Dynamic radio resource and interference management for MIMO–OFDMA mobile broadband wireless access systems

A multi-user multi-cell Multiple-Input Multiple Output/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (MIMO/OFDMA) system for next generation Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) networks is studied, in which the Base Station (BS) or evolved Node B (eNB) has only knowledge of the statistics of the channel. A combination of MIMO and OFDMA could increase the spectral efficiency in a high speed network. We investigate methods with scalable channel feedback and we analyze the trade off between the amount of Channel State Information (CSI) to the transmitter and the system performance. The proposed schemes with limited feedback are combined with other cell interference reduction strategies based on cooperation for improving the performance of a coordinated multi-cell system under very dynamic conditions like high velocity and fast fading. Simulation results demonstrate that substantial gain is obtained by the proposed schemes which take advantage of the statistical information of the highly dynamic channel.     

Virtual MIMO broadcasting transceiver design for multi-hop relay networks

To improve end-to-end throughput and to reduce signaling overhead in multi-hop relay networks, broadcast virtual multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems (BVMSs) have been introduced. Conventionally, this research has been done for a limited environment where each node is equipped with a single-antenna and also interference from other networks is not included for the numerical analysis. In this paper, we propose a new virtual MIMO broadcasting transceiver (VMBT) to overcome the limitation of conventional BVMS and to improve end-to-end throughput for BVMS-based multi-hop-relay networks while the signaling overhead effectively reduced. Toward this goal, proposed VMBT is designed based on the following contributions: analysis of the channel ellipse property, convergence proof of the iterative algorithm and utilization of the null and span of channel vectors. The simulation results show that the proposed VMBT achieves the highest end-to-end throughput compared with that of other conventional technologies.     

基于大尺度衰落系数的联合用户分组和导频分配策略

导频长度受限会导致相同的导频复用给不同的小区用户,由此引起导频污染问题。导频污染将使得信道状态信息估计不准,从而降低系统性能。针对小区内不同区域用户遭受导频污染程度不同的问题,分析图着色和部分导频交替复用（AFPR）2种导频分配方案,在这2种方案的基础上进行折中,提出一种基于大尺度衰落系数的联合用户分组以及导频分配方案。对用户与本基站之间的大尺度衰落系数大小进行升序排序,将所有小区用户根据所受导频污染严重程度的不同,依次分类为安全边缘用户、危险边缘用户和中心用户,对于安全边缘用户和非安全边缘用户,分别采用加权图着色方案和AFPR方案进行导频分配。仿真结果表明,相比原有AFPR方案,该方案的用户平均上行可达和速率提高约2.2%,其能够有效利用不同区域用户信道质量的差异性来完成导频分配,并通过具有较低复杂度的策略降低导频污染对用户的影响。     

新型信道自适应编码协作体制

针对传统编码协作体制在信道条件动态变化的移动场景中存在较严重的性能损失问题,提出一种码率兼容低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与混合自动重传请求(HARQ)协议相结合的新型自适应编码协作体制.假设信道状态信息在每次传输时发生变化,通过不等长增量冗余的自动重传,协作节点与目的节点处的等效码率随信道条件变化而获得自适应非线性调整.推导所提体制的中断概率与吞吐量等系统性能表达式,并给出理论分析及仿真结果.实验结果表明,在适当的兼容码率设计下,所提体制与传统体制和等长传输体制相比较可有效降低系统中断概率,提高系统的吞吐量,改善移动环境下协作通信系统的传输可靠性.     

Decentralized transceiver optimization for multi-relay aided multiuser MIMO networks

In this paper, the decentralized transceivers and corresponding channel state information （CSI） signaling concepts are proposed for weighted sum rate （WSR） maximization, via linear downlink transceiver＂ optimization in multi-relay aided multiuser multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） networks. Three decentral- ized algorithms are proposed with the local CSI requirements at the base station （BS） and the relay nodes. In the first proposed algorithm, the generalized channel inversion precoding is used at the BS to avoid the second hop channel sharing requirements among the relay nodes, and decentralized transceiver optimization of the relay nodes and users are developed to maximize the WSR. A minimum mean square error （MMSE）-based enhanced method is proposed as well. To further improve the performance, we provide a novel structure of the precoding matrix of the BS. The decentralized joint BS, relay and user transceiver optimization problem is formulated and solved. Also, the CSI signaling and decentralized processing in the time division duplex （TDD） system are analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the decentralized transceiver design compared to the existing algorithms.     

基于合作似然检测和球形译码的多用户多输入输出多跳中继系统

针对多输入输出(MIMO)系统在传输数据过程中的误码率(BER)和信道容量优化问题,提出一种基于合作似然检测和球形译码的多用户MIMO多跳中继系统。首先,该系统构建二阶协作的MIMO中继系统模型对信道数据的中继传输过程以及路径损耗、阴影衰落情况进行分析;接着,通过球形译码来推导出等效的最大似然规则进行对数正态阴影衰落检测;最后提出最大调和平均信道功率选择策略,基于相关性链路度量和最大信道功率阈值为用户选择误码率更小的接入链路,从而改善多用户MIMO系统的性能。实验仿真结果显示,与基于互信息最大化的多用户MIMO多跳中继系统以及基于解码转发和多入多出技术正交空时分组编码(STBC)的中继系统相比,该系统在数据传输过程中的平均比特误码率分别降低了27.4%和32.6%,平均信道容量分别提高了9.5%和12.7%,因此在减少误码率和提高信道容量上具有较好的效果。     

Multi-user rate and power analysis in a cognitive radio network with massive multi-input multi-output

This paper discusses transmission performance and power allocation strategies in an underlay cognitive radio (CR) network that contains relay and massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO). The downlink transmission performance of a relay-aided massive MIMO network without CR is derived. By using the power distribution criteria, the k^th user’s asymptotic signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is independent of fast fading. When the ratio between the base station (BS) antennas and the relay antennas becomes large enough, the transmission performance of the whole system is independent of BS-to-relay channel parameters and relates only to the relay-to-users stage. Then cognitive transmission performances of primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) in an underlay CR network with massive MIMO are derived under perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI), including the end-to-end SINR and achievable sum rate. When the numbers of primary base station (PBS) antennas, secondary base station (SBS) antennas, and relay antennas become infinite, the asymptotic SINR of the k^th PU and SU is independent of fast fading. The interference between the primary network and secondary network can be canceled asymptotically. Transmission performance does not include the interference temperature. The secondary network can use its peak power to transmit signals without causing any interference to the primary network. Interestingly, when the antenna ratio becomes large enough, the asymptotic sum rate equals half of the rate of a single-hop single-antenna K-user system without fast fading. Next, the PUs’ utility function is defined. The optimal relay power is derived to maximize the utility function. The numerical results verify our analysis. The relationships between the transmission rate and the antenna number, relay power, and antenna ratio are simulated. We show that the massive MIMO with linear pre-coding can mitigate asymptotically the interference in a multi-user underlay CR network. The primary and secondary networks can operate independently.     

联合子载波抑制-机会网络编码的OFDM数据广播方法

正交频分复用(Orthogonal freqency division multiplexing,OFDM)技术通过采用多个子载波在不同的子带上传输信息来有效对抗频率选择性衰落。但不同子载波信道质量不同,其中信道质量较差的子载波会产生较大的误码率,从而导致整个系统性能下降。将信道质量较差的子载波抑制不用即可解决该问题。本文提出了一种适用于OFDM数据广播系统的联合子载波抑制-机会网络编码方法（Joint subcarriers suppression and opportunistic network coding, JSSONC）,即将子载波抑制技术与网络编码（Network coding,NC)技术联合使用。基站抑制信道质量较差的子载波,仅采用信道质量较好的子载波进行数据包的广播与重传。在此基础上,结合机会网络编码,进一步减少重传数据包数量。仿真结果表明,与传统OFDM广播系统相比,本文提出的JSSONC方法降低了每一个数据包平均传输次数（Average transmission times of every data package,ATT-E）,从而大大提高了系统传输效率。     

