基于自适应划分的进化多目标优化非支配个体选择策略

进化多目标优化主要研究如何利用进化计算方法求解多目标优化问题,已经成为进化计算领域的研究热点之一.多目标优化问题解的多样性主要体现在两个方面,即分布的广度和均匀程度.在分析了已有多目标进化算法保持解的多样性策略的基础上,提出了一种基于自适应划分的非支配个体选取策略.新策略根据非支配个体在目标空间的相似性程度对由当前非支配个体构成的前沿面进行自适应划分,在划分出的各区域选择最具代表性的个体,实现对非支配个体的修剪操作.为了验证新策略的有效性,将此策略应用于两类典型的多目标进化算法中,基于13个标准测试问题的仿真结果表明,自适应划分策略使最优解的均匀性和广度得到了很好的提升.     

基于多种群分解预测的动态多目标引力搜索算法

为提高算法求解动态多目标问题的寻优性能,提出一种多种群分解预测动态多目标算法.首先,提出进化向量生成策略,即基于偏好目标的解生成一组均匀分布的平行向量,并采用引力搜索算法优化每个子问题,保证其对应解的精度和分布的均匀性;其次,设计插值生成策略,即根据进化向量子问题的解在目标空间中的取值,通过线性插值的方式生成更多非支配解,保证解集的多样性和均匀性;再次,在环境变化后,根据相邻子问题的解存在相近性预测生成搜索种群,提高算法的寻优速度.与5个对比算法在10个标准动态测试函数上进行对比分析,实验结果表明采用所提出算法求解动态多目标问题具有较好的分布性和收敛性.     

环链种群结构的多目标教与学优化算法*

针对教与学算法采用贪婪进化机制,易造成种群多样性较差的问题,将环链拓扑结构引入到多目标教与学算法中,并改进了自我学习机制,提出了一种环链种群结构的多目标教与学优化算法。根据多种群进化方式,通过一种环链结构将种群划分为多个邻域,每个邻域代表一个小种群,且相邻种群之间存在重叠。在教与学进化过程中,在每个小种群中设置一名教师,由每一位教师引导各自的种群独立进化,且彼此之间存在进化信息交流。同时,提出一种改进的学习机制来提升局部寻优能力,由此平衡算法的全局搜索和局部寻优。该算法通过与五种对等算法在ZDT和DTLZ系列组成的12个多目标测试问题进行测试,实验结果表明了新算法在收敛性、多样性和稳定性等方面均优于或部分优于其他的对比算法。     

融合分区和局部搜索的多模态多目标优化

为解决多模态多目标优化中种群多样性维持难和所得等价解数量不足问题,基于分区搜索和局部搜索,本研究提出一种融合分区和局部搜索的多模态多目标粒子群算法(multimodal multi-objective particle swarm optimization combing zoning search and local search,ZLS-SMPSO-MM)。在所提算法中,整个搜索空间被分割成多个子空间以维持种群多样性和降低搜索难度;然后,使用已有的自组织多模态多目标粒子群算法在每个子空间搜索等价解和挖掘邻域信息,并利用局部搜索能力较强的协方差矩阵自适应算法对有潜力的区域进行精细搜索。通过14个多模态多目标优化问题测试,并与其他5种知名算法进行比较;实验结果表明ZLS-SMPSO-MM在决策空间能够找到更多的等价解,且整体性能要好于所比较算法。     

基于空间收缩技术的约束多目标进化算法

约束多目标进化算法在求解不可行域较大的优化问题时对不可行域的合理探索不仅有助于种群快速收敛于可行区域内的最优解,还能减少无潜力不可行域对算法性能的影响.因此,提出一种基于空间收缩技术的约束多目标进化算法(CMOEA-SST).首先,提出自适应精英保留策略对PPS算法的Pull阶段初始种群进行改进,增加Pull阶段初始种群的多样性和可行性;其次,在进化过程中采用空间收缩技术逐渐缩小搜索空间,减少无潜力不可行域对算法性能的影响,使算法在兼顾收敛性和多样性的同时提高收敛精度.为验证所提算法性能,将该算法与四个代表性算法C-MOEA/D、ToP、C-TAEA、PPS在LIRCMOP系列测试问题上进行仿真对比.实验结果表明,CMOEA-SST在处理不可行域较大约束优化问题时具有更好的收敛性和多样性.     

