DLRDG strategy, a distributed linear regression-based data gathering framework in clustered WSNs. The framework can realize the approximate representation of original sensory data by less than a prespecified threshold while significantly reducing the communication energy requirements. Cluster-head (CH) nodes in WSN maintain linear regression model and use historical sensory data to perform estimation of the actual monitoring measurements. Rather than transmitting original measurements to sink node, CH nodes communicate constraints on the model parameters. Relying on the linear regression model, we improved the CH node function of representative EADEEG (an energy-aware data gathering protocol for WSNs) protocol for estimating the energy consumption of the proposed strategy, under specific settings. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed framework can implement sensory data prediction and extracting with tolerable error bound. Furthermore, the designed framework can achieve more energy savings than other schemes and maintain the satisfactory fault identification rate on case of occurrence of the mutation sensor readings.     

ECDC: An energy and coverage-aware distributed clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks

Clustering for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an effective scheme in utilizing sensor nodes energy and extending the network lifetime, while coverage preservation is one of the most essential issues to guarantee the quality of service (QoS). However, the coverage problem has not been well understood so far. For mission-critical applications of networks, it is crucial to consider coverage requirements when we select cluster heads and routing nodes for the clustering topology. In this paper, we propose the ECDC (Energy and Coverage-aware Distributed Clustering Protocol), an integrated protocol involving both energy and coverage, which is different from previous clustering protocols. For different practical applications, we design corresponding coverage importance metrics and introduce them into the clustering algorithm. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our protocol is effective in improving network coverage performance, reducing nodes energy dissipation and extending the network lifetime.     

一种新颖的传感器网络聚类路由协议

提出了一种能量有效的基于聚类的传感器网络路由协议-EEHCA(an Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithmfor wireless sensor networks)。该协议通过最小化通信能量消耗并在所有节点之间实现能量消耗负载平衡的方式,达到了延长传感器网络生存时间的目的。协议提出了一种新颖的簇首确定机制,该机制可以避免感知区域内的节点进行频繁的簇首选举,从而节约了能量。为提高传感器网络的容错性能,引入了备用簇首的概念。在簇首与基站通信方面,采用多跳传输的方式进行,从而避免了距离基站较远的簇首进行长距离通信时所造成的能量过早耗尽的问题。仿真结果表明提出的协议拥有比LEACH和HEED协议更长的网络生存时间。     

基于分簇机制的移动无线传感器网络数据采集协议*

为了均衡无线传感器网络的能量消耗,提出了一种基于分簇机制的移动无线传感器网络数据采集协议。该协议中,整个网络使用网格均匀分簇,节点根据加权能量—邻居规则选出分布在簇中间区域的簇头,簇头负责收集簇内兴趣事件并进行数据融合,移动sink依次运动到簇的中心点位置收集簇内兴趣事件。仿真结果表明,该协议有效地均衡了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络的生存时间。     

高效节能的传感器网络数据收集和聚合协议

提出了一种分布式的高效节能的传感器网络数据收集和聚合协议DEEG.此协议中节点自主地根据其剩余能量以及邻居节点的信号强度来竞争簇头,同时为了减小簇头节点的能量开销,簇头之间以多跳方式将收集到的数据发送到指定的簇头节点,然后通过该节点将整个网络收集的数据发送到基站.此外,该协议还提出了一种简单的簇覆盖方法,使得当节点密度提高时,传感器网络寿命相应于节点数量呈线性增长.实验证明,在没有使用簇覆盖方法的情况下,DEEG协议与其他两种数据收集和聚合协议(LEACH,PEGASIS)相比,在最好情况下,其网络寿命分别提高达1800%和300%,并且由于DEEG协议使得所有节点集中于最后40轮内全部死亡(网络寿命定义为最后一个节点死亡),因此,使用DEEG协议的传感器网络其监测结果具有很高的可靠性.     

Balancing Energy Consumption to Maximize Network Lifetime in Data-Gathering Sensor Networks

Unbalanced energy consumption is an inherent problem in wireless sensor networks characterized by multihop routing and many-to-one traffic pattern, and this uneven energy dissipation can significantly reduce network lifetime. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing network lifetime through balancing energy consumption for uniformly deployed data-gathering sensor networks. We formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an optimal transmitting data distribution problem by combining the ideas of corona-based network division and mixed-routing strategy together with data aggregation. We first propose a localized zone-based routing scheme that guarantees balanced energy consumption among nodes within each corona. We then design an offline centralized algorithm with time complexity O(n) (n is the number of coronas) to solve the transmitting data distribution problem aimed at balancing energy consumption among nodes in different coronas. The approach for computing the optimal number of coronas in terms of maximizing network lifetime is also presented. Based on the mathematical model, an energy-balanced data gathering (EBDG) protocol is designed and the solution for extending EBDG to large-scale data-gathering sensor networks is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that EBDG significantly outperforms conventional multihop transmission schemes, direct transmission schemes, and cluster-head rotation schemes in terms of network lifetime.     

HACH: Heuristic Algorithm for Clustering Hierarchy protocol in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require energy management protocols to efficiently use the energy supply constraints of battery-powered sensors to prolong its network lifetime. This paper proposes a novel Heuristic Algorithm for Clustering Hierarchy (HACH), which sequentially performs selection of inactive nodes and cluster head nodes at every round. Inactive node selection employs a stochastic sleep scheduling mechanism to determine the selection of nodes that can be put into sleep mode without adversely affecting network coverage. Also, the clustering algorithm uses a novel heuristic crossover operator to combine two different solutions to achieve an improved solution that enhances the distribution of cluster head nodes and coordinates energy consumption in WSNs. The proposed algorithm is evaluated via simulation experiments and compared with some existing algorithms. Our protocol shows improved performance in terms of extended lifetime and maintains favourable performances even under different energy heterogeneity settings.     

EECS:一种无线传感器网络中节能的聚类方案

在无线传感器网络中,节点聚类是一种有效的拓扑控制手段,可以增加网络的可扩展性以及延长网络寿命。LEACH是一个经典的延长网络寿命的聚类协议。提出了一种新颖的聚类策略EECS,它适用于周期性的数据收集应用。在聚类首领选举阶段本策略选取小部分节点参加竞选,采用无迭代过程的局部通信方式,而且总是选取剩余能量较多的节点担任聚类首领。进一步,在聚类建立阶段它创新地使用了一种聚类首领负载均衡的方法。EECS协议具有控制消息开销小,聚类在空间上分布近似均匀,网络能量有效利用率高等特点。模拟结果表明,与LEACH协议在相同假设的基础上,EECS方案延长网络寿命35%以上。