求解带时间窗车辆路径优化问题的改进细菌觅食算法

为求解带时间窗的车辆路径问题（VRPTW）,提出一种改进的细菌觅食算法。将待配送的客户点依据地理位置进行K-means聚类,使得到的分类结果在满足时间窗的要求下,按顺序插入配送路径的最佳位置中,构造VRPTW问题的初始解,同时通过结合趋化操作与大邻域搜索中的removal算子进行距离寻优,扩大算法搜索范围并提高运行效率。实验结果表明,在规定时间窗内,改进算法能合理安排配送路径并最小化总配送成本。     

考虑时变速度的多车场绿色车辆路径模型及优化算法

针对多车场绿色车辆路径问题,根据顾客的坐标位置,采用K-means聚类方法将顾客分配给不同的车场;考虑时变速度和实时载重对车辆油耗和碳排放的影响,确定车辆油耗和碳排放的度量函数;在此基础上,以车辆油耗成本、碳排放成本、车辆使用成本、驾驶员工资以及时间窗惩罚成本之和最小化作为优化目标,构建多车场绿色车辆路径模型,并根据模型特点设计一种改进的蚁群算法进行求解.算例仿真结果表明,所构建的模型和提出的算法能合理调配不同车场的车辆,科学规划车辆路径,有效规避交通拥堵时间段,降低物流配送总成本,减少车辆油耗和碳排放,促进物流配送企业的节能减排.     

求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进蝙蝠算法

带时间窗和容量约束的车辆路径问题是车辆路径问题重要的扩展之一,属于NP难题,精确算法的求解效率较低,且对于较大规模问题难以在有限时间内给出最优解.为了满足企业和客户快速有效的配送需求,使用智能优化算法可以在有限的时间内给出相对较优解.研究了求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进离散蝙蝠算法,为增加扰动机制,提高搜索速度和精度,在对客户点按其所在位置进行聚类的基础上,在算法中引入了变步长搜索策略和两元素优化方法进行局部搜索.仿真实验结果表明,所设计算法具有较高寻优能力和较强的实用价值.     

无人机骑手联合外卖配送路径优化问题研究

外卖配送是外卖业务中的重要环节,而配送成本和准时送达率是决定外卖配送质量的关键因素,因而对外卖配送路径优化问题的研究尤为重要。基于无人机骑手联合外卖配送模式,引入时空距离度量方法,以最小化送餐成本为目标建立了无人机骑手联合外卖配送的路径优化模型,设计了一种两阶段启发式算法进行求解。第一阶段使用结合K-means的遗传算法对顾客聚类,形成骑手初始路径,第二阶段分别使用改进的变邻域搜索算法和A*算法优化骑手路径和无人机送餐航迹。实验结果表明,与传统骑手配送模式相比,考虑时空距离的无人机骑手联合外卖配送模式能减少送餐成本,提高准时送达率。     

需求可拆分车辆路径问题的聚类求解算法

针对传统的车辆路径问题通常假设客户的需求不能拆分,即客户的需求由一辆车满足,而实际上通过需求的拆分可使需要的车辆数更少,从而降低配送成本的问题,分析了需求可拆分的车辆路径问题的解的特征,证明了客户需求不宜拆分应满足的条件,设计了符合解的特征的聚类算法,并对其求解.通过实验仿真,将所提出的聚类算法与蚁群算法和禁忌搜索算法进行比较,所得结果表明了所提出的算法可以更有效地求得需求可拆分车辆路径问题的优化解,是解决需求可拆分车辆路径问题的有效方法.     

考虑匹配可行性的长期合乘问题建模与求解*

车辆合乘对于减少碳排放、停车位需求以及缓解交通压力具有重要意义。针对长期车辆合乘问题(LTCPP),构建了带有车容量和时间窗约束的多目标优化模型。该模型以最小化用户行驶总距离、用户合乘产生的额外驾驶时间、用户实际启程到达时间与用户期望时间的差距以及最大化匹配可行性为目标。LTCPP是聚类和路由问题的组合,基于该特点,提出了一种分布式聚类蚁群算法(DCAC)求解LTCPP。该算法在蚂蚁行进中基于启发式信息与偏好值产生合乘组,继而采用枚举方法确定用户的最佳行驶路径。最后,在Apache Spark分布式计算框架中进行分布式实现。实验结果表明,该算法能为LTCPP提供高质量的解,并且在处理大规模LTCPP问题上具有明显优势。     

基于时空模式的轨迹数据聚类算法

针对轨迹聚类算法在相似性度量中多以空间特征为度量标准,缺少对时间特征的度量,提出了一种基于时空模式的轨迹数据聚类算法。该算法以划分再聚类框架为基础,首先利用曲线边缘检测方法提取轨迹特征点;然后根据轨迹特征点对轨迹进行子轨迹段划分;最后根据子轨迹段间时空相似性,采用基于密度的聚类算法进行聚类。实验结果表明,使用所提算法提取的轨迹特征点在保证特征点具有较好简约性的前提下较为准确地描述了轨迹结构,同时基于时空特征的相似性度量因同时兼顾了轨迹的空间与时间特征,得到了更好的聚类结果。     

加速大数据聚类K-means算法的改进

为有效处理大规模数据聚类的问题,提出一种先抽样再用最大最小距离进行K-means并行化聚类的方法。基于抽样的方法避免了聚类陷入局部解中,基于最大最小距离法使得初始聚类中心趋于最优化。大量实验结果表明,无论是在单机环境还是集群环境下,该方法受初始聚类中心的影响降低,提高了聚类的准确性,减少了聚类的迭代次数,降低了聚类的时间。     

参考节点嵌入最短距离估算在图聚类中的应用

为解决社会关系网络图中节点没有坐标值、不能采用传统的欧几里得距离和曼哈坦距离进行聚类的问题,提出采用最短路径算法,来衡量点与点之间的相异度.针对最短路径算法具有时间复杂度大的缺点,引入基于参考节点嵌入的最短距离估算思想来估算两点之间的近似距离.在此基础上,针对DBLP数据集构成的社会关系网络图进行聚类,使用基于划分的k-medoids算法,分别采用以上两种距离算法,比较其优劣.实验证明改进后的算法和最短路径算法中的Dijkstra 算法相比,距离误差率小,时间复杂度大大降低,在提高效率的同时,取得了同样好的聚类效果.     

基于轨迹稀疏聚类的高速公路车辆检测

针对高速公路中车辆的实时检测问题,提出了一种基于轨迹稀疏谱聚类的高速公路车辆检测方法。使用ORB算法检测特征点并利用基于金字塔LK光流算法进行跟踪得出特征点轨迹,将轨迹逆投影至三维世界坐标系,利用轨迹三维信息构建轨迹间的相似矩阵并对其进行稀疏化处理,采用谱聚类方法对特征点轨迹进行初步聚类,对谱聚类结果进行类间合并得出车辆检测结果。实验结果表明,方法花费了更少的时间代价,有效地解决了车辆遮挡问题,车辆实时检测精度提高至93%,具有一定的有效性和价值。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~