基于空间收缩技术的约束多目标进化算法

约束多目标进化算法在求解不可行域较大的优化问题时对不可行域的合理探索不仅有助于种群快速收敛于可行区域内的最优解,还能减少无潜力不可行域对算法性能的影响.因此,提出一种基于空间收缩技术的约束多目标进化算法(CMOEA-SST).首先,提出自适应精英保留策略对PPS算法的Pull阶段初始种群进行改进,增加Pull阶段初始种群的多样性和可行性;其次,在进化过程中采用空间收缩技术逐渐缩小搜索空间,减少无潜力不可行域对算法性能的影响,使算法在兼顾收敛性和多样性的同时提高收敛精度.为验证所提算法性能,将该算法与四个代表性算法C-MOEA/D、ToP、C-TAEA、PPS在LIRCMOP系列测试问题上进行仿真对比.实验结果表明,CMOEA-SST在处理不可行域较大约束优化问题时具有更好的收敛性和多样性.     

基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法

针对现有的动态多目标优化算法种群收敛速度慢、多样性难以保持等问题,提出了一种基于Pareto解集分段预测策略的动态多目标进化算法BPDMOP。当检测到环境变化时,对前一时刻进化得到的Pareto最优解根据任一子目标函数进行排序,并按照该子目标的大小均分为3段,分别计算出每一段Pareto解集中心点的移动方向;对每一段Pareto子集进行系统抽样得到Pareto前沿面的特征点,利用线性模型分段预测下一代种群;根据优化问题的难易程度,自适应地在预测的种群周围产生随机个体来增加种群的多样性。通过对3类标准测试函数的实验表明了该算法能够有效求解动态多目标优化问题。     

基于多策略的多目标粒子群优化算法

针对目前多目标粒子群优化算法的收敛性能和非劣解的多样性不能同时得到满足等缺陷,提出一种基于多策略的多目标粒子群优化算法（Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for Multi-Strategy,MS-MOPSO）。采用非支配排序和拥挤距离排序相结合策略,重新划分外部种群和进化种群;采用小生境选择策略,在外部种群中选择最佳粒子作为领导粒子,用于领导进化种群中粒子的进化;在进化种群中利用多尺度高斯变异策略,平衡算法的全局搜索和局部精确搜索;采用邻域认知个体极值更新策略,不断更新个体极值。将该算法应用到典型的多目标测试函数,并与其他多目标优化算法进行对比分析,测试结果表明该算法中四个策略的有效性和互补性,同时验证了该算法不但具有较好的收敛性和收敛速度,而且该算法最优解的分布具有良好的均匀性和多样性。     

自适应进化多目标粒子群优化算法

提出一种自适应进化粒子群优化算法以求解多目标优化问题．采用非支配排序策略和动态加权法选择最优粒子,引导种群飞行,提高Ｐａｒｅｔｏ解的多样性．采用动态惯性权重,提高其全局寻优能力．当种群的寻优能力减弱时,采用变异操作以引导粒子群跳出局部最优．通过ＺＤＴ１～ＺＤＴ４ 基准函数验证,该算法能够在保持优化解多样性的同时实现较好的收敛性．与其他多目标进化算法和多目标粒子群优化算法相比,该算法具有较好的性能．     

自适应Jaya算法求解多目标柔性车间绿色调度问题

针对多目标柔性作业车间绿色调度问题(MO-FJGSP),建立优化目标为最大完工时间、机器总负荷和能耗最小的多目标数学模型,并设计一种基于Pareto最优解的自适应多目标Jaya算法(SAMO-Jaya)对该问题进行优化求解.算法采用两级实数编码方式实现工序排序与机器分配的编码表示,并设计一种转换机制实现将Jaya连续解空间映射至FJSP离散解空间;然后设计一种混沌序列与均匀分布相结合的混合策略以提高初始种群的质量与全局分散性;此外,在Jaya算法中嵌入自适应调整种群规模的方法以提高算法求解速度.通过10个单目标与3个多目标基准算例测试,并与7个已有算法进行对比分析,结果表明SAMO-Jaya算法能够对MO-FJGSP进行有效求解.     

