基于BIM的建筑运维管理系统研究

对建筑运维管理的内涵和传统建筑运维管理存在的问题进行了阐述，利用BIM的优势，针对传统建筑运维存在的问题，研究了基于IFC标准的BIM运维系统的架构，设计了基于BIM的建筑运维管理系统总体框架，构建了基于BIM的建筑运维管理系统。实现了运维数据的集成共享，提高了建筑运维管理的效率和信息化水平，为以后建筑运维管理的研究提供参考。     

基于BIM和云计算的桥梁施工管理系统研究

云计算解决了信息系统资源融合共享的问题,将云计算应用于BIM(建筑信息模型)中,能使基于BIM的管理体系不断演进成网络化和泛在化的先进管理体系,对桥梁施工管理模式的优化转变具有重要意义。阐述了BIM和云计算的概念,设计了融合两者的管理体系,以施工模拟为例,介绍了系统的典型应用流程,分析了管理体系的效能。     

轨道交通信息模型系统的研发及其在广州地铁中的应用

为了实现广州地铁新线建设的施工管理和数字化移交需求,将4D 施工管理理念 引入到轨道交通工程建设中,通过研究多种主流建模软件成果兼容性以及信息集成技术,采用 多平台信息管理模式,建立基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的轨道交通4D 技术应用架构和信息模型结 构,开发了“轨道交通信息模型管理系统”,并应用于广佛线鹤洞站实际施工管理。该系统实现 了基于二维码的机电设备过程信息管理、基于3D 模型的“按图钉”质量安全管理以及以派工单 为核心的进度管理。同时,为了更好推动系统的落地应用,编写了BIM 标准应用指南。本系统 的应用表明：该研究有助于实现项目参与方信息共享、多专业协同、缩短施工工期、降低运维 成本,提高了地铁建设过程中施工效率以及信息化管理水平。     

基于BIM技术的水利水电工程逆向设计

随着科学技术水平的快速发展,传统的二维设计在水利水电工程施工中的缺点逐渐突出,制约了水利水电工程管理水平的进一步提升,而 BIM 技术的发展可以实现对工程项目过程的可视化管理,使各专业之间达到整体协同,提高工程管理水平。基于此,从逆向设计的技术路线、平台配备软件及模式等 3 个方面,介绍基于 BIM 技术的水利水电各专业的逆向设计实施模式,并通过逆向构建 BIM 模型和相关专业,如建(构)筑物、管线及堤防、金属结构和电气等专业的精细化三维建筑模型,实现各专业之间信息共享,使各专业之间达到整体协同,以提高水利水电工程中各专业的设计及施工质量和效率。由此可见,基于 BIM 技术的逆向设计在水利水电工程中值得推广。     

建筑机电系统物理连接关系自动修复方法

建筑机电设备逻辑关系自动提取成为建筑信息模型(BIM)从施工向运维阶段应用的 关键技术要点之一。针对实际工程项目 BIM 模型中设备、管线之间的物理连接错误、缺漏较多、 自动化提取设备逻辑连接关系难度高等问题,提出了建筑机电系统物理连接关系自动修复和效 率优化的方法。针对跨文件连接断点、错位连接、连接方向错误等 3 类问题进行准确定义,提 出自动检查和修复方法,能够自动快速修复现有 BIM 模型中常见的物理连接大量缺失的问题。 该方法在工程的实施支持施工 BIM 模型向运维 BIM 模型的快速转化,有利于实现基于 BIM 的 机电系统运维维护管理。     

基于BIM 的建筑消防安全管理应用框架研究

随着我国城市化步伐的加快,城市火灾的发生呈上升趋势,火灾防治的难度不断 加大,对防火设计和消防安全管理的要求不断提高。近年来建筑信息模型(BIM)技术的不断发 展,为建筑消防设计和消防安全管理提供了新的思路和方法。研究探讨了基于BIM 的建筑消防 安全管理的应用框架,包含基于BIM 的建筑消防设计子模型、基于BIM 的消防预案管理子模 型和基于BIM 的智能消防系统子模型。通过实际工程的案例分析,验证了BIM 技术在建筑消 防安全管理中的实现和应用价值,为建筑消防安全管理的改进提供了参考和技术支持。     

基于Revit的支架族开发与应用

支架的安装是基于建筑物的空调、给排水、强弱电等系统,由于涉及系统多、各系统管线复杂、设计图纸信息不 充分,以及支架的安装对建筑物的主体结构依赖性强,后续安装时增加安装难度,浪费安装空间。利用BIM 技术进行有效综 合与深化设计,预先对机电系统进行模拟安装,解决施工难点,节约管线与支架材料,增加建筑净高,对综合管线进行碰撞检 测。实现可视化的协同设计变更,有利于各专业进一步的深化设计,简化施工程序,更有利于施工现场的管理与缩短工期,从 而节省成本。本文运用BIM 技术,对支架的安装,设计以及施工的综合优化,可视化模拟进行了说明。     

基于BIM技术的大跨度桥梁施工管理平台研发及应用

针对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥设计和施工特点,采用CATIA建立桥梁三维模型,研发了基于CATIA的桥梁模型属性添加插件和建筑信息模型(BIM)设计、施工管理平台,并将其应用于大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥——夜郎河双线特大桥项目的规划、设计、施工等全过程。研究表明:基于BIM技术,在项目规划阶段可指导场地规划和运输线路拟定,在设计阶段可完成设计方案比选和设计优化,在施工阶段可实现工程量统计、预制构件定制、指导劲性骨架吊装、4D施工模拟与三维技术交底,显著提高了桥梁信息化施工管理水平和建造效率,为桥梁工程设计施工管理另辟蹊径。     

建筑装饰装修工程BIM模型技术分析

建筑装饰装修工程BIM技术优势突出,因而研究了BIM模型技术在建筑装饰装修工程中的应用。对装饰装修BIM模型的创建,提出具体的注意事项,并利用BIM模型技术协同设计、可视化、设施管理等功能,方便快捷地开展建筑装饰装修工程的设计与施工工作,推动装饰装修步伐,规范市场环境,使建筑装饰装修生产由无序走向有序。     

BIM在合肥卷烟厂全生命周期应用的研究

建筑信息模型(BIM)的应用对于实现卷烟厂全生命周期管理,提高烟草行业技改项目设计、施工、运营的科学技术水平,促进本行业全面信息化和现代化具有重要意义。该文结合安徽中烟工业有限责任公司合肥卷烟厂项目研究了BIM在卷烟厂全生命周期中的一些典型应用。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。