一种新颖的图像水印嵌入方法

An novel embedding method for image watermark based on wavelet transform is proposed. With this method ,the value of each pels is modified directly,so that a bit of watermark information is embedded in every pel-s. Before emeded,the original image is decomposed by wavelet transform,and then,a correlation mask for every imagepels is confirmed by the characteristic and tree structure ralation of the wavelet coefficients. At last, the modified val-ue of every pels is controlled by its corresponding mask for watermark information embedded. The experimental re-sults show that the embedded digital watermarks with this proposed method are invisible and robust enough againstthe commonly used image processing techniques.     

A New Content-Based Digital Audio Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection

Digital audio watermarking embeds inaudible information into digital audio data for the purposes of copyright protection, ownership verification, coven communication, and/or auxiliary data carrying. In this paper, we present a novel watermarking scheme to embed a meaningful gray image into digital audio by quantizing the wavelet coefficients （using integer lifting wavelet transform） of audio samples. Our audiodependent watermarking procedure directly exploits temporal and frequency perceptual masking of the human auditory system （HAS） to guarantee that the embedded watermark image is inaudible and robust. The watermark is constructed by utilizing still image compression technique, breaking each audio clip into smaller segments, selecting the perceptually significant audio segments to wavelet transform, and quantizing the perceptually significant wavelet coefficients. The proposed watermarking algorithm can extract the watermark image without the help from the original digital audio signals. We also demonstrate the robustness of that watermarking procedure to audio degradations and distortions, e.g., those that result from noise adding, MPEG compression, low pass filtering, resampling, and requantization.     

Image-adaptive and Robust Digital Wavelet-domain Watermarking for Images

We propose a new frequency domain wavelet based watermarking technique. The key idea of our scheme is twofold： multire solution representation of image and odd-even quantization embedding/extracting watermark. Because many complementary watermarks need to be hidden, the watermark image designed is image-adaptive. The meaningful and complementary watermark images was embedded into the original image （host image） by odd-even quantization modifying coefficients, which was selected from the detail wavelet coefficients of the original image, if their magnitudes are larger than their corresponding Just Noticeable Difference thresholds. The tests show good robustness against best-known uttacks such as noise addition, image compression, median filtering, clipping as well as geometric transforms. Further research may improve the performance by refining JND thresholds.     

A Novel VLSI Architecture for Real-Time Line-Based Wavelet Transform Using Lifting Scheme

In this paper, we propose a VLSI architecture that performs the line-based discrete wavelet transform （DWT） using a lifting scheme. The architecture consists of row processors, column processors, an intermediate buffer and a control module. Row processor and Column processor work as the horizontal and vertical filters respectively. Intermediate buffer is composed of five FIFOs to store temporary results of horizontal filter. Control module schedules the output order to external memory. Compared with existing ones, the presented architecture parallelizes all levels of wavelet transform to compute multilevel DWT within one image transmission time, and uses no external but one intermediate buffer to store several line results of horizontal filtering, which decreases resource required significantly and reduces memory efficiently. This architecture is suitable for various real-time image/video applications.     

Super-Resolution image Reconstruction Based on Iteration and Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we provide a super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm based on wavelet transform. Wavelet transform can separate high frequency and low frequency information of image. The more high frequency information can be obtained by using wavelet transform and the technique of image fusion. Meanwhile, reconstructed super-resolution image is produced by the iterative method. In iteration process, noise of image can be suppressed by applying method of wavelet threshold de-noising. The experiment results show that the algorithm can overcome the disadvantage of the classical interpolation method and effectively improve the resolution and PSNR of the image.     

A wavelet packet based block-partitioning image coding algorithm with rate-distortion optimization

As an elegant generalization of wavelet transform, wavelet packet （WP） provides an effective representation tool for adaptive waveform analysis. Recent work shows that image-coding methods based on WP decomposition can achieve significant gain over those based on a usual wavelet transform. However, most of the work adopts a tree-structured quantization scheme, which is a successful technique for wavelet image coding, but not appropriate for WP subbands. This paper presents an image-coding algorithm based on a rate-distortion optimized wavelet packet decomposition and on an intraband block-partitioning scheme. By encoding each WP subband separately with the block-partitioning algorithm and the JPEG2000 context modeling, the proposed algorithm naturally avoids the difficulty in defining parent-offspring relationships for the WP coefficients, which has to be faced when adopting the tree-structured quanUzation scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms SPIHT and JPEG2000 schemes and also surpasses state-of-the-art WP image coding algorithms, in terms of both PSNR and visual quality.     

A robust watermarking algorithm based on QR factorization and DCT using quantization index modulation technique

We propose a robust digital watermarking algorithm for copyright protection.A stable feature is obtained by utilizing QR factorization and discrete cosine transform(DCT) techniques,and a meaningful watermark image is embedded into an image by modifying the stable feature with a quantization index modulation(QIM) method.The combination of QR factorization,DCT,and QIM techniques guarantees the robustness of the algorithm.Furthermore,an embedding location selection method is exploited to select blocks with small modifications as the embedding locations.This can minimize the embedding distortion and greatly improve the imperceptibility of our scheme.Several standard images were tested and the experimental results were compared with those of other published schemes.The results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can achieve not only better imperceptibility,but also stronger robustness against common signal processing operations and lossy compressions,such as filtering,noise addition,scaling,sharpening,rotation,cropping,and JPEG/JPEG2000 compression.     

A Feature-based Robust Digital Image Watermarking Against Desynchronization Attacks

In this paper,a new content-based image watermarking scheme is proposed.The Harris-Laplace detector is adopted to extract feature points,which can survive a variety of attacks.The local characteristic regions (LCRs) are adaptively constructed based on scale-space theory.Then,the LCRs are mapped to geometrically invariant space by using image normalization technique.Finally, several copies of the digital watermark are embedded into the nonoverlapped LCRs by quantizing the magnitude vectors of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients.By binding a watermark with LCR,resilience against desynchronization attacks can be readily obtained.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is invisible and robust against various attacks which includes common signals processing and desynchronization attacks.     

RST transforms resistant image watermarking based on centroid and sector-shaped partition

A novel digital watermarking scheme featuring centroid-based sectoring is proposed in this paper. To get higher robustness against geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation (RST), a delicate synchronization mechanism was developed and incorporated into the proposed approach. During the process of watermark embedding, the original image was partitioned into sectors based on the image centroid. Synchronization information as well as the message bits is then embedded into these sectors. With the help of the centroid-based sectoring and synchronization information, the proposed approach is capable of restoring the correct sectoring even if it has experienced severe geometric distortion. This attribute ensures the correct recovery of embedded watermarks and contributes to the robustness of the proposed scheme. A series of experiments have been conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme possesses good robustness against RST attacks and considerable robustness against other common image processing attacks.     

A Multiscale Approach to Automatic Medical Image Segmentation Using Self-Organizing Map

In this paper,a new medical image classification scheme is proposed using selforganizing map(SOM)combined with multiscale technique.It addresses the problem of the handling of edge pixels in the traditional multiscale SOM classifiers.First,to solve the difficulty in manual selection of edge pixels,a multiscale edge detection algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed.Edge pixels detected are then selected into the training set as a new class and a multiscale SOM classifier is trained using this training set.In this new scheme,the SOM classifier can perform both the classification on the entire image and the edge detection simultaneously.On the other hand,the misclassification of the traditional multiscale SOM classifier in regions near edges is graeatly reduced and the correct classification is improved at the same time.     

基于整数小波变换和混沌映射的盲数字水印算法

介绍一种基于整数小波变换和混沌映射的盲数字水印技术。利用广义Arnold混沌映射对水印图像进行置乱,利用整数小波变换对载体图像进行三级小波分解,然后用Logistic混沌映射随机产生各水印比特嵌入第二层高频部分HH2中整数小波系数的比特位置。水印的提取不需要原始图像。实验结果表明该算法嵌入的数字水印既有很好的隐蔽性,又能抵抗剪切和JPEG压缩的攻击.     

一种基于整数小波变换的医学图像半脆弱水印算法

提出一种应用于医学图像的半脆弱水印算法.首先时RGB图像进行可逆颜色转换,再对亮度分量进行一维整数harr小波变换,然后通过自适应地修改高频系数以嵌入水印.实验表明,该算法具有较高的透明性,对非恶意攻击具有一定鲁棒性,同时能较好地对恶意攻击进行检测与定位,能方便地应用于医学图像管理与保护.     

一种基于哈达玛变换与混沌理论的脆弱水印算法

传统的水印算法,通常使用小波变换对原始图像进行变换。对于复杂图像被篡改,直接的小波变换很难识别。为了准确地定位被篡改的复杂图像,提出一种基于哈达玛变换与混沌理论的脆弱水印算法。该算法首先对图像进行4x4分块,计算每一块的标准差,利用标准差小数部分和水印密钥合成为Logistic混沌映射初值生成脆弱水印。然后将脆弱水印嵌入到哈达玛变换域的直流分量中。图像认证时,不需要原始图像。实验结果表明。对于复杂图像该算法能够检测恶意篡改并进行篡改定位,是一种行之有效的图像鉴别方法。     

基于图像小波变换的数字水印

提出基于图像小波变换与密钥相联系的数字水印技术。使用密钥把水印序列嵌入到不同的空域位置，通过小波变换，自适应的水印能嵌入到各层小波系数中。由于使用了多层结构的小波变换，小波系数划分为最低层逼近系数和中频子带系数。当水印嵌入时，修改小波变换最低层的高频分量。实验表明：这种算法对常规的干扰具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性。     