PSO-Based Multiobjective Optimization With Dynamic Population Size and Adaptive Local Archives

Recently, various multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms have been developed to efficiently and effectively solve multiobjective optimization problems. However, the existing MOPSO designs generally adopt a notion to “estimate” a fixed population size sufficiently to explore the search space without incurring excessive computational complexity. To address the issue, this paper proposes the integration of a dynamic population strategy within the multiple-swarm MOPSO. The proposed algorithm is named dynamic population multiple-swarm MOPSO. An additional feature, adaptive local archives, is designed to improve the diversity within each swarm. Performance metrics and benchmark test functions are used to examine the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with that of five selected MOPSOs and two selected multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. In addition, the computational cost of the proposed algorithm is quantified and compared with that of the selected MOPSOs. The proposed algorithm shows competitive results with improved diversity and convergence and demands less computational cost.      

Approximating the Set of Pareto-Optimal Solutions in Both the Decision and Objective Spaces by an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm

Most existing multiobjective evolutionary algorithms aim at approximating the Pareto front (PF), which is the distribution of the Pareto-optimal solutions in the objective space. In many real-life applications, however, a good approximation to the Pareto set (PS), which is the distribution of the Pareto-optimal solutions in the decision space, is also required by a decision maker. This paper considers a class of multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs), in which the dimensionalities of the PS and the PF manifolds are different so that a good approximation to the PF might not approximate the PS very well. It proposes a probabilistic model-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, called MMEA, for approximating the PS and the PF simultaneously for an MOP in this class. In the modeling phase of MMEA, the population is clustered into a number of subpopulations based on their distribution in the objective space, the principal component analysis technique is used to estimate the dimensionality of the PS manifold in each subpopulation, and then a probabilistic model is built for modeling the distribution of the Pareto-optimal solutions in the decision space. Such a modeling procedure could promote the population diversity in both the decision and objective spaces. MMEA is compared with three other methods, KP1, Omni-Optimizer and RM-MEDA, on a set of test instances, five of which are proposed in this paper. The experimental results clearly suggest that, overall, MMEA performs significantly better than the three compared algorithms in approximating both the PS and the PF.     

SAR image segmentation based on quantum-inspired multiobjective evolutionary clustering algorithm

The segmentation task in the feature space of an image can be formulated as an optimization problem. Recent researches have demonstrated that the clustering techniques, using only one objective may not obtain suitable solution because the single objective function just can provide satisfactory result to one kind of corresponding data set. In this letter, a novel multiobjective clustering approach, named a quantum-inspired multiobjective evolutionary clustering algorithm (QMEC), is proposed to deal with the problem of image segmentation, where two objectives are simultaneously optimized. Based on the concepts and principles of quantum computing, the multi-state quantum bits are used to represent individuals and quantum rotation gate strategy is used to update the probabilistic individuals. The proposed algorithm can take advantage of the multiobjective optimization mechanism and the superposition of quantum states, and therefore it has a good population diversity and search capabilities. Due to a set of nondominated solutions in multiobjective clustering problems, a simple heuristic method is adopted to select a preferred solution from the final Pareto front and the results show that a good image segmentation result is selected. Experiments on one simulated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image and two real SAR images have shown the superiority of the QMEC over three other known algorithms.     

A radial space division based evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization

In evolutionary many-objective optimization, diversity maintenance plays an important role in pushing the population towards the Pareto optimal front. Existing many-objective evolutionary algorithms mainly focus on convergence enhancement, but pay less attention to diversity enhancement, which may fail to obtain uniformly distributed solutions or fall into local optima. This paper proposes a radial space division based evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization, where the solutions in high-dimensional objective space are projected into the grid divided 2-dimensional radial space for diversity maintenance and convergence enhancement. Specifically, the diversity of the population is emphasized by selecting solutions from different grids, where an adaptive penalty based approach is proposed to select a better converged solution from the grid with multiple solutions for convergence enhancement. The proposed algorithm is compared with five state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms on a variety of benchmark test problems. Experimental results demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of both convergence enhancement and diversity maintenance.     