On the System Performance of Mobile Edge Computing in an Uplink NOMA WSN With a Multiantenna Access Point Over Nakagami-m Fading

In this paper, we study the system performance of mobile edge computing (MEC) wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using a multiantenna access point (AP) and two sensor clusters based on uplink nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Due to limited computation and energy resources, the cluster heads (CHs) offload their tasks to a multiantenna AP over Nakagami-m fading. We proposed a combination protocol for NOMA-MEC-WSNs in which the AP selects either selection combining (SC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC) and each cluster selects a CH to participate in the communication process by employing the sensor node (SN) selection. We derive the closed-form exact expressions of the successful computation probability (SCP) to evaluate the system performance with the latency and energy consumption constraints of the considered WSN. Numerical results are provided to gain insight into the system performance in terms of the SCP based on system parameters such as the number of AP antennas, number of SNs in each cluster, task length, working frequency, offloading ratio, and transmit power allocation. Furthermore, to determine the optimal resource parameters, i.e., the offloading ratio, power allocation of the two CHs, and MEC AP resources, we proposed two algorithms to achieve the best system performance. Our approach reveals that the optimal parameters with different schemes significantly improve SCP compared to other similar studies. We use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the validity of our analysis.      

认知MIMO网络中增强型干扰对齐算法

针对认知多输入多输出（MIMO）网络中传统基于最大信干噪比的干扰对齐算法,在发送多数据流时随着信噪比的增加不易收敛以及数据流之间的干扰突出的问题,提出一种充分考虑数据流间干扰并进行迭代限制的干扰对齐算法。首先,次用户通过编码设计消除主次间的干扰;然后,在消除主用户之间和次用户之间干扰时,根据信道互易性,运用广义瑞利熵计算基于最大信干噪比算法的预编码与干扰抑制矩阵,并在迭代过程中,每次迭代始终使预编码与干扰抑制矩阵先满足干扰功率在期望信号空间最小;最后,结合次用户间MIMO干扰信道、主次用户间构成的MIMO干扰信道以及次用户网络干扰对齐的必要性,推导出次用户可达自由度上限。实验结果表明,相比传统最大信干噪比算法,所提算法在信噪比较低时次用户总容量无明显提高,但随着信干噪比的增加其优势越来越明显;当达到收敛时,所提算法迭代次数比传统最大信干噪比算法约减少40%。因此,所提算法能够提高系统容量且加快收敛。     

基于非正交多址的认知MIMO网络次用户系统容量优化

针对未来移动通信系统对大容量、高频谱利用率的需求,提出基于非正交多址（NOMA）技术的认知多输入多输出（MIMO）网络次用户系统容量优化方法。首先对发送信号进行预编码,随后按照信道质量增益对认知用户进行分簇,再对分簇之后的用户进行功率分配,最后将得到的NP-hard型多簇目标函数转化为求各子簇的容量;同时兼顾认知用户服务质量（QoS）及满足串行干扰消除（SIC）的条件,利用Lagrange函数结合Karush-Kuhn-Tucker （KKT）条件求解出分簇之后的最优功率分配系数,且该系数是0到1之间的常数。仿真结果表明,所提方法优于平均功率分配方法,并且在信道质量较差时,相比基于正交多址（OMA）技术的认知MIMO,显著提高了次用户系统容量。     