A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

In this paper, a new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme that can be used for copyright protection is proposed. The scheme uses the integer wavelet transform (IWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The grey image watermark pixels values are embedded directly into the singular values of the 1-level IWT decomposed sub-bands. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and capacity due to the IWT and SVD properties. A challenge due to the false positive problem which may be faced by most of SVD-based watermarking schemes has been solved in this work by adopting a digital signature into the watermarked image. The proposed digital signature mechanism is applied to generate and embed a digital signature after embedding the watermarks; the ownership is then authenticated before extracting watermarks. Thus, the proposed scheme achieved the security issue where the false positive problem is solved, in addition to that, the scheme is considered as a blind scheme. A computer simulation is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and its robustness against various types of attacks and to compare it with some previous schemes. Furthermore, the statistical Wilcoxon signed rank test is employed to certify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

图象小波域的水印嵌入方法

图象小波变换后获得的低频尺度子图携带了较多的信号能量，在这一分量上嵌入水印，可保证水印稳健性较好，也能提高图象对水印的容量，作者应用小波提升算法基础上获得的非线性小波变换方法来提高尺度小图系数的值，增强这些系数的感觉容量，实验结果表明使用这种方法可以获得稳健性更强制 小波水印嵌入算法。     

结合Zernike 矩和水印的半脆弱图像认证

水印安全性、抗JPEG 的鲁棒性和篡改检测能力的矛盾、计算复杂度是现有基于数字水印的半脆弱图像认证算法需要克服的主要问题. 本文提出一种结合Zernike 矩和水印的图像认证算法. 利用图像小波变换低频子带的Zernike 矩幅值的半脆弱特性区分恶意攻击和偶然攻击. 结合基于HVS (人类视觉系统) 的水印后，可判断图像是否受到伪认证攻击，提高了水印安全性. 通过采用基于提升格式的整数小波变换，有效降低了算法计算复杂性. 实验结果表明，算法对较低质量因子的JPEG有损压缩鲁棒，对剪切、替换等恶意修改敏感且可准确定位篡改位置.     

基于内容的自适应小波域数字音频水印算法研究

以整型提升小波变换、静态图像压缩编码、人类听觉系统（HAS）为基础，提出了一种将灰度图像（即二维数字水印）嵌入到数字音频信号的新水印算法．该算法具有以下特点：（1）应用静态图像压缩编码技术，实现了以灰度图像作为水印信号的数字音频水印算法；（2）充分利用人类听觉系统（HAS），实现了二维数字水印的自适应嵌入，增强了算法的透明性和鲁棒性，（3）二维数字水印的提取不需要原始音频信号．仿真实验表明：该自适应数字音频水印算法不仅具有较好的透明性，而且对诸如叠加噪声、有损压缩、低通滤波、重新采样、重新量化等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性．     

结合多级小波系数加权均值和量化的可公开敏感水印

传统水印通常对水印嵌入后掩体视觉质量较为关注,而对水印嵌入环节的安全性较为忽视,一些算法尽管提供了水印加密环节,但位置固定,导致嵌入水印易受攻击,而基于参数化小波的水印敏感性在实际中难以应用。针对以上问题,提出一种结合多级小波系数加权均值和量化的可公开敏感水印。在该算法中,首先将掩体图像的消息摘要算法5(MD5)值、用户密钥和初始参数与Logistic映射绑定,用于对水印加密和嵌入环节的多级小波系数进行随机选择;然后通过联合图像专家组(JPEG)压缩的各级小波系数绝对变化量的算术平均值来估算小波系数权重,调整小波系数加权均值以嵌入水印;最后通过孤立黑点滤除策略来提高水印提取质量。理论和实验表明,所提方法具有较好的明文敏感性和密钥敏感性,嵌入水印后图像峰值信噪比(PSNR)可达到45 dB,即使公开水印嵌入环节,嵌入的水印也难以篡改和提取,同时依然对图像剪裁、白噪声、JPEG压缩、覆盖和涂鸦等常规图像攻击具有鲁棒性。     

彩色数字图像的脆弱数字水印

针对彩色数字图像局部区域内容保护和认证,研究了彩色数字图像的脆弱数字水印.为了保证水印的安全性,利用三维二值混沌序列对原始二值水印图像进行加密,对提取的加密二值水印图像进行解密.嵌入载体图像的水印和从嵌入水印的图像中提取的水印均是加密水印.将彩色数字图像中被保护区域的三个分量的小波变换域分别嵌入加密水印,以保护其内容的完整性和不可篡改性.采用模运算实现水印的嵌入和盲提取.理论分析和实验结果表明,该脆弱水印算法对彩色数字图像保护区域内的任何篡改,都能够正确地检测和定位.