Rank-density-based multiobjective genetic algorithm and benchmark test function study

Concerns the use of evolutionary algorithms (EA) in solving multiobjective optimization problems (MOP). We propose the use of a rank-density-based genetic algorithm (RDGA) that synergistically integrates selected features from existing algorithms in a unique way. A new ranking method, automatic accumulated ranking strategy, and a "forbidden region" concept are introduced, completed by a revised adaptive cell density evaluation scheme and a rank-density-based fitness assignment technique. In addition, four types of MOP features, such as discontinuous and concave Pareto front, local optimality, high-dimensional decision space and high-dimensional objective space are exploited and the corresponding MOP test functions are designed. By examining the selected performance indicators, RDGA is found to be statistically competitive with four state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of keeping the diversity of the individuals along the tradeoff surface, tending to extend the Pareto front to new areas and finding a well-approximated Pareto optimal front.     

Multiobjective optimization and hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve constrained optimization problems.

This paper presents a novel evolutionary algorithm (EA) for constrained optimization problems, i.e., the hybrid constrained optimization EA (HCOEA). This algorithm effectively combines multiobjective optimization with global and local search models. In performing the global search, a niching genetic algorithm based on tournament selection is proposed. Also, HCOEA has adopted a parallel local search operator that implements a clustering partition of the population and multiparent crossover to generate the offspring population. Then, nondominated individuals in the offspring population are used to replace the dominated individuals in the parent population. Meanwhile, the best infeasible individual replacement scheme is devised for the purpose of rapidly guiding the population toward the feasible region of the search space. During the evolutionary process, the global search model effectively promotes high population diversity, and the local search model remarkably accelerates the convergence speed. HCOEA is tested on 13 well-known benchmark functions, and the experimental results suggest that it is more robust and efficient than other state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature in terms of the selected performance metrics, such as the best, median, mean, and worst objective function values and the standard deviations.     

Multiobjective optimization immune algorithm in dynamic environments and its application to greenhouse control

A novel multiobjective optimization immune algorithm in dynamic environments, as associated with Pareto optimality and immune metaphors of germinal center in the immune system, is proposed to deal with a class of dynamic multiobjective optimization problems which the dimension of the objective space may change over time. Several immune operators, depending on both somatic maturation and T-cell regulation, are designed to adapt to the changing environment so that the algorithm can achieve a reasonable tradeoff between convergence and diversity of population, among which an environmental recognition rule related to the past environmental information is established to identify an appearing environment. Preliminary experiments show that the proposed algorithm cannot only obtain great superiority over two popular algorithms, but also continually track the time-varying environment. Comparative analysis and practical application illustrate its potential.     

Evolutionary Multiobjective Design in Automotive Development

This paper describes the use of evolutionary algorithms to solve multiobjective optimization problems arising at different stages in the automotive design process. The problems considered are black box optimization scenarios: definitions of the decision space and the design objectives are given, together with a procedure to evaluate any decision alternative with regard to the design objectives, e.g., a simulation model. However, no further information about the objective function is available. In order to provide a practical introduction to the use of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, this article explores the three following case studies: design space exploration of road trains, parameter optimization of adaptive cruise controllers, and multiobjective system identification. In addition, selected research topics in evolutionary multiobjective optimization will be illustrated along with each case study, highlighting the practical relevance of the theoretical results through real-world application examples. The algorithms used in these studies were implemented based on the PISA (Platform and Programming Language Independent Interface for Search Algorithm) framework. Besides helping to structure the presentation of different algorithms in a coherent way, PISA also reduces the implementation effort considerably.     

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on multimethod with dynamic resources allocation

In the last two decades, multiobjective optimization has become main stream and various multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been suggested in the field of evolutionary computing (EC) for solving hard combinatorial and continuous multiobjective optimization problems. Most MOEAs employ single evolutionary operators such as crossover, mutation and selection for population evolution. In this paper, we suggest a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on multimethods (MMTD) with dynamic resource allocation for coping with continuous multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). The suggested algorithm employs two well known population based stochastic algorithms namely MOEA/D and NSGA-II as constituent algorithms for population evolution with a dynamic resource allocation scheme. We have examined the performance of the proposed MMTD on two different MOPs test suites: the widely used ZDT problems and the recently formulated test instances for the special session on MOEAs competition of the 2009 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC’09). Experimental results obtained by the suggested MMTD are more promising than those of some state-of-the-art MOEAs in terms of the inverted generational distance (IGD)-metric on most test problems.