基于天线分组的高铁大规模多输入多输出自适应波束赋形方案

针对高铁大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统的吞吐量未被充分提升的问题，提出一种基于天线分组的自适应波束传输方案。首先利用基站（BS）预知的列车位置信息，并将波束赋形技术引入高速场景，建立高铁大规模MIMO的三维模型；其次验证BS天线分组情况下，子波束的吞吐量与其对应的发射天线数满足非线性关系，且子波束天线数变化并未对其他波束的吞吐量产生影响。基于此，以天线分组的自适应波束赋形方案对列车运行至不同位置的波束数和子波束所需的发射天线数进行调整，保证不同位置的最优系统吞吐量。计算机仿真表明，该方案与传统的单波束、双波束、八波束相比，在列车距基站125 m范围内分别实现了系统吞吐量87.9%、62.3%、50.6%的提升，在125 m之外与单波束赋形的系统吞吐量相近。实验结果表明，所提方案无论列车距BS较近或较远时，系统吞吐量均处于最佳水平，更好地适应高速铁路环境。     

Achievable throughput enhancement based on modified carrier interferometry for MIMO/OFDM

In MIMO systems, channel estimation is important to distinguish the transmitted signals from multiple transmit antennas. When MIMO systems are introduced in cellular systems, we have to measure the received power from all the connectable base station (BS), as well as to distinguish all the channel state information (CSI) for the combination of transmitter and receiver antenna elements. One of the most typical channel estimation schemes for MIMO in a cellular system is to employ a code division multiplexing (CDM) scheme in which a unique spreading code is assigned to distinguish both BS and MS antenna elements. However, by increasing the number of transmit antenna elements, large spreading codes and pilot symbols are required to estimate an accurate CSI. To reduce this problem, in this paper, we propose a high time resolution carrier interferometry (HTRCI) for MIMO/OFDM to achieve an accurate CSI without increasing the number of pilot symbols.     

Optimal precoding for full-duplex base stations under strongly correlated self-interference channels

We study the optimal precoding for a full-duplex (FD) system, where one FD multi-antenna base station (BS) respectively transmits to and receives from two half-duplex single-antenna mobile users (MUs) on the same time slot and frequency band. At the FD BS, the received signal from the desired MU is severely affected by the extremely strong self-interference (SI) from its transmit antennas to the receive antennas. In the presence of residual SI after imperfect SI cancellation, the downlink transmission rate maximization problem subject to a targeted uplink rate is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem to characterize the achievable rate region for the considered system. Considering the case in which the SI channel is strongly correlated, the above problem is transformed into a convex problem by exploiting the rank-one property of the SI channel, which can be solved efficiently. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于ADC精度与AP选择的去蜂窝系统能效均衡方法

去蜂窝大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）系统通过部署大规模接入点（AP）,获得宏分集增益和较低的路径损耗,但产生的大量功耗损失使得系统能效质量失衡。针对去蜂窝大规模MIMO系统与多AP联合协作的能效质量失衡问题,提出一种基于模数转换器（ADC）精度和AP选择的能效均衡方法。利用泊松过程对用户分布进行建模,推导出激活所有AP时频谱效率及能量效率的闭式解,将有效信道与干扰信道增益的占比作为排序指标,通过降序排序的方法获得相应信道方差矩阵索引,按索引对AP集进行逐层筛选,当AP联合服务用户获得频谱效率的变化差值小于阈值时,停止筛选并确定用户间干扰低的AP组合。通过ADC精度与AP选择的联合优化获取最优量化位数,实现系统频谱效率与能效的均衡。仿真结果表明,与全AP选择、基于大尺度衰落的AP选择方法相比,该方法能达到较优的能效质量均衡,尤其在用户密集区域,可提升约20%能效,同时利用最大最小功率控制可保证系统区域一致良好的用户服务质量。     

Robust multiuser MIMO scheduling algorithms with imperfect CSI

Robust multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) scheduling algorithms are proposed in this paper.With imperfect channel state information (CSI),traditional scheduling algorithms for the multiuser MIMO system based on the zero forcing precoding scheme will lose some performance due to the multi-user interference (MUI).In order to improve the system average throughput,we study the robust multiuser MIMO scheduling problem with imperfect CSI.From the average capacity formula,we derive a robust factor which can transform the robust multiuser MIMO scheduling problem into the traditional one,thus most existing non-robust scheduling algorithms can be robust if this factor is adopted.Simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithms,the proposed robust algorithms can improve the system average throughput significantly under the CSI error environment.     

基于压缩感知的多小区MASSIVE MIMO信道估计

针对多小区多用户大规模多输入多输出（MASSIVE MIMO）系统信道估计在低信噪比情况下估计精度较差的问题,提出了一种基于群智能搜索的果蝇分段正交匹配追踪（FF-StOMP）压缩感知算法。该算法在分段正交匹配追踪（StOMP）求解不同阈值下的信道矩阵参数与归一化最小均方误差的基础上,采用果蝇优化算法动态搜索出最小归一化均方误差与其对应的阈值,达到自适应参数设定的目的。仿真结果表明,与StOMP算法相比,信噪比在0~10 dB情况下,所提出的FF-StOMP算法信道估计性能能够提升0.5~1 dB;信噪比在11~20 dB时,信道估计性能能够提升0.2~0.3 dB。当小区用户数发生变化时,所提出的算法能实现自适应信道估计,能够有效提升MASSIVE MIMO系统低信噪比情况下的信道估计精度。     

Optimal MAC based cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) system in non-ideal fading wireless channels and pro-poses cooperative spectrum sensing schemes based on coherent multiple access channels (MAC),serving as an alternative way to improve the cooperative spectrum sensing performance and provide space diversity for spec-trum sensing.Sufficient statistics are transmitted using a common channel from the secondary users (SUs) to a fusion center (FC) where the global decision is obtained.The optimal scaling factors of the proposed schemes are obtained by maximizing the detection probability under a target false alarm probability and a transmit power constraint.Because the proposed optimal MAC scheme has high computational complexity,a sub-optimal solu-tion based on maximization of the deflection coefficient (DC) is also proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can significantly improve the spectrum sensing performance and approach the detection baseline.     

一种多用户MIMO系统中有限反馈预编码算法及性能分析

多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,用户可以通过反馈的方式把信道状态信息(CSI)传递给基站,基站利用该CSI进行预编码或者用户调度,可以有效地提取复用增益。但是传统的反馈方式,反馈量太大,占用过多上行资源。针对收发都是多天线条件的多用户MIMO系统,提出一种基于Grassmannian码本的有限反馈预编码方法,通过对用户信道矩阵进行量化,每个用户仅仅需要反馈一个序号而不是信道矩阵,从而大大减少了反馈量。通过对系统误码率(BER)和吞吐率的仿真,表明了该方法能保证系统性能。同时,由于信道估计存在误差,量化过程存在误差,所以,分析了信道矩阵误差对于新方法性能的影响,得到了系统吞吐率同信道矩阵误差的方差,以及基站发射功率三者的关系,并通过仿真进行验证,从而为评估信道估计和量化过程的优劣提供了理论依据。     

Cooperative and joint video multicast over MIMO–OFDM networks

Systems that broadcast/multicast over cellular networks have recently been intensively investigated. When compared to conventional terrestrial or satellite broadcasting systems, the Quality of Service (QoS) experienced by edge users is an important issue due to the inevitable inter-cell interference (ICI) that occurs within multi-cell environments. In order to resolve this issue, we have developed cooperative sub-band allocation (CSA) and CSA-joint transmission (CSA-JT) techniques that operate as a function of defined visual importance levels assigned to multi-layer videos, where the number of service users is limited over the macro/micro cell environment. To ensure that an acceptable level of video quality is delivered to edge users, an adaptive sub-band allocation scheme for layered video is designed to enhance the overall experience for all users based on maintaining program fairness. In a multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system, CSA can effectively mitigate ICI at the cell border via base station (BS) cooperation. Moreover, CSA-JT can improve the QoS for cell border users via joint transmission among the cooperating BSs. In order to achieve the delivery of optimal visual quality, an optimization problem is formulated that seeks to maximize the sum experience of the multicast users. A dual decomposition technique is applied in order to reduce the computational complexity of the system. Simulation results show that the CSA and CSA-JT algorithms exhibit a remarkable reduction of outage probability.