一种机载网络动态TDMA协议设计

机载网络是一种节点快速移动、拓扑频繁变化的新型Ad Hoc网络。本文提出了一种机载网络动态TDMA的接入协议,能够同时支持单播和广播方式,并通过RTS/CTS控制报文解决隐藏终端问题。协议将每帧分为前面的控制时隙和后面的数据时隙两部分,每个节点通过微控制时隙来竞争对应的数据时隙进行发送。同时,还可申请使用先前的空闲时隙或竞争失败时隙,采用消除报文来解决网络中可能存在的死锁情况,从而实现带宽的有效利用。最后,使用Qual-Net软件进行了仿真,结果显示新协议具有较好的性能。     

一种新的竞争与分配相结合的MAC协议

针对IEEE 802.11在高竞争下吞吐量低,以及TDMA协议在低负载下吞吐量低的问题,提出了一种新的TDMA MAC协议：Q-TDMA。结合TDMA协议可以保证节点在每个周期内有一个发送机会,而同步CSMA/CA机制可以解决隐藏终端和暴露终端的问题,Q-TDMA协议要求节点根据本身的队列长度来竞争复用时隙。仿真实验结果表明,Q-TDMA提高了网络吞吐量,降低了端到端的延迟。     

适用于飞行自组网的闲置时隙预约TDMA协议

在飞行自组网中,固定时隙分配时分多址接入（TDMA）协议存在闲置时隙无法成功使用的问题。通过对TDMA协议引入闲置时隙预约机制,提出一种支持业务优先级传输机制的闲置时隙预约TDMA协议。采用短帧长的方式满足协同与控制业务的低时延传输需求,并利用闲置时隙预约机制允许节点使用闲置时隙传输感知业务,从而满足感知业务的高吞吐量传输性能要求。仿真结果表明,与CF-MAC和CTMAC协议相比,该协议能够在降低传输时延的同时,有效提高信道利用率和网络吞吐量。     

一种新型战术MANET网络MAC协议设计

本文提出了一种新的适用于含有多种不同节点的战术MANET的动态时隙分配TDMA算法--PCC-TDMA算法.该算法结合了固定分配和动态接入的优势,通过在固定的时隙内发送控制信息且利用BC算法进行竞争,大大减少了冲突及网络时延,可适应密度变化较大的网络,还可实现时隙的空间复用.仿真结果显示,不论是吞吐量还是延迟方面,所提出的MAC协议都具有较好的性能.     

一种适于Ad Hoc网络的改进型MAC协议

AdHoc网络在很多重要领域有着广泛的应用,而AdHoc网络的信道访问控制（MAC）协议对AdHoc网络的运行和性能具有重要影响。该文针对AdHoc网络对业务流量均衡性和QoS保障机制的要求,提出了一种基于TDMA的改进型MAC协议——E—AGENT协议。该协议采用一种新的帧结构,由时隙竞争列表获得两跳范围内的邻节点信息,避免节点间的冲突,通过竞争判决列表实现动态时隙分配,提高了信道利用率,较好的均衡了负载。仿真结果表明,与AGENT协议相比,该协议在平均分组延迟以及分组传输成功率等性能上都有明显提高。     

Ad hoc网络中TDMA/CSMA融合的多址接入协议

为了解决在网络规模庞大、节点数量众多及数据业务负载极高的Adhoc网络中网络延迟和接入延时过大的问题,提出了以TDMA为基本多址接入方式,且采用固定与动态结合的调度算法。在固定分配时采用基本的TDMA接入方式,在进行动态分配时,采用基于竞争的CSMA方案,且对原有的TDMA协议和CSMA协议进行了改进,提出了更加适合这种新的多址接入方式的时隙与帧结构。实例仿真结果表明,该算法减小了网络时延,并改善了Ad hoc网络的性能。     

改进的VANET分布式自适应时分多址分配机制

在车载自组织网（Vehicular Ad-hoc Network,VANET）环境下,针对多节点同时接入信道时的竞争冲突问题,将分布式时分多址（Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA）和空分多址（Space Division Multiple Access,SDMA）思想相结合,提出改进的分布式自适应时分多址分配机制（Modified Decentralized Adaptive TDMA Scheduling mechanism,MDATS）.MDATS协议的节点通过帧信息（Frame Information,FI）的交互,获取两跳范围内其他节点时隙使用情况,从而筛选出空闲时隙集.竞争区域将根据空闲时隙数在空间上均分成多个逻辑区段,节点则根据所处的逻辑区段与空闲时隙的对应关系确定竞争使用的时隙.该协议通过对空闲时隙在空间上的分散化,降低同时接入节点之间的竞争冲突.仿真结果表明,MDATS协议与其他类似MAC协议相比,能够达到更高的信道接入成功率、更低的接入时延性能以及更高的时隙利用率.     

短波地空网中一种动态TDMA协议设计与仿真*

针对传统TDMA网络节点间业务量不均匀时,会造成信道资源严重浪费的问题,设计了一种基于邻居时隙调动的短波地空网动态TDMA协议(TDMA protocol based on neighbour timeslot remove,NTR-TDMA),以可靠性较高的地面节点作为控制中心,实现时隙分配可控下的动态利用。提出了邻居时隙调动算法(neighbour timeslot remove algorithm,NTR-ALG),地面节点根据时隙估计过程后生成的节点时隙请求数,调动相邻业务时隙节点间的空闲时隙,重新划分节点业务时隙界限。利用OPNET平台进行性能仿真,并与HFTP协议和TDMA协议作了对比分析。仿真结果表明,NTR-TDMA相比HFTP协议和TDMA协议,在消息投递率、平均时延和吞吐量方面具有更优异的性能。     

基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的无线传感器网络MAC协议

针对周期汇报型无线传感器网络(WSN)中的无线信号冲突和能量利用效率问题,提出了一种基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的媒体访问控制(UM-MAC)协议。该协议基于时分多路复用(TDMA)调度机制,将效用模型引入无冲突的节点工作时隙分配过程中,把链路可靠性、网络能耗归纳到一个统一的效用优化框架中;进而提出了一个启发式算法,使网络能够快速找到一个基于网络效用最大化与冲突避免的节点工作时隙调度方案。将UM-MAC协议与S-MAC协议和冲突避免MAC(CA-MAC)协议进行比较,在不同节点数量的网络环境中,UM-MAC获得的网络效用较大,平均数据包成功发送率较高,生命周期介于S-MAC与CA-MAC之间,在不同的网络负载下所有节点发数据包到汇聚节点的平均时延有所增加。仿真实验结果表明:UM-MAC协议较好地解决了冲突干扰问题,提高了网络的数据包成功发送率和能量利用效率等性能;在低网络负载时,TDMA类协议的性能并不比竞争类协议好。     

基于Rotman透镜天线的MAC协议设计

针对Ad hoc网络中基于定向天线的MAC协议控制算法复杂、难以处理冲突和资源利用率低等问题,提出一种基于Rotman透镜天线的TDMA MAC协议,简称RMAC协议。在现有研究的基础上,利用Rotman透镜天线的特点,简化邻节点发现的过程,给出资源状态表机制,实现高效无冲突的时隙预约,根据业务优先级提供预约时隙。仿真结果表明,RMAC协议能够充分发挥Rotman透镜天线空间复用的性能优势,能避免冲突并有效支持优先级机制,相比现有的定向TDMA MAC协议,提高了网络吞吐量和稳定